Indicators Of Ukraine Research Articles

PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF CURRENCY SECURITY IN UKRAINE: CHALLENGES AND PERSPECTIVES IN MODERN REALITIES

The article examines issues related to the effectiveness of public administration in the field of monetary security in Ukraine. The article presents general characteristics of the nature, state, and dynamics of the effectiveness of public administration in the field of currency security in Ukraine. The assessment of the current state and dynamics of the currency security indicators in Ukraine was made on the basis of the characteristics of the state monetary policy components indicators compared to similar indicators in Poland. The characteristics of exchange rate dynamics, GDP dynamics, and labour market dynamics in Ukraine and Poland are presented. The main economic factors affecting the exchange rate, namely the inflation rate and the state of the balance of trade account of the balance of payments have been considered. The main factors reducing the efficiency of Ukraine's monetary security administration are detailed. The dynamics of the indicators of the level of Ukraine's shadow economy proved to be contrary to the goals and objectives of the "Strategy of Ukraine's Economic Security until 2025". The ways to minimize the negative influencing factors and, accordingly, strengthen the implementation of monetary and credit policy and improve the efficiency of state management of monetary security of Ukraine were proposed. The development of currency circulation in Ukraine is ensured by the state's influence on monetary relations by specially authorized bodies with different legal statuses and powers. In practice, difficulties arise in the application of monetary law in the process of currency regulation. The mechanisms of interaction between state control bodies in the field of currency regulation have not yet been established, which weakens the position of the state in the currency market and hinders the process of integration into the international economic system.

Assessment of the Perinatal Care Effectiveness During the COVID-19 Pandemic at the Regional Level

Considering the importance of perinatal health care, it is necessary to carry out constant monitoring and analysis of the effectiveness of this direction both at the state level and in the section of individual regions. The objective: to assess the effectiveness of perinatal care during the COVID-19 pandemic at the regional level (Ivano-Frankivsk region). Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the indicators of the effectiveness of perinatal care at the state and regional level (Ivano-Frankivsk region) for 2017–2021 was carried out, which in particular includes 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic and previous years for the analysis of dynamic trends using statistical data of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Results. Despite the fact that perinatal care in Ivano-Frankivsk region for 2017–2021 is at a fairly high level compared to the average indicators in Ukraine, there are certain shortcomings and corresponding reserves for improving its effectiveness. The deterioration of some indicators during the years of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2021) in comparison with the last years before the pandemic (2017-2019) was noted: a sharp decrease in the birth rate in 2021 (by 9.76%); in 2020 – an increase in the proportional indicator (per 1,000 births) of early neonatal mortality (from 2.85 to 3.62 of the actual indicator and from 6.47 to 7.82 in real terms), in 2021 – an increase in the proportional indicator of perinatal mortality at weighing less than 1500 g (3 2.27 to 3.44 per 1000 live births), in 2021 a sharp increase in maternal mortality (from 23.98 to 37.4 per 100,000 live births). Conclusions. The obtained indicators reflect both the direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of the woman, the fetus and the newborn, as well as the increased load on the perinatal care system and the lack of readiness for crisis challenges. It is necessary to develop a complex of improving the efficiency of perinatal care at all stages (antenatal, intranatal and neonatal) and strengthening the stability of the system in possible crisis situations.

Big Data for decision-making and achieving Sustainable Development Goals: the state of legal regulation

The article examines the importance of using big data in decision-making, in particular, in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The legal regulation of the SDGs in Ukraine since 2015 is analyzed. An institutional system for collecting and publishing data on SDG indicators in Ukraine is established. It is found that the data is not updated systematically and is not collected for all indicators. This makes it impossible to adjust decisions to achieve the SDGs. The use of Big Data in SDG indicators can complement statistics and reveal new individual relationships between indicators. Big Data is collected, as a rule, by corporate entities that have invested heavily in building large databases and use the results of big data processing in their own business models. It is necessary to adopt the Strategy for Achieving the SDGs in Ukraine until 2030 with legal regulation on the use of modern digital technologies for collecting, analyzing and attracting Big Data from businesses.

MANAGEMENT OF THE STATE DEBT OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF BALANCING ITS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. Settlement of the state debt problem determines the country’s budgetary capacity, the situation of its currency reserves, the level of interest rates, the investment climate, the stability of the national currency, and the behavior of all segments of the financial market. At the same time, in modern conditions, there is no unified approach to the management of the state debt as a priority direction of the state financial policy, which requires the search for opportunities to fulfill the state’s debt obligations in order to form the goals of its balanced economic development, to intensify scientific efforts aimed at researching the above-mentioned problem. The purpose of the article is to systematize approaches to determine the features of state debt management and assess its consequences for identifying balanced development of the country. Results. The problems of increasing the state’s debt obligations, which lead to structural imbalances, increase the country’s financial dependence on foreign creditors, reduce its solvency and investment attractiveness and increase debt service costs, are studied. The analysis of the conditions of formation of the state’s debt obligations was carried out and an assessment of their consequences in the context of balancing the country’s development was carried out. The peculiarities of the change in the structure of the state debt of Ukraine in terms of repayment currencies have been revealed. The indicators of Ukraine’s debt burden were monitored and compared with the limit values in order to determine the level of financial threat to the country. The consequences of an inefficient mechanism of state debt management, which are revealed at the stage of servicing and repayment of the state debt and which lead to the need for annual interest payments financed from the budget, are singled out. The measures to improve the government debt management mechanism to prevent negative macroeconomic trends are substantiated. Conclusions. According to the results of the study, it was established that the state debt of Ukraine creates risks for the financial capacity of the state, and the further attraction of loan funds at insignificant rates of economic growth increases the threats to macro-financial stability. Therefore, to increase the effectiveness of state debt management, it is important to form a proper management mechanism, monitoring of debt security indicators and determine the optimal structure of the debt-to-GDP ratio, taking into account the main aspects and trends of development of the national economy. To improve the mechanism of state debt management, it is proposed to: reduce the share of debt denominated in foreign currency; increasing the share of domestic borrowing in the structure of the state debt; reduce the specific weight of debt that must be repaid in the short term; increase the demand for government securities; refuse to attract financial resources of international organizations, which provide for additional crediting conditions and limitation of economic and political dependence of the state.

Non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in Ukraine: analysis of the global burden of disease 2019 study.

Aim: To analyse the burden and risk factors of Non-Communicable diseases (NCDs) in Ukraine to determine the ways to prevent them. Materials and Methods: Using a statistical method, NCDs DALYs (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) in Ukraine were analyzed in dynamics for 1990-2019 and in comparison, with European and EU countries based on the data from "Global Burden of Disease, 2019" research. Results: The burden of NCDs in Ukraine is 1.5 time higher than in European and EU countries. The most negative dynamic trends and significant differences between indicators in Ukraine and EU countries (with an excess of 2 or more times) were identified for DALYs due to cardiovascular diseases, digestive diseases and substance use disorders. In Ukraine the burden of NCDs can be reduced on 25.9% by normalization of systolic blood pressure, on 21.2% by optimizing diet, on18.5% by quitting smoking, on 17.6% by lowering LDL cholesterol, on 16.5% by normalizing body weight and on 9.2% by quitting alcohol abuse. Conclusions: Ukraine should develop and implement a modern system for monitoring and assessing the NCDs burden and their risk factors; strengthen the capacity of public health institutions and their ability to attract communities to implement interventions to control NCDs modified risk factors, increase awarnes and the population's responsible attitude towards their health; strengthen the ability and motivate primary health care to provide quality primary prevention, screening and timely diagnosis and treatment of chronic NCDs.

Methodological recommendations for digital rating of economic indicators of enterprises

Introduction. The introduction of the economic rating will contribute to the centralization of control over the activities of economic entities by various state bodies. On the other hand, the profile rating will allow to avoid subjectivity in the evaluation of the economic activity of enterprises by state bodies and other subjects of economic activity and to establish a transparent and understandable work of the state bodies themselves for subjects of economic activity and society as a whole. The purpose of the paper is in a careful study and analysis of the international and domestic experience of rating the activities of enterprises according to profile and economic indicators in Ukraine with the aim of developing agreed unified methodological recommendations regarding the rating of business entities in the process of European integration. of Ukraine. Results. In order to determine the rating of the enterprise by profile indicators, it is necessary to evaluate the main indicators of the profile activity of the enterprise, minimizing and simplifying their calculation, as well as to introduce a digital rating of the profile indicators of the enterprise. With two-way communication between the enterprise and other market participants, this will simplify relations between them. On the other hand, state bodies will be able to direct the development of enterprises in the right direction, in accordance with the adopted policy of socio-economic development. Conclusions. The proposed methodological recommendations on the digital rating of the profile indicators of enterprises will allow to improve the legal framework for determining the rating of the enterprise to obtain a scale of reliability of the enterprise as a business entity, to eliminate significant problems of corruption in the distribution of financial funds, to improve financial and credit discipline, first of all, in the central authorities , and secondly in industries, regions, cities and credit institutions, etc.

Методичні рекомендації щодо рейтингування економічних показників підприємств

The introduction of the economic rating will contribute to the centralization of control over the activities of economic entities by various state bodies. On the other hand, the economic rating will allow to avoid subjectivity in the evaluation of the economic activity of enterprises by state bod-ies and other subjects of economic activity and to establish a transparent and understandable work of the state bodies themselves for subjects of economic activity and society as a whole. It consists in a careful study and analysis of the international and domestic experience of rat-ing the economic activity of enterprises according to economic and economic indicators in Ukraine in order to develop agreed and unified methodological recommendations for the ranking of business entities in the process of European integration of Ukraine. To determine the rating of the company by economic indicators, it is necessary to evaluate the main indicators of the economic activity of the enterprise, minimizing and simplifying their calcula-tion, and to introduce a digital rating of the economic indicators of the company. With two-way communication between the enterprise and other market participants, this will simplify relations be-tween them. On the other hand, state bodies will be able to direct the development of enterprises in the right direction, according to the adopted policy of socio-economic development. The proposed recommendations will help to simplify the conditions for obtaining privileges by honest and conscientious enterprises in the form of quotas, licenses, permits, benefits, subsidies. The proposed system will enable government bodies, as well as other commercial institutions, to conduct a kind of audit of the enterprise, to see the overall picture of the state of its activity, to transparently select the best in the industry and grant them privileges. In addition, the rating will help reduce the number of inspections of the enterprise by government authorities, which are often inefficient and ineffective.

Global financial cycle: Impact on Ukraine

Global financial fluctuations that arise in the financial centres – the US and the EU through international channels of monetary transmission affect the financial markets of peripheral countries, including Ukraine, where the assessment and consideration of such an impact is an important element of monetary policy. Therefore, the purpose of the article was to assess the impact of cyclical fluctuations of the global financial situation on the financial sector of Ukraine’s economy. As a result of correlation analysis, a direct relationship between leverage indicators in Ukraine and the Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index and Euro Stoxx Volatility Index has been revealed. At the same time, the direct relationship between these indices and the growth of domestic credit in Ukraine contradicts the concept of the global financial cycle and may indicate the presence of more important factors of domestic credit. Correlation analysis of the volatility index of the Chicago Board Options Exchange and capital flows in Ukraine showed that in the years of increased global uncertainty and volatility, the volume of capital flows decreased, especially for portfolio debt instruments. Analysis of the cyclical components of the global and domestic credit cycle in Ukraine obtained with the Godric-Prescott filter indicates a higher level of volatility in domestic lending. The obtained value of the concordance coefficient did not make it possible to draw an unequivocal conclusion about the counter- or procyclical nature of domestic credit fluctuations relative to the global volume of loans in the non-banking sector. It has been found that the global financial cycle was not a significant factor in domestic credit in Ukraine in the studied period. The practical significance of the results lies in the fact that the National Bank of Ukraine will be able to implement a monetary policy independent of the global financial fluctuations and limit the outflow of capital during the period of growing uncertainty in the international financial markets

State support of the dairy industry and prospects for its development in the post-war period

Purpose. The article aims – to identify current trends, determine the level of state support and prospects for the development of the dairy industry in Ukraine in the post-war period, taking into account cooperation with the EU.
 Methodology / approach. The research was conducted using the comparison method with the nearest EU country – Poland. The analysis of indicators of the development of the dairy industry was carried out on the basis of the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Poland, Eurostat, and Statista company using methods of relative values, a series of dynamics.
 Results. Analysis of the dynamics of the main dairy industry indicators in Ukraine revealed a long-term trend towards a decrease in milk production volumes. During 1990–2021, the volume of milk production decreased by 3 times, and the number of cows decreased by 5 times. Since 2020, the dairy industry has shifted from being export-oriented to becoming dependent on imports. On the other hand, Poland, which is geographically and climatically close to Ukraine, shows the opposite dynamics of the dairy industry development. Studying the functioning of the dairy sector in Poland revealed a high level of state financial support and fiscal stimulation. The study shows that the financial support of the dairy industry of Ukraine is noticeably insufficient, and the fiscal stimulation provided is inadequate. Moreover, the efficiency of managing budget funds is low. The situation is further complicated by the ongoing military aggression from russia. Considering the constraints of state funding, it is suggested that the array of instruments for supporting animal husbandry should be tailored based on the scale of entrepreneurial entities involved; differentiation in the provision of state support should also apply to agricultural producers in the de-occupied territories. In order to fully and promptly manage the amount of financing, it is necessary to speed up the procedure for distributing funds between areas and approving financial documentation; it is expedient to consider the possibility of payments for the keeping dairy cattle for small business entities without the need for coordination with the main manager of funds.
 Originality / scientific novelty. The obtained results allow a deeper investigation of the main development issues of the Ukrainian dairy industry in the pre-war period and under martial law in the context of further European integration.
 Practical value / implications. The study’s findings can be the basis for further scientific research in the direction of developing a comprehensive set of measures to stimulate Ukraine’s dairy industry. This is of particular importance in the post-war period promoting the restoration of food security.

Cardiovascular diseases in Ukraine: results of a retrospective analysis of the morbidity and current problems of its monitoring

Annotation. Monitoring the population's morbidity is an essential component of effective public health management and the healthcare system. The study aimed to conduct a retrospective analysis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity in Ukraine and its regions for the years 2010-2017, as well as to compare it with European and European Union countries. The study utilized data from the Medical Statistics Center of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, obtained from state statistical reporting forms (form No. 12) and analyzed using statistical methods. The regional differentiation of primary morbidity and prevalence indicators of CVD in Ukraine was assessed using the amplitude of regional distribution, upper and lower quartiles, and the coefficient of regional variation. A comparison of age-standardized CVD morbidity indicators in Ukraine with European and European Union countries for the years 2010-2019 was based on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) international epidemiological study, updated for 2019. It was found that in 2017, over 22 million adult residents in Ukraine suffered from CVD, with more than 1.7 million new cases of CVD registered annually among the adult population. CVD ranked first in the prevalence of diseases among the adult population (with a relative share of 37.4%) and second in the structure of primary morbidity (10.3%). Age-standardized rates of primary CVD morbidity in Ukraine exceeded similar indicators in European countries by 1.6 times and in EU countries by 1.9 times, and this significant gap was primarily due to high national rates of ischemic heart disease and stroke. In Ukraine, there is significant territorial differentiation in the levels of CVD morbidity and prevalence (coefficients of regional variation exceeding 20%). The study identified regions with consistently high levels of CVD morbidity. The unfavorable epidemiological situation regarding CVD in Ukraine necessitates the development and implementation of comprehensive state and regional interdisciplinary prevention programs, taking into account positive European experience in CVD control. Solving the problem of preventing CVD morbidity is impossible without establishing a modern monitoring and evaluation system of the epidemiological situation regarding CVD at the regional and national levels, which should utilize not only information on hospitalization, disability, and mortality due to CVD but also revitalize data collection and synthesis on CVD incidence, prevalence, and risk factors at a new methodological level, using modern information technologies.

Comparative analysis of the consumption of antidepressants in Ukraine, Estonia and Norway

Due to modern living conditions, the number of patients suffering from chronic depression is increasing every year. Antidepressants (AD) are one of the most popular drugs. In recent years, the demand for AD has increased in many countries of the world. The analysis of trends in the level and structure of AD consumption in Ukraine compared to other countries is relevant.
 The aim. The purpose of the study was to study the assortment of AD in Ukraine for 2020-2021, as well as to analyze the volume and structure of AD consumption compared to similar data for Estonia and Norway.
 Materials and methods. Marketing analysis of the range of drugs on the market and ATC/DDD-methodology were used to study the volume of drug consumption. The analysis of the assortment and consumption volumes of AD was carried out according to the data of the State Register of Medicinal Products of Ukraine and the analytical company "Proxima Research"/"Morion". Calculations of consumption volumes were made according to the ATC/DDD methodology in terms of DDDs per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID). The obtained results of the level and structure of AD consumption were compared with similar data on the official resources of the State representatives of medicinal products of Estonia and Norway.
 Results. The obtained results showed that ADs in Ukraine during 2020-2021 were represented by 19 INNs, mostly drugs of foreign manufacturers. The pharmaceutical market was dominated by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It was established that the consumption of AD among the population of Estonia exceeded the indicators in Ukraine by 12.2-13.6 times, and in Norway by 18.2-21.6 times. The leader in terms of consumption in the three studied countries was a representative of the SSRI group escitalopram, but its consumption in Estonia and Norway was higher than in Ukraine, respectively, by 7.7-9.4 times and by 16.8-21.3 times.
 Conclusions. A significant difference in AD consumption may indicate that in Estonia and Norway, a greater number of patients with chronic depression seek medical help and receive pharmacotherapy than in Ukraine

ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF TRADE WITH POLAND ON UKRAINE'S ECONOMIC GROWTH

The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of Ukrainian-Polish trade in goods on the economic growth of Ukraine. The tasks of the study include an analysis of the dynamics and structural changes in Ukraine's trade in goods with Poland, an assessment of the impact of the main indicators of the volume of trade with Poland on Ukraine's economic growth, and a study of the relationship between the indicators of Ukraine's economic growth and changes in the volume of exports and imports of the main groups of goods in trade with Poland. In the course of the research, the method of regression analysis was used to determine the influence of the total volume of exports and imports and the product structure of bilateral trade on the economic growth of Ukraine. As a result of the regression analysis, the dependence of Ukraine's economic growth on imports of goods from Poland was revealed, and the impact of changes in the volume of Ukraine's exports of goods on Ukraine's economic growth was statistically insignificant. The study confirmed the dependence of Ukraine's economic growth on changes in the volume of iron ore exports to Poland and imports of cosmetic industry products from Poland. A statistically insignificant influence of exports and imports of other main groups of goods in trade with Poland on Ukraine's economic growth was found. In the period of post-war reconstruction, the deepening of Ukrainian-Polish cooperation in the implementation of joint infrastructure and industrial projects, which provide for the establishment of production of necessary products using materials and components imported from Poland, can become an important component of the economic growth of Ukraine.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА У ЧЕРНІГІВСЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ

Agriculture, without a doubt, can be considered one of the most important sectors of the national economy of Ukraine. Moreover, as indicated in specialized economic literature, "the agricultural sector is becoming the main budget-forming sphere of the Ukrainian economy" [3, p. 5]. This makes the problems of its further dynamic development, ways, and time for their resolution particularly relevant. The article is characterized by the following features. Firstly, it is based on the analysis of purely statistical data on the dynamics of agricultural production in the Chernihiv region, mostly for the period from 2010 to 2020, with their annual specification for the last 5 years. In this regard, it is considered necessary to pay separate attention to the following aspects: A) As far as we know, a feature of the mentioned region is that it has the highest proportion of enterprises in the total volume of agricultural production; if in Ukraine as a whole it is at the level of 64.6%, then in Chernihiv region it is within 82.2%, so choosing the agricultural sector of the economy in the mentioned region as the subject of research was not accidental. It is quite reasonable, perhaps, that with the consideration of the trends that have taken place in the agricultural sector of Ukraine in recent years, the agricultural sector of Chernihiv region is a kind of flagship, which only strengthens the interest in studying its specifics. B) To some extent, an exception is that data on changes in the structure of production of the most important types of agricultural products were considered in an expanded version, for the period from 2000 to 2020. Moreover, their consideration was isolated, with a division into the production of plant and animal sub-sectors separately in each of the main groups of agricultural producers today (including farms). In this regard, a vivid illustration of the changes that have taken place in agriculture in Chernihiv region in the specified period is, in particular, their specification in the structure of meat production by its types (see fig. 1). On the other hand, one of the most important, if not the main, features of the proposed article is the consideration of the dynamics of development of the main groups of goods producers today, such as agricultural enterprises and peasant farms; the dynamics of development of individual farms in this case was not separately considered, although given that in Chernihiv region, farms of this type accounted for approximately 1/10 of the volume of agricultural production, this is one of the highest indicators in Ukraine. The dynamics of agricultural production for the period from 2010 to 2020, as already mentioned, was considered as a whole and in terms of its main components, that is, the mechanics of changes that took place in the production structure during the period were studied. With the above in mind, it is also necessary to separately consider the dynamics of such components of agricultural production as crop production and animal husbandry in each of the main groups of goods producers. In this regard, it remains to add that based on the data presented in tables 2, 3, and 4, it would be possible to significantly expand the range of additional information, in particular, to separately study the specifics of the dynamics of development of the main sub-sectors of agriculture, such as crop or animal husbandry. This is, in general, the essence of the proposed article.

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The article is devoted to the issue of prosecution for corruption criminal offenses committed during the legal regime of martial law, as well as prevention of these offenses. The relevance of the problem, as well as the object and subject of the research are outlined. Various sources were used for the analysis, including legislative acts, scientific publications and reports. The article provides a rationale for the most important task of Ukrainian society in the conditions of a full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine, namely, the preservation of statehood and territorial integrity, taking into account the challenges that came with the war, and is a serious problem of the stability and security of society, a threat to the stability of legal institutions, democratic values and the rule of law. Special attention is drawn to corruption, which to this day remains one of the most complex and still unsolved problems in Ukraine, and also, along with war, serves as a threat to the security stability of the state, the development of democracy and the preservation of ethical values. The rationale for the need to introduce the best international practices, standards and rules, which will allow strengthening the legal and regulatory regimes in the fight against corruption, as well as preserve the gains made by Ukraine in the prevention of corruption in peacetime, is presented. Further steps in the fight against corruption are proposed, which consist in realizing the need for a maximum revision of regulatory acts through the prism of the existing situation, and developing a basis for effective post-war legislation with the aim of not bringing corruption to a permanent level, but realizing its destructive effect. The article also considers ways of systematizing the current legislation regarding the approach to understanding corruption crimes and responsibility for them during the legal regime of martial law. In addition, the article reflects the dynamics of anti-corruption indicators in Ukraine in recent years and the development of state anti-corruption institutions.

Сучасний стан пенсійного страхування в Україні

The current state of pension insurance in Ukraine constantly requires additional research that would update its development indicators, reveal new trends in its development, justify the feasibility of its reform, and take into account the influence of various factors. The purpose of the study is that based on the assessment of the current state of the pension insurance system in Ukraine, it is necessary to identify the main problems of its development and substantiate practical recommendations on the directions of reforming the social policy of the state regarding pension provision. The compulsory state pension insurance indicators in Ukraine, conducted by the Pension Fund of Ukraine for 2018-2022, were evaluated, which revealed the main trends of development and outlined the main problems. The performance indicators dynamics of non-state pension funds in Ukraine over the past five years has been investigated, trends in the development of accumulative non-state pension insurance have been outlined. The life insurance market in Ukraine is investigated and the voluntary pension insurance indicators are analyzed separately, which provides for the achievement by the insured person of the retirement age determined by the contract. The bank deposits dynamics of households in Ukraine as the potential of additional pension provision of the population is considered. It is proposed to motivate by the state creating corporate non-state pension funds. The practice spread of concluding pension insurance contracts with insurance companies by employers would create an additional source of pension payments and reduce the financial burden on the budget of Ukraine. The existing proposals for reforming pension insurance in Ukraine will contribute to increasing the confidence of the country’s population in both state pension provision and non-state pension insurance.

Капітальні інвестиції як базова передумова інвестиційної безпеки держави

The importance of research on the investment security of the state to prevent hazards and overcome existing threats in this area is growing significantly in modern conditions. Despite significant scientific research on this issue, one of the main problems in the investment security system of the state remains the provision of financial resources for capital investments on the scale of the national economy. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to reveal the role of capital investment as a basic prerequisite among the main elements of the state’s investment security system to develop the mechanism of its provision further. To achieve the goal, the authors used such methods and techniques of the theory of cognition as analysis and synthesis, comparison, statistical analysis, and a systematic approach. The genesis of the concept of economic security in the views of Ukrainian scientists has been studied. Threats and indicators of Ukraine's investment security have been identified. The basic elements of the investment security system of the state were revealed. The conducted research proves that the mechanism of ensuring investment security of the state is based on retrospective indicators, therefore it allows to react to adverse or crisis conditions of the economy with a delay. To guarantee the investment security of the state in the current regime, it is necessary to focus efforts on ensuring its prerequisites. After all, these prerequisites make it possible to preemptively guarantee the state of the economic system, which is resistant to the influence of internal and external factors that create threats even before their manifestation. The most critical for Ukraine from the list of prerequisites for investment security are the availability of financial resources for capital investments and an effective mechanism for transforming financial resources into capital investments. Prospects for further research are the development of an investment security mechanism, where a key role is assigned to depreciation policy at the national level in mobilizing financial resources to ensure the investment process.

Current trends in the military-industrial integration of the EU countries and implications for Ukraine

In the face of common security challenges, the issue of protecting civilised countries from external military aggression is of utmost importance for the entire European continent. The research aims to analyse the existing integration processes in Europe and extrapolate them to the military-industrial complex of Ukraine since the Ukrainian state is an outpost of the European Union, where the entire range of modern military technologies is used. The objectives of the study are to identify trends in the military industries of the leading European countries and to assess the prospects for their further integration in the context of the current external military aggression. The key indicators were collected and analysed using statistical and regression analysis, as well as the longitudinal method. The study provided results on the development of defence spending in individual countries, data on the participation of EU countries in joint projects, the scope of sanctions imposed on the aggressor country, indicators of Ukraine's participation in the common customs area, and the volume of military assistance from partner countries. The analysis of the data led to the conclusion that the defence capability of both Ukraine and the entire European Union has significantly improved. It was also found that the replacement of outdated Soviet standards with modern Western ones has led to a significant increase in defence capabilities. In addition, the study found that the unjustified armed aggression against Ukraine strengthened relations between the countries of the European Defence Agency and gave them an impetus to develop collective defence capabilities and conclude joint agreements involving military-industrial complexes. From a practical point of view, the obtained indicators of changes on the continent made it possible to draw conclusions about the directions of further integration and to correct the identified shortcomings

РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ МІНЕРАЛЬНО-СИРОВИННІ БАЗИ – КЛЮЧОВИЙ ФАКТОР У ВІДБУДОВІ УКРАЇНИ У ВОЄННИЙ І ПОВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОДИ

In the study, an analysis of the regional components of the mineral and raw material base of Ukraine was carried out, and its structure was determined. Regions were analyzed according to a number of basic characteristics: the intensity of subsoil use, minerals production, the level of geological study, the level of industrial development of explored mineral reserves, and the presence of strategically important minerals. It was determined that the main disadvantage of individual regional components of the mineral raw material base is the uneven distribution of reserves and inferred resources, as well as the asymmetric distribution of consumers of mineral raw materials. The changes in the regional structure of the mineral and raw material base of Ukraine were analyzed and directions for their optimization were determined in order to achieve balanced indicators of development. The results indicate significant differences in the structure of the mineral base of individual regions. The number of mineral deposits varies significantly – from ≈100 to ≈700, exploited deposits – from 35 to ≈300. The average values of these indicators in Ukraine are 348 and 130 objects. The average rate of objects involved in industrial development by region is 37%. Characteristics such as the structure of explored reserves by type of minerals and the size and quality of reserves are determined. In order to provide the regions with construction materials and fuel resources in a timely and continuous manner, an up-to-date reassessment of the regional mineral and raw material bases is necessary, taking into account the damages and violations that occurred as a result of military operations, and with the assessment of modern needs and opportunities of the damaged infrastructure.

DYNAMICS OF MISCARRIAGE AMONG THE FEMALE POPULATION OF FERTILE AGE IN UKRAINE AND IN LVIV REGION IN 2014-2021

Aim. The research aims at rationalizing of the epidemiological component in the process of developing a model for preventing miscarriage among the female population of Ukraine.
 Materials and Methods. A retrospective analysis of the indicators of miscarriage among the female population of Ukraine and Lviv region for the period from 2014 to 2021 was carried out. Statistical data of the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine were used, namely Form No. 21 "Report on medical care for pregnant women, women in labor and women giving birth". The study uses the methods of a systemic approach and structural-logical analysis, medical-statistical analysis, namely the calculation of chain (relative to the previous year) indicators of a dynamic series: absolute growth, growth rate and increment rate.
 Results and Discussion. A decrease in the female population of fertile age by 13.03% in Ukraine and by 5.81% in Lviv region was noted in the analyzed period of 2014-2021, while the number of spontaneous abortions in Ukraine decreased by an average of 3.45% per year, and grew in Lviv region in 2015, 2018, 2019 and 2020 by 5.72%, 6.87%, 19.29% and 6.59%, respectively. The rates of spontaneous abortions per 1,000 women of fertile age in Lviv region were twice as low as in Ukraine. Over the analyzed 8-year period, the share of premature children among all live births increased from 4.68% to 5.68% in Ukraine, and from 4.18% to 5.65% in Lviv region, respectively; these indicators in Lviv region were smaller compared to the indicators in Ukraine. The share of premature babies among stillbirths averaged 63.07% in Ukraine and 67.69% in Lviv region, had a growing trend, and the indicators in Lviv region were higher every year compared to the indicators in Ukraine. The ratio of the total rate of miscarriage to the total number of pregnancies (cases of miscarriage per 100 pregnancies) increased from 5.50 in 2014 to 6.22 in 2021 in Ukraine and from 3.57 to 4.72 in Lviv region respectively.
 Conclusions. There was a trend of annual increase in the index of the ratio of the total miscarriage rate to the total number of pregnancies, the share of prematures from the total number of live births and the share of premature births from the number of stillbirths in the analyzed 8-year period, both in Ukraine and in Lviv region. The analyzed indicators of the share of premature newborns from the total number of live births in Lviv region were lower every year, and the share of newborns from the total number of stillbirths was higher compared to the average annual indicators in Ukraine. The dynamics of spontaneous abortions showed a clear trend towards an annual decrease in Ukraine and their increase in 2015, 2018-2020 in Lviv region. The rate of spontaneous abortions among women of fertile age in Lviv region from 2014 to 2021 was annually half as low compared to the average annual levels of this indicator in Ukraine.

Possibilities of post-war economic recovery using creative industries

In recent years, a fundamentally new concept of social and economic development has been actively developing in the world, which puts creativity and cultural resources at the forefront of the modern, post-industrial economy. This innovative sector is called the creative economy. The high growth rates of the creative economy (from 3% to 17.6%) are four times higher than the growth rates of industrial production. This concept can also be used in crisis situations to achieve a rapid growth rate of economic indicators. The article highlights the possibilities of using creative industries in post-crisis situations and the post-war recovery program, outlines the signs of a "creative city". The indicators of Ukraine among countries with transition economies in the Global Index of Creativity and the Global Index of Innovation, as well as the possibility of building creative spaces on the basis of destroyed or abandoned premises, were analyzed. The subject of the research is the analysis of the place of creative industries in the post-war economy. The goal is to identify opportunities for the involvement of creative industries in the post-crisis recovery of the economy. The task: to outline the place and features of the development of creative industries in the country's economy, to analyze post-crisis recovery programs involving the creative sector, to define the main elements of a "creative city" and to classify innovative transformations of historical objects. General scientific research methods are used: analysis and synthesis, descriptive, systemic, comparative and structural analysis. During the study, the following results were obtained: the possibilities of using creative industries in post-crisis situations and post-war recovery programs were revealed. Conclusions: the expediency of involving creative industries in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine in order to ensure sustainable development of the economy and rapid recovery from the crisis situation is substantiated.