Indicator Of Visceral Adiposity Research Articles

Association between visceral adiposity index and incidence of diabetic kidney disease in adults with diabetes in the United States

Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a reliable indicator of visceral adiposity. However, no stu-dies have evaluated the association between VAI and DKD in US adults with diabetes. Theref-ore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between them and whether VAI is a good pr-edictor of DKD in US adults with diabetes. Our cross-sectional study included 2508 participan-ts with diabetes who were eligible for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to an-alyze the association between VAI level and DKD. Three models were used to control for pot-ential confounding factors, and subgroup analysis was performed for further verification. A tot-al of 2508 diabetic patients were enrolled, of whom 945 (37.68%) were diagnosed with DKD. Overall, the VAI was 3.36 ± 0.18 in the DKD group and 2.76 ± 0.11 in the control group. VAI was positively correlated with DKD (OR = 1.050, 95% CI 1.049, 1.050) after fully adjusting for co-nfounding factors. Compared with participants in the lowest tertile of VAI, participants in the highest tertile of VAI had a significantly increased risk of DKD by 35.9% (OR = 1.359, 95% CI 1.355, 1.362). Through subgroup analysis, we found that VAI was positively correlated with the occurrence of DKD in all age subgroups, male(OR = 1.043, 95% CI 1.010, 1.080), participants wit-hout cardiovascular disease(OR = 1.038, 95% CI 1.011, 1.069), hypertension (OR = 1.054, 95% CI 1.021, 1.090), unmarried participants (OR = 1.153, 95% CI 1.036, 1.294), PIR < 1.30(OR = 1.049, 95% CI 1.010, 1.094), PIR ≧ 3 (OR = 1.085, 95% CI 1.021, 1.160), BMI ≧ 30 kg/m2 (OR = 1.050, 95% CI 1.016, 1.091), former smokers (OR = 1.060, 95% CI 1.011, 1.117), never exercised (OR = 1.033, 95% CI 1.004, 1.067), non-Hispanic white population (OR = 1.055, 95% CI 1.010, 1.106) and non-Hipanic black population (OR = 1.129, 95% CI 1.033, 1.258). Our results suggest that elevated VAI levels are closely associated with the development of DKD in diabetic patients. VAI may be a simpl-e and cost-effective index to predict the occurrence of DKD. This needs to be verified in furt-her prospective investigations.

The effect of the visceral adiposity index on the severity of COVID-19 disease: results of a cross-sectional study.

Obesity has been identified as a contributing factor that exacerbates the severity of COVID-19 and is associated with an increased risk of mortality among hospitalized patients. Assessing visceral adipose tissue cannot be solely determined by obesity and body mass index (BMI) alone. In our study, we investigated the relationship between the visceral adiposity index (VAI) and the clinical severity of COVID-19. A total of 315 adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were included in the study. The cohort consisted of 146 male patients, and the median age was 60 (48-74) years. Comparative analyses were conducted to evaluate gender-based differences in VAI levels and the impact of VAI on the extent of radiological lung involvement. The median VAI level was significantly higher in women compared to men (6.1 vs. 4.0, p<0.001). Furthermore, patients with radiologically severe lung involvement demonstrated a higher median VAI level compared to those with mild involvement (5.7 vs. 4.2, p=0.003). This difference was particularly notable among male patients, where the median VAI level was significantly higher. Logistic regression analysis revealed that each integer increase in the median VAI value was associated with a 1.1-fold (1.01-1.14) increase in the severity of radiological lung involvement (p=0.011). Our study highlights a significant correlation between VAI and the clinical severity of COVID-19, particularly among male patients. The findings suggest that VAI, as an indicator of visceral adiposity, holds potential as a valuable tool for assessing COVID-19 severity and identifying high-risk individuals, particularly males.

Is waist-calf circumference ratio associated with frailty in older adults? Findings from a cohort study

BackgroundThe waist-calf circumference ratio (WCR) has been suggested as a potential indicator of visceral adiposity. Nevertheless, the relationship between WCR and the risk of frailty remains unclear. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the association between WCR and longitudinal changes in WCR with frailty risk in older adults.MethodsWe included 2359 participants aged ≥ 65 years without frailty (frailty index [FI] ≤ 0.21) from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in the 2014 wave. The follow-up was conducted in 2018. We investigated the relationship of WCR, waist circumference (WC), and calf circumference (CC) with frailty using both the Cox proportional hazards model and the generalized estimating equation (GEE).ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 4.0 years, 668 (28.2%) frailty occurred. Those with higher WCR and WC had a significantly increased risk of frailty (fifth quintile compared with first quintile: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24–2.04 for WCR; HR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.27–2.24 for WC), whereas those in the fourth quintile of CC had a lower likelihood of developing frailty compared to those in the first quintile (HR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.50–0.89). Interaction analyses showed that the effects of WCR on frailty were more pronounced in females (P-interaction = 0.016). GEE analyses revealed that increased WCR and WC were associated with a higher risk of frailty (odds ratio [OR] = 1.74, 95% CI 1.43–2.12 for WCR; OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.02–1.04 for WC), while CC showed opposite results (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.97).ConclusionsA higher WCR and WC, as well as a lower CC, were significantly associated with higher frailty. Of these measures, WCR demonstrated the strongest association with frailty, suggesting that having a combination of high central fat and low lean body mass may increase the risk of developing frailty.

The Importance of Uric Acid High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio As an Indicator of Visceral Adiposity

Objective: A number of anthropometric measurements are being developed to detect metabolic risks in overweight and obesity. Our purpose is to investigate the relationship of visceral adipocyte index (VAI), which is useful as a marker of adipocyte dysfunction with the ratio of uric acid to high-density lipoprotein ratio (UHR), an inflammatory marker, considering body mass index groups and accompanying metabolic syndrome (MetS). Material and Methods: In all, 509 female participants aged 18-60 years, admitted to the Outpatient Department of Endocrinology, Erzurum Training, and Research Hospital, were involved in this study. Our study group consisted of 409 patients (63 overweight, 202 obese, and 144 morbid obese) and 100 healthy controls. Anthropometric measurements, including height, weight, and waist circumferences, were measured, and VAI values were calculated for all participants. All subjects had been tested with biochemistry analysis for lipid profile tests and uric acid. Results: UHR level was significantly elevated in the patient group [10.9 (3.8-30.4%)] compared with the control group [7.29 (3.44-19.3 %)]. The highest UHR level was found in the morbid obese group, 12.3 (5.8-30 %), and the lowest UHR level was in the overweight group [8.63 (3.8-17 %)]. A moderately strong positive correlation was found between VAI and UHR in both patient and control groups, and the strongest correlation was found in the overweight group (r=0.586, R2=0.319). In addition, the UHR level was 12.2 (6-30%) in the patient group with MetS and 9.7 (3.8-23%) in the patients without MetS. Conclusion: Since the BMI is insufficient regarding prognosis and obesity-related mortality, it should be supported with VAI, a new anthropometric cardiometabolic risk indicator. UHR might be a sensitive and accurate indicator of visceral fat excess even in the early stages of obesity and MetS.

Visceral adiposity-related dietary patterns and the risk of cardiovascular disease in Iranian adults: A population-based cohort study.

BackgroundVisceral obesity is a significant predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diet may associate with CVD risk through its effects on visceral adiposity. This study aimed to find dietary patterns (DPs) related to indicators of visceral adiposity and to determine whether the DPs were associated with CVD risk.MethodsThis prospective study included 2,496 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) without CVD, who were followed from the third study examination (2005–2008; baseline) to March 2018. DPs at baseline were determined using reduced rank regression (RRR) and partial least squares regression (PLS). The response variables were age and BMI-adjusted waist circumference (WC) and age-adjusted visceral adiposity index (VAI).ResultsTwo and three DPs were retained with RRR and PLS, respectively. The first patterns of each method were mainly characterized by adjusted-WC (RRR: 10.8%, PLS: 8.6%); none of them were associated with CVD risk. The second pattern of RRR and the third pattern of PLS were mainly explained by adjusted-VAI (RRR: 3.3, PLS: 2.1%). After adjusting for CVD risk factors, the hazard ratios [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for CVD in the second and third tertiles of the RRR-pattern 2 were 1.76 (1.15, 2.69) and 1.55 (1.00, 2.43) vs. the first tertile (p-trend: 0.058). This pattern had high positive loadings for non-leafy vegetables, pickled vegetables, fried vegetables, and bread and high negative loadings for eggs, cakes, butter, jam-honey, red meat, poultry, fish, juice, non-fermented dairy, and fruits. Per one SD increase in PLS-pattern 3 score, the risk of CVD was 19% higher (95%CI = 3–38%). This positive association was also observed across tertiles of the pattern (p-trend: 0.032). This pattern was characterized by high intakes of leafy vegetables, non-leafy vegetables, organ meat, soft drinks, olive oil, pickled vegetables, fried vegetables, and bread and low intakes of biscuits, cakes, butter, eggs, and non-fermented dairy.ConclusionFor each of the RRR and PLS approaches, a visceral-related DP that was positively linked to CVD was identified. These two patterns had a modest correlation. The pattern generated by PLS explained more variations in food groups and offered stronger evidence of association with CVD than the RRR-derived pattern.

Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerde Aterojenik Plazma İndeksi ile İlişkili Visseral Adipozite İndekslerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Aim: This study was aimed to investigate visceral adiposity indicators and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Material and Methods: A total of 353 adults aged between 18 and 74 years were included in this study. Bodyweight, height, waist, and hip circumference were measured; fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) values were analyzed. Visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), body adiposity index (BAI), body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), and AIP levels were calculated. Results: The study included 116 (32.9%) males and 237 (67.1%) females, with a mean age of 57.8±11.5 years. AIP z-scores were found to be directly related to T2DM (OR, 5.03; 95% CI: 1.95-13.01), while VAI z-scores were less associated with T2DM (OR, 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03-1.18). According to the ROC curve analysis, although the area under the curve (AUC) is weak to distinguish diabetic patients with VAI, LAP, and AIP, it is statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.001, AUC: 0.619, cut-off= 5.1, 95% CI: 0.561-0.677; p=0.007, AUC: 0.583, cut-off= 63.2, 95% CI: 0.523-0.642; and p=0.001, AUC: 0.606, cut-off= 0.4, 95% CI: 0.547-0.665, respectively). Conclusion: VAI, LAP, and AIP are strong predictors of diabetes, AIP is a better predictor of predicting diabetes than VAI and LAP.

Visceral Adiposity Index Is Associated with the Increased Syntax Score in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: The visceral adipose tissue excess in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the mechanisms that plays role in the development of coronary atherosclerosis. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between visceral adiposity index (VAI), an indicator of visceral adiposity, and Syntax score (SxS), a predictor of the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) and type 2 DM. Methods: A total of 253 patients with SAP and type 2 DM were included in this cross-sectional study. The patients were divided into three risk groups (low risk <22, 32 ≥ intermediate risk ≥22, high risk ≥33) according to the SxS based on invasive coronary angiography. Several adiposity indexes such as body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body adiposity index (BAI), and lipid accumulation product index (LAPI) were calculated using relevant formulas. In addition, VAI scores for each patient were calculated. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups for WHtR, BAI, and LAPI. WHR was found significantly lower in the low SxS group (P = 0.0038), and VAI was found significantly higher (P = 0.021) in the high SxS group. Besides, in multivariate logistic regression analysis, the VAI (odds ratio: 2.455; 95% confidence interval: 1.244-4.845; P = 0.010) was an independent predictor of high SxS. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, VAI with an optimal cutoff value of 2.048 predicted the severe coronary lesion with a sensitivity of 60.8% and a specificity of 61.5%. Conclusion: This study showed that VAI was an independent predictor in estimating CAD severity in patients with SAP and type 2 DM.

Sarcopenic obesity defined by visceral adiposity was associated with osteoporotic vertebral fracture.

Previous studies have reported that the fracture risk related to sarcopenic obesity (SO) may be influenced by the distribution of fat mass. Therefore, it is useful to explore a body component suitable for defining obesity when predicting fracture risk. This study was an attempt to explore the contribution of SO defined by visceral adiposity on the incidence of osteoporotic fracture. We enrolled 736 Chinese patients aged > 60 years in this prospective study. Sarcopenia was defined as low skeletal muscle index (SMI) with muscle strength or low SMI with low physical performance. Obesity was categorized as follows: (1) android to gynoid ratio (A/G ratio, men > 0.82, women > 0.65) as an indicator of visceral adiposity; (2) body fat percentage (men > 27.8%; women > 34.5%); and (3) body mass index (≥ 25 kg/m2). A Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine the association between SO and the risk of osteoporotic fracture. The incidence of SO was 8.7%; 9.0% in females and 8.1% in males. Of 223 (30.2%) patients with self-reported fractures. SO classified by A/G was associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic vertebral fracture (HR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.07-2.72). High SMI was associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic vertebral fracture (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72-0.93), higher BMI was associated with a higher risk vertebral fracture (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 0.94-1.63), and higher A/G ratio was associated with a higher risk of any fracture (HR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.14-1.43) and osteoporotic vertebral fracture (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.36). Our findings suggest that SO, defined by visceral adiposity, was associated with the risk of osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Moreover, low SMI, low muscle strength and visceral adiposity were independently associated with osteoporotic fracture.

Visceral adiposity indicators and cardiovascular risk in hemodialytic patients.

Cardiovascular diseases represent the main cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and association of the hypertriglyceridemia-waist phenotype (HWP) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) with cardiometabolic risk factors (CR) in patients with CKD on hemodialysis (HD). The study is based on a cross-sectional design with 265 HD patients in two cities in northeastern Brazil. The VAI was calculated considering the variables body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). HWP was defined as the concomitant elevation of WC and TG. The Poisson Regression Model with robust variance estimation was adjusted considering a hierarchical approach for explanatory variables. Prevalence ratios (PR) were also estimated. The level of significance adopted was 5%. In our study HWP and VAI prevalence's were 29.82% and 58.49%, respectively. In the final model, there was an association between VAI and female gender (PR = 1.46; p < 0.0001) and high body fat (% BF) (PR = 1.33; p < 0.0019). HWP was associated with females (PR = 1.80; p = 0.002), alcohol consumption (PR = 1.58; p = 0.033), obesity (PR = 1.89; p = 0.0001), high %BF (PR = 1.76; p = 0.012) and reduced HDL-c (PR = 1.48; p = 0.035). The HWP stood out as the association with more CR factors, representing a promising method for tracking cardiometabolic risk in HD patients, mainly female.

Anthropometric clinical indicators of visceral adiposity as predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

This study aims to evaluate the role of anthropometric clinical indicators of visceral adiposity as predictors of NAFLD, identifying the cutoff points based on gender. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in patients with or without NAFLD. Waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), Conicity Index (C Index), and lipid accumulation product (LAP) were evaluated. A total of 107 individuals were evaluated, of which 46.7% were diagnosed with NAFLD. Individuals with NAFLD presented higher values of WC, BMI, C Index, LAP, and WHtR when compared with those without NAFLD (p<0.05). For the total sample, the indicators WC, BMI, WHtR, LAP, and C Index had an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) above 0.87, with no difference in the prediction of NAFLD in both sexes. WHtR (AUC=0.934) was the indicator of visceral adiposity with the best discriminatory power for NAFLD, followed by LAP (0.919), WC (0.912), C Index (0.907), and BMI (0.877). The anthropometric clinical indicators of visceral adiposity showed high performance, especially the WHtR indicator, as NAFLD predictors.

CHANGES IN EPICARDIAL FAT THICKNESS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION AND PAROXYSMAL FORM OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION

Objective: To evaluate the changes of the epicardial fat thickness in hypertensive patients with paroxysmal form of atrial fibrillation (AF). Design and method: The study involved 80 obese patients with hypertension aged from 38 to 77 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 40 hypertensive patients with paroxysmal form of AF in sinus rhythm and obesity (Group I) and 40 obese patients with hypertension (Group II). There were no significant differences in body mass index between studied groups. All patients had echocardiography to evaluate the epicardial fat thickness (EFT) around the left atrium. Waist circumference, abdominal sagittal diameter, waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios were assessed to evaluate the visceral adiposity. Results: There was a significant increase of anthropometric indicators of visceral adiposity in the group of hypertensive patients with paroxysmal form of AF: the waist-to-hip ratio in I group was 1.37 ± 0.09 and 0.84 ± 0.06 in II group (p = 0.04); the waist-to-height ratio in I group and in II group was 0.8 ± 0.02 and 0.69 ± 0.01 respectively (p = 0.0012); abdominal sagittal diameter in I group and in II group was 37.98 ± 1.26 and 31.85 ± 0.85 respectively (p = 0.03). There was a strong positive correlation between EFT and waist-to-hip ratio in group of patients with hypertension and paroxysmal form of AF (r = 0.583, p = 0.002). Also, there was a positive correlation between EFT and waist-to-height ratio (r = 0.328, p = 0.035) and between abdominal sagittal diameter and EFT (r = 0.673, p = 0.001) in I group. Conclusions: Positive correlations between increased EFT and anthropometric indicators confirms the role of visceral obesity in the development of AF.

Assessment of cardiometabolic risk factors in various phenotypes of masked hypertension

Aim. To assess the relationship of cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with various phenotypes of masked hypertension (MH).Material and methods. The study included 207 men with a median age of 34,6 years [32,3; 36,3] being systematically stressed. All examined patients had normal clinical blood pressure (BP), and there was no history of its increase. We conducted 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), carotid duplex scan with determination of the intima- media thickness (IMT). The levels of total cholesterol (TC), low (LDLC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) were determined. Body mass index, visceral adiposity index, lipid accumulation product index and waist-to-height ratio were calculated. We performed clustering of ABPM data, calculated the odds ratio of association between cardiometabolic risk factors and certain MH phenotypes.Results. MH was diagnosed in 142 (68,6%) patients examined, divided into 3 clusters: systolic-diastolic — SDMH (50,7%), isolated systolic — ISMH (27,5%) and isolated diastolic — IDMH (21,8%). Impaired lipid metabolism, visceral adiposity, IMT increase and atherosclerotic plaques were more often recorded in patients with SDMH and IDMH. The levels of TC, LDL-C and IMT were highest in individuals with IDMH. Odds ratio analysis indicated significant associations of SDMH and IDMH phenotypes with indicators of visceral adiposity, IMT, TG, TC, LDL-C and TG/HDL-Cl.Conclusion. Clustering of ABPM data in individuals with MH and comparing related phenotypes with cardiometabolic risk factors complements their clinical and functional characteristics and can be a useful tool for improving customized prevention and therapy programs.

The use of visceral adiposity variables in the prediction of obstructive sleep apnea: evidence from a large cross-sectional study.

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the ability of visceral adiposity variables [the lipid accumulation product (LAP), the visceral adiposity index (VAI), and the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG)] in predicting obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and to determine the effect of sex on the prediction. A total of 5539 subjects admitted to the sleep center for suspected OSAHS were consecutively recruited from 2007 to 2016. Anthropometric measurements, biological indicators, Epworth sleepiness scale score, and polysomnographic variables were collected. Prediction models for diagnosing OSAHS were established in the test group by logistic regression and verified in the validation group by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. A total of 4703 patients were included in total. LAP and TyG were of moderate diagnostic accuracy for OSAHS, with the diagnostic efficiency differing between men and women. A prediction model was developed that combined visceral adiposity indicators with waist circumstance and the lowest SpO2. The sensitivity of those indicators were both 84% in men and women, respectively, and their specificity were both 90%. In addition, the model was confirmed in the validation group with a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 85% in men and 85% and 84% in women. LAP and TyG were of moderate efficiency in screening for OSAHS. The prediction model provides a simple and practical screening tool for OSAHS.

Associations of vitamin D with novel and traditional anthropometric indices according to age and sex: a cross-sectional study in central southern China.

Vitamin D insufficiency and obesity are recognized as worldwide concerns and have been linked with each other. New anthropometric indices reflect visceral obesity better than traditional anthropometric indices. Our aim was to identify the specific correlations of novel and traditional anthropometric indices with 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations by sex and age. Cross-sectional data on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, clinical characteristics and biochemical measurements were collected for 12,617 Chinese adults. Four traditional anthropometric indices, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and two novel anthropometric indices, body roundness index (BRI) and body shape index (ABSI), were calculated. In both sexes, the mean values of BMI, WC, WHtR and BRI tended to increase with 25(OH)D insufficiency, regardless of adjustment (all P < 0.05). Males with insufficient 25(OH)D had increased odds of obesity (assessed by BMI, WC, WHtR, BRI and ABSI) compared to the odds of males with sufficient 25(OH)D. Females with insufficient 25(OH)D had a higher chance of general obesity (assessed by BMI). Low 25(OH)D status was associated with indicators of obesity only in participants aged 45-64years in both sexes. A inverse association between obesity and lower vitamin D levels was found. Moreover, in addition to BMI, novel indicators of visceral adiposity, such as BRI and ABSI, were associated with lower 25(OH)D serum concentrations in males. The effects of optimizing vitamin D levels in obese Chinese adults need further examination, particularly in middle-aged males. Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Visceral adiposity indicators as predictors of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.

Objective:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the importance of visceral adiposity indicators on metabolic parameters in postmenopausal women.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study included 200 postmenopausal subjects. Postmenopausal women were divided into two groups based on the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as MetS+ and MetS-. Comparisons of clinical and metabolic characteristics were performed between the groups.Results:The current study included 200 postmenopausal women and 63 subjects were diagnosed as having MetS. Postmenopausal women with MetS demonstrated significantly higher values with respect to systolic and diastolic blood pressures, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), triglyceride (TG), lipid ratios, Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA) index, TG glucose (TyG), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP) when compared with women without MetS. Correlation analyses showed that LAP and VAI were positively correlated with waist circumference, WHR, BMI, TG, lipid ratios, TyG and HOMA index, and with each other. LAP was also positively correlated with blood pressures.Conclusion:Visceral adiposity indicators may be useful as predictors of MetS in postmenopausal women.

Evaluation of the appropriate predictive contributor and diagnostic threshold for the cardio-metabolic syndrome in Chinese Uyghur adults

BackgroundSeveral epidemiological studies have suggested that optimal obesity and visceral adiposity indicators and their cut-off values to predict cardio-metabolic risks varied among different ethnic groups. However, few studies have investigated the associations of anthropometric indices with cardio-metabolic risks in Chinese Uyghur adults, and the results were inconsistent.MethodsBetween May and September 2016, a total of 4664 subjects aged ≥18 years old were recruited from Northwest China. Anthropometric indices and cardio-metabolic risk factors were measured by trained personnel. Partial correlation analyses and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations of anthropometric indices with cardio-metabolic risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to compare the abilities of different anthropometric indices to predict cardio-metabolic risk factors, and to determine the optimal cut-off values.ResultsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 39.41% in Uyghur adults from Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Waist circumference (WC) performed better than other obesity indices in predicting the cardio-metabolic risk factors, and the optimal cut-off value of WC to diagnose metabolic syndrome risk factors was 86.50 cm for women and 90.50 cm for men.ConclusionsOur study suggests that WC had the strongest predictive power for identifying cardio-metabolic risks in Xinjiang Uyghur adults. Further well-designed longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Abdominal Obesity Is More Strongly Correlated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea than General Obesity in China: Results from Two Separated Observational and Longitudinal Studies.

Previous studies have reported that obesity can result in or worsen obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, whether abdominal or general obesity indices or visceral adiposity indicators have a stronger association with OSA remains unclear. This cross-sectional study included 4344 patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG) due to suspicion of OSA. We also performed a longitudinal study on 86 patients who underwent bariatric surgery to confirm the relationship between OSA and obesity. Data on overnight PSG parameters, biochemical biomarkers, and multiple anthropometric obesity indices were collected. In the cross-sectional study, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were independently associated with the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) after adjusting for potential confounding factors (additional R2 = 0.232, standardized beta coefficient [Beta] = 0.210; and additional R2 = 0.015, Beta = 0.183, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed similar results, as did stratified analysis of adult males aged ≤ 55years. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis revealed a linear dose-response relationship between OSA and obesity. In the longitudinal study, no significant relationship was found between remission of OSA and improvement in WC and BMI (r = 0.252, p = 0.098; and r = 0.132, p = 0.395, respectively), whereas the change in the visceral adiposity indicator (lipid accumulation calculated according to WC and fasting triglycerides) was significantly correlated with ΔAHI (r = 0.322, p = 0.033). Abdominal obesity, rather than general obesity, appears to play a more important role in OSA.

Correlations between serum concentration of three bone-derived factors and obesity and visceral fat accumulation in a cohort of middle aged men and women

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the interrelationships between three bone-derived factors [serum osteocalcin (OCN), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) levels] and body fat content and distribution, in order to reveal the potential endocrine function of bone in the development of obesity.MethodsWe recruited 1179 people (aged 59.5 ± 6.2 years) from communities in Shanghai. Serum OCN levels were determined using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum FGF23 and NGAL levels were determined using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The abdominal fat distribution, including visceral fat area (VFA), was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Visceral obesity was defined as a VFA ≥ 80 cm2.ResultsSerum OCN levels were inversely correlated with body fat parameters, while FGF23 and NGAL were positively correlated (P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, waist circumference (W) and VFA had a closer relationship with serum OCN, FGF23, and NGAL levels than body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (fat%, all P < 0.05). The risk of visceral obesity significantly increased with higher FGF23 and/or NGAL levels, as well as with reduced OCN levels (all P < 0.05). In addition, serum OCN, FGF23, and NGAL levels were independently associated with visceral obesity (all P < 0.01). The relationships persisted among subjects with normal glucose tolerance or subjects with hyperglycaemia (both P < 0.05).ConclusionsCompared to the indicators of overall adiposity such as BMI or fat%, visceral adiposity indicators (W or VFA) were more closely related to serum OCN, FGF23 and NGAL levels. There was no interaction among the relationship of three bone-derived factors with visceral obesity, which revealed the independent relationship of endocrine function of skeleton with body fat.

LIPC variants as genetic determinants of adiposity status, visceral adiposity indicators, and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index-related parameters mediated by serum triglyceride levels

BackgroundVisceral adiposity indicators and the product of triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose (TyG) index-related parameters are effective surrogate markers for insulin resistance (IR) and are predictors of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. However, their genetic determinants have not been previously reported. Pleiotropic associations of LIPC variants have been observed in lipid profiles and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate LIPC polymorphisms as the genetic determinants of adiposity status, visceral adiposity indicators and TyG index-related parameters.MethodsA total of 592 participants from Taiwan were genotyped for three LIPC single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).ResultsThe LIPC SNPs rs2043085 and rs1532085 were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lipid accumulation product, visceral adiposity index, and TyG index-related parameters [including the TyG index, TyG with adiposity status (TyG-BMI), and TyG-WC index], whereas the rs1800588 SNP was only significantly associated with the TyG index. The associations became nonsignificant after further adjustment for serum TG levels. No significant association was observed between any the studied LIPC SNPs and IR status.ConclusionOur data revealed a pleiotropic association between the LIPC variants and visceral adiposity indicators and TyG index-related parameters, which are mediated by serum TG levels.

Anthropometric indicators of visceral adiposity as predictors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review.

The objective was to critically analyze studies that evaluated the predictive capacity of indicators of visceral adiposity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The bibliographic research was carried out using the electronic database PubMed, LILACS and SciELO, references of selected articles. Although we found few studies, they have already used several indicators of visceral adiposity as waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist-to-height ratio, Lipid accumulation product, Body Shape Index, Body Roundness Index and most them were good predictors of NAFLD. Thus, the anthropometric indicators may contribute for the diagnosis of NAFLD in a simple, low-cost and non-invasive way, allowing early therapeutic measures to prevent the evolution to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.