Indicators Of Agricultural Production Research Articles

MODELING THE STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE, THE AGRARIAN SECTOR AND THE LEVEL OF FOOD SECURITY IN UKRAINE

The article’s goal is to develop the scientific and methodological approach (model) to determine the influence of agricultural insurance on the agrarian sector development as well as the level of food security in Ukraine to implement the appropriate agricultural management decisions.Structural modelling has been chosen as the methodological tool of the article. The process of modelling was performed with the help of structural equations. The Structural Equation Modeling tools in the Statistica 12 program package were used to accomplish this task (Statistics, Advanced linear/nonlinear Models, Structural Equation Modeling).The study found that an increase of 100% in the level of development of agricultural insurance results in a 30.8% increase in the indicators of agricultural production. When the development level of agricultural production increases by 100%, there is a corresponding 45.6% increase in food security. However, if the agricultural insurance development level is increased by 100%, the food security one will be increased by 13.7%. Thus, the hypothesis about the direct influence of agricultural insurance on the development of the agricultural sector and, through it, on the food security of Ukraine is fully confirmed. The authors of the article offer to assess the direction and strength of the relationships between the development levels of agricultural insurance, the agricultural sector and food security by developing a system of single-factor and multifactor regression equations using structural modelling. The impact of the level of agricultural insurance development on the development of the agricultural sector along with the level of food security in Ukraine has been confirmed, and the mechanism of state support for agricultural insurance should consider the results obtained. Simultaneously, the development of agricultural insurance should be implemented on a public-private basis in Ukraine.

Innovations in the agro-industrial complex of the Aktobe region of the Republic of Kazakhstan: an effective mechanism for solving the food issue

Purpose – the article discusses the current aspects of the development of agroindustrial complex on the example of the Aktobe region, presents recommendations that contribute to the solution of these issues. Research methods – abstract-logical, statistical, observation, scientific abstraction. Factor analysis, grouping method, tabular and graphical methods of data visualization were used as statistical tools. Results – studying the foreign practice of modernizing agricultural sector in order to ensure food security, the authors note that the main criteria should include the system of state and local self-government, legislative framework, fiscal and monetary regulation, mechanism of subsidizing and lending, investment, innovation policy. The main indi cators of agricultural production in the region for 2017-2021 are analyzed. It is proved that at present it is necessary to restore this strategically important sector of economy on a qualitatively new technical and technological basis that meets modern trends. Agrarian science of Kazakhstan has developed a fairly large number of innovations, the implementation of which in the agroindustrial complex would raise it to a high level. However, the degree of use of innovations by commodity producers remains very low. One of the problems of the low activity of innovative processes is the lack of motivation in the development of innovations by agricultural producers. Conclusions – innovative development involves the transition to resource-saving technologies that contribute not only to increasing production volumes, but also saving resources, as well as achieving the required level of food security. This complex task requires the creation of appropriate conditions: appropriate infrastructure for innovation activity, a set of material, technical, legislative means for information, marketing, financial, and personnel services for business entities.

APPLICATION OF BASIC AND MODIFIED METHOD FOR ASSESSING THE LAND DEGRADATION NEUTRALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF STUDYING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEGRADATION AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

The article is devoted to the theory and practice of applying the concept of land degradation neutrality (LDN) for the conditions of the Belgorod region of the Russian Federation. Its basic version is considered, based on the analysis of three sub-indicators, where the assessment of land degradation trends in the study area is based on the analysis of changes in the main indicator - the percentage of degraded land from the total area of the territory, and three sub-indicators of SDG 15.3.1: changes in land productivity, changes in land cover and dynamics of soil organic carbon reserves. As an adjustment to the basic approach of the LDN, it is proposed to supplement it with regional data on soil characteristics. The following soil properties can be recommended as necessary for considering in the evaluation model - the content of humus and nutrients, as well as pH, these characteristics, on the one hand, are largely related to soil fertility, and on the other hand, they are most at risk of degradation changes during human exploitation of soils. Modif cation of the LDN methodology allows not only to clarify the central (umbrella) indicator, but also to identify the relationship of the latter with indicators of agricultural production, in particular, gross crop yields. Analysis of the data using the modif ed LDN method showed that 64.8% of the region was degraded (which is almost 2 times higher than the values obtained by the basic LDN method), which leads to a signif cant loss of crop yield. The article proposes an algorithm for assessing the relationship between land degradation and gross crop yields based on correlation and regression analysis (spatial models).

SOWN AREAS AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF FOOD INDEPENDENCE OF THE JEWISH AUTONOMOUS REGION

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of the ratio of sown areas and own production of agricultural products on the food independence of the Jewish Autonomous Region in 2005-2020.
 Material and methods. The authors, in carrying out a comparative analysis of the dynamic series on the indicators of the land area by type of land and indicators of agricultural production, used the economic-statistical method, the method of analysis and synthesis, as well as methods of vertical and horizontal analysis.
 Results. The data obtained indicate a decrease in the indicators of agricultural production on the territory of the subject. It is determined that the indicators of agricultural areas remain unchanged. At the same time, in 2020 there is a significant increase in the sown areas from 87.2 thousand hectares to 136.1 thousand hectares. However, when considering the indicators of own production of agricultural products, there is clearly a steady trend, with a general decline in indicators in 2020 compared with 2005, which forms a low level of food independence

НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ И СНИЖЕНИЕ РИСКА ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ АГРОПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ В ЦИФРОВОЙ СРЕДЕ

Agriculture can rightfully be called one of the most risky areas of production and business. Modern technologies, machines, information systems make it possible to accurately predict and assess risks, and therefore pro- vide agricultural producers with opportunities to manage risk, the final results of production activities, and indicators of efficiency and profitability. The article discusses the impact on reducing the risk of production and increasing the efficiency of the introduction of digital technologies in agriculture. The author highlighted the main legislative and regulatory documents that determine the staging of the process of introducing digital technologies into agricultural production, and also analyzed the implemented activities, programs and projects within the framework of the Digital Agriculture project. The impact of risks on agricultural production is undeniable, they cause fluctuations in both indicators of agricultural production and related industries (processing, food processing), determine not only the profitability of agricultural producers, but also the food and economic security of the country. The author identifies the formation of a digital environment in agriculture as one of the areas of control, regulation and minimization of production risk to an acceptably low level, as well as increasing production efficiency. The introduction of digital technologies in agriculture, based on digital solutions such as big data and artificial intelligence, the Internet of things and robotization, is carried out both at the national, regional and agribusiness levels. Therefore, it is important to evaluate each digital solution, the effectiveness of its implementation and the ability to influence the final result of the activity.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО АГРАРНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The theoretical and practical directions of development of ecological agriculture in the country are justified, based on the idea of closed cycle, which corresponds to ecological and economic principles. The works of domestic and foreign scientists on this issue were studied. The main economic indicators of agricultural production on the example of Pavlodar region were analyzed: dynamics of gross output of agricultural sector; the number of operating agricultural enterprises and peasant (private) farms; distribution of the land fund by land categories. Information on violation of environmental legislation in the field of land resources protection and on the volume of waste in the industry is provided. The problems that hinder the implementation of the main provisions of greening of production activities in agro-industrial complex are identified. Summarizing the arguments of domestic and foreign scientists, the need to develop and implement the mechanism of functioning of agricultural entities is shown, which is based on the use of secondary resources, implementation of which in the future will allow, using comprehensive analysis of the used technologies, to modernize the production capacities of processing enterprises, implementing the principle of minimizing waste, ensuring expansion of the market for environmenttally friendly products. Models of rational production are shown: outsourcing and in sourcing. Measures of public support for the use of environmental innovations, environmental insurance, public-private partnership instruments, strengthening control over compliance with the principles of rational environmental management, economic incentives for agricultural producers are proposed.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ В РЕГИОНЕ (на примере Дальнего Востока)

In the current political and economic situation in the Russian Federation, due to the need for rapid development of import substitution in the food sector, agriculture has become one of the priority sectors of the Russian economy. In the context of sanctions restrictions, food security as an essential component of the country’s national security depends entirely on the level of agricultural development. The problems and features of agricultural production development in regions with difficult natural and climatic conditions are relevant, since additional investments and the introduction of innovative technologies that reduce the impact of negative factors are required there. The article discusses the trends and prospects of ensuring food security of the Far Eastern Federal District. This direction includes the physical availability of food for the population of all subjects of the district, the necessary volumes and quality of food, its positive impact on the health of the population. Indicators of agricultural production in the district and its features in the regions are considered. The main problem of regions with unfavorable climatic conditions remains insufficient production of various types of products. The necessary directions for improving food security are systematic state support and strategic cooperation with neighboring regions at the inter-sectoral and inter-municipal levels.

РАЗВИТИЕ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ПРОГРЕССА И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ ОСНОВНЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ РЕГИОНА

The article examines the issues related to the development of scientific and technological progress and forecasting of the main indicators of agricultural production in the region. Scientific and technological progress is of great importance for the organization and management of production in the agricultural sector of the Kyrgyz economy. No less important direction of the development of agricultural management is the forecasting of the main indicators of agricultural production in the region.

Methodological approaches for optimization of structure of production means of agricultural companies in the Republic of Belarus

Economic efficiency at agricultural companies greatly depends on availability of production means, including fixed and circulating assets, their structure and application efficiency. Specialization has a significant impact on the structure of production means. Problems of optimization of the structure of production means are studied by scientists from near abroad, but their research are of fragmented character and mostly do not take into account specialization of agricultural producers. In this regard, the relevance of research conducted is conditioned by the need to determine the perfect structure of fixed and circulating assets in the context of specialization profile, which will serve as a guide for agricultural companies, especially when scheduling investment activities. The paper dwells on the following main areas of specialization: dairy and beef cattle; grain production with dairy cattle breeding; grain production with dairy and beef cattle breeding; dairy cattle breeding. The effect of the natural material and age structure of fixed assets, as well as the structure of circulating assets depending on the functional role for the economic and financial indicators of agricultural companies in the context of specialization is analyzed. The effect of qualitative indicators of agricultural production on the structure of production was studied, partial dependencies between the studied indicators were identified, and the perfect structure of fixed and circulating assets was determined according to specialization. Investment options in fixed assets of inefficiently functioning agricultural companies were proposed to bring their structure to the optimal level. In terms of specialization profile, models were constructed reflecting the effect of factor indicators (cost of production means elements) on the efficient one (revenue from agricultural products sales). Regression analysis allowed to determine the nature of the effect of factor indicators on the efficient one, as well as to identify reserves for increasing production and financial indicators. These developments can be used for scheduling production and investment activities of agricultural companies.

Defining the measures to rationally manage the sustainable development of agricultural land use

The issue of socio-economic development of rural areas was explored. It was substantiated that the state policy should be aimed at mobilizing labor, financial, material and organizational resources, strengthening the social security of rural population, rehabilitation of social infrastructure, development of entrepreneurship, and maintaining ecological stability. It was proved that within the integrated management of the development of rural areas, the development of the system of local self-government in rural territory communities requires special attention. The factors that led to an unprecedented socio-economic and ecological crisis in agricultural land use were explored. Based on the solution of the optimization problem, the negative trends in the dynamics of key indicators of agricultural production, determined especially clearly on the basis of the results of the correlation data analysis. The obtained mathematical model of the dynamics makes it possible to foresee the consequences of unsustainable management of the development and even to predict the sad ending, unless certain priority factors of management are accepted. The prediction based on such a mathematical model of dynamics can be made by any indicators of agricultural production. It was noted that the modern period of development of land relations in rural areas will be able to satisfy the interests of the peasants only on condition of harmonious combination of economy of different spheres of activity in rural areas, which are reinforced one after another. The innovative approach to ensuring deficit-free balance of humus in soil as a condition for the sustainable development of agricultural land use was substantiated. It was determined that the policy, aimed at the environmental land use stabilization is based on the development of organizational-legal forms of economy of a cooperative type, based on the common share ownership of land plots of land share owners.

Formation of competitive products indicators of agricultural production

In the article investigated the main factors forming the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises in Ukraine.