Poverty Index Research Articles

Pengaruh Pengangguran, Kemiskinan dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Terhadap Upah Minimum di Provinsi BantenTahun 2008-2023

During 2008-2023 , the Banten region experienced various social, monetary, and strategic changes that could affect the minimum wage level for the workforce. In this situation, it is important to distinguish the fundamental elements that affect the minium wage. such as unemployment, poverty, and Human Development Index (HDI).The purpose of this study is to determine how the influence of unemployment, poverty, and Human Development Index on the minimum wage in Banten province period 2008-2023. The Data used in this study is a time series data sourced from BPS Banten 2008-2023. This study uses the method of analysis of multiple linear regression using EVIEWS application. This study provides the results that unemployment (X1), poverty (X2) and Human Development Index (X3) simultaneously (together) significantly affect poverty (Y) in Banten province period 2008-2023.

Assessment of Water Poverty Index (WPI) Under Changing Land Use/Land Cover in a Riverine Ecosystem of Central India

Watershed Development is a very common phenomenon in the river basins in India due to its dynamic and continuously changing nature, which are interconnected via. Land use/land cover (LULC) change and water poverty scenario over time. In the present study, the samples were chosen from seven sampled villages for the Water Poverty Index (WPI) in the upper Tons River Basin. Among them, Ghunwara and Maihar Village exhibit the highest and lowest WPI, i.e., 98.1 and 62.91 out of 100, respectively. This indicates that villages with a high WPI face challenges in their water requirements, regardless of the seasonal river serving the basin area. Conversely, villages with a low WPI can satisfy their water needs solely from the basin. The present analysis of the Upper Tons River Basin suggests that Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) will undergo influences or adjustments at various stages, ultimately affecting agricultural land in the impact region. It also becomes evident that areas with limited land use and land cover (LULC) extensions exhibit lower Water Productivity Index (WPI), primarily due to their reliance on agricultural land. It is observed that alterations, reductions, or modifications in LULC lead to changes in multiple aspects of agricultural land, resulting in noticeable variations in various metrics. The present paper not only evaluates the land use in the Upper Tons River Basin spanning from 2001 to 2021 but also highlights the changing patterns that impact water resources and their utilization capacity. Furthermore, the study estimates the influence of reducing specific features on the distribution of WPI and other LULC parameters. The Upper Tons River Basin faces challenges such as unfavorable rainfall patterns and inadequate planning for irrigation at the fundamental and local levels. Additionally, its geographical location in a rainfed area negatively affects the WPI.

The Influence of Poverty on Students’ Class Engagement in Community Schools of Nepal

The relationship between poverty and education is complex and interdependent. Poverty limits access to quality schools and educational resources, leading to lower academic performance and class engagement. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of poverty on class engagement and assignment submission. A cross-sectional survey method has been applied with a quantitative and positivist philosophical setting. The sample size of five hundred thirty was selected from 20 community schools in Jhapa and Morang through stratified sampling, where poverty identification was based on the Nepal Multidimensional Poverty Index (MMPI), 2021. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, structured observation, and structured interviews, and were analyzed within a logistic regression framework using Stata 18. From the collected data it is discovered that 90 percent of students are far from better learning resources and about 50 percent of students living in poverty have fewer opportunities to correct assignments regularly. The majority of poor students who do not complete homework within the deadline are punished physically. Similarly, more than 70 percent of students living in poverty have no access to interaction and learning support. Similarly, students living in poverty participate less actively in class during the submission and correction of assignments. Poverty-stricken students have not taken full advantage of their educational prospects. The study further suggests that quality education for students living in poverty is possible through the provision of quality educational resources, support to teachers and families, and the implementation of programs that address the specific needs of children.

CAUSALITY OF REGIONAL ORIGINAL INCOME (PAD), REGIONAL EXPENDITURE, POVERTY LEVEL AND ECONOMIC BENEFICTS

This study aims to determine the correlation between Regional Original Income (PAD), regional expenditures, poverty and economic benefits as measured by the level of the Human Development Index (IPM). This data research uses panel data from 23 districts/cities in Aceh in the period 2014-2019. Panel Vector Error Correction Model (PVECM) and panel Granger causality test were used to analyze the data. This study shows that there is a long-term relationship between variables, namely regional spending, poverty, and Human Development Index (IPM). Whereas in the shortterm PAD has no effect on poverty, but PAD does not affect regional spending and has a negative effect on HDI, then regional expenditure is not affected by poverty, but does not have a positive effect on HDI, while it has a negative impact on HDI. The results of the Granger Panel causality test can be found that there is a causal relationship between regional spending and HDI on PAD, while the disease has a one-way relationship with PAD. Then there is also a one-way relationship between regional spending and poverty on HDI, but poverty and HDI have no relationship between the two.

Socio-Economic Impacts of Energy Poverty on Households in Ikorodu Communities, Lagos State, Nigeria

The study investigated the Ikorodu community's energy poverty status by adopting the Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index to assess each sub-community, as it centers on energy poverty. The study used both quantitative and qualitative assessments of data obtained from primary and secondary sources. The primary data was sourced from a questionnaire administered to households while secondary data was sourced mostly from the National Bureau of Statistics’ Nigeria Living Standard Survey (NLSS) dataset. Additional secondary data was obtained from the Lagos State socio-economic data survey which included the Ikorodu subset. The result showed that about half (42%) of the community was energy-poor while more than half (58%) were energy-non-poor. The study revealed energy poverty has a huge impact on the economic development of the studied communities, as there was a positive and significant correlation between energy poverty and educational, health, and economic activities. More specifically, energy poverty reduces social inclusion, diminishes the education level of the residents of the communities, lessens the quality of life and healthcare, and discourages business activities and the establishment of new businesses in the area. Given these findings, the study emphasizes the need for government intervention and public awareness to increase access to electricity through renewable energy sources. Additionally, it recommends promoting- clean and cost-effective energy alternatives to address the pressing issue of energy poverty within the community.

Identification and analysis of influencing factors of multidimensional health poverty in rural areas of Northwest China

Poverty alleviation remains an urgent issue in China’s rural areas, with health poverty being a critical dimension. This study analyzed the multidimensional health poverty status of 9,052 rural residents in Ningxia in 2019 and 7,910 in 2022, aiming to provide a reference for optimizing health poverty alleviation strategies. The A-F dual cutoff method was used to identify and measure multidimensional health poverty through dimensions such as health status, health service utilization capacity poverty, and health spending and security poverty. Logistic regression analysis was further applied to examine the influencing factors of multidimensional health poverty. The results indicate that when the k-value is set at 0.3, the incidence of multidimensional health poverty was 22.3% in 2019 and 7.7% in 2022. The corresponding multidimensional health poverty indices were 0.091 and 0.028, respectively. Furthermore, the level of multidimensional health poverty was higher among women than men. Chronic diseases were identified as a significant indicator of multidimensional health poverty. At the individual level, gender, age, education, government subsidies, family size, housing, and digital divide significantly effected health poverty. Although multidimensional health poverty has improved in rural northwest China, targeted measures remain essential, especially for rural women, individuals with chronic illnesses, and those facing challenges in accessing healthcare and digital connectivity. Sustainable multidimensional health poverty alleviation should prioritize remote rural areas, especially by enhancing healthcare resource utilization for rural women and individuals with chronic diseases. Additionally, increasing medical subsidies for marginalized groups is essential. Improving rural housing conditions, strengthening digital infrastructure, and raising digital health literacy are also critical steps.

Determinants of Multidimensional Poverty: A Study of the Rural District of Madhya Pradesh

In this study, we estimate the determinants of multidimensional poverty in the rural district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The dependent variable is the multidimensional poverty index, a dummy variable based on the deprivation score of households. The probit model is utilised to analyse the model. The results of this study reveal that income, education, and occupation are significant determinants of multidimensional poverty in rural areas. We further classified the dependent variable into poverty and extreme poverty based on deprivation scores and analysed the results. We find that income, age of the household head, and education are significant determinants of extreme poverty. We also utilised OLS estimation and ordered a probit model for robustness checks in this study. These results are also at par with probit estimation. This study helps to understand the cause and dynamics of rural multidimensional poverty in Madhya Pradesh.

Assessing the Foreign Direct Investment Performance of Middle-Income Countries Using Data Envelopment Analysis with Translation Invariance

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a primary vehicle for manufacturing transfer. Middle-income countries can benefit by effectively utilizing FDI to achieve technological development and economic equality and possibly address the middle-income trap issue. This study assessed the FDI performance of ten middle-income countries and examined the statistical relationships between their performance and their contexts: technological development, economic equality, and during the COVID-19 pandemic. For the former, we employed non-radial data envelopment analysis, taking advantage of its translation invariance property to derive efficiency scores; for the latter, we conducted a series of Kruskal–Wallis tests to examine the statistical relationships. According to the analysis results, we found that (a) most countries, except China and India, showed stable efficiency scores over time, (b) their efficiency scores were statistically significantly associated with the level of technological development (indicated by their technology lifecycle-based sigmoid curves) and economic equality (represented by Gini index and poverty indicator); and (c) their efficiency scores were not associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The results imply that to improve their foreign direct investment performance, host countries may need to enhance their absorptive capacity in both the technological and economic domains.

Association between blood lead and periodontitis among American adults: a cross-sectional study of the national health and nutrition examination survey.

Lead is persistent in the environment as a toxic substance and accumulates in the human body. Lead exposure has far-reaching harmful effects on all human systems and is widely recognized as a health and public health concern. Lead exposure poses a significant risk to oral health, as it destroys salivary glands and alveolar bone. It also induces oxidative stress which results in an immune response. Lead exposure appears to adversely affect periodontal tissues. Currently, the available evidence on the relationship between blood lead and periodontitis is insufficient and further research is necessary. In this study, the objectives were to clarify the association between blood lead and periodontitis, as well as to explore potential dose-response relationships between blood lead exposure and periodontitis, as well as to determine appropriate thresholds for the effects of blood lead on periodontitis. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 8,550 participants with American adults aged 30 or older. blood Lead, periodontitis, age, sex, race, heart rate, education level, poverty index, marital status, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, hypertension, diabetes and stroke. were collected from participants. Logistic regression, smooth curve fittingwere utilized to substantiate the research objectives. There were a total of 8,550 participants of which 52.2% (4,467/8,550) had moderate/severe periodontitis. Compared with Q1 (0.15-0.93 ug/L), where blood lead levels were lower, the OR values for adjusted blood lead and periodontitis in Q2 (0.93-1.60 ug/L) and Q3 (1.60-61.29ug/L) were 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12-1.25, P < 0.001) and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.34-1.52, P < 0.001). The association between blood lead levels and periodontitis exhibited a curve (non-linear, P < 0.001), with an inflection point of roughly 2.700ug/L. The OR values for moderate/severe periodontitis in participants with blood lead levels <2.700ug/L was 1.318 (95% CI: 1.193-1.457, P < 0.001). Blood lead levels are positively associated with periodontitis. Blood lead levels increased by five units and were associated with an increase in moderate and severe periodontitis risk by 36%. There is a curvilinear relationship between blood lead and periodontitis with a threshold effect and an inflection point of approximately 2.7ug/L.

Impact of Socioeconomic Deprivation on Care Quality and Surgical Outcomes for Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in United States Veterans.

Background: Socioeconomic deprivation has been associated with higher lung cancer risk and mortality in non-Veteran populations. However, the impact of socioeconomic deprivation on outcomes for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in an integrated and equal-access healthcare system, such as the Veterans Health Administration (VHA), remains unclear. Hence, we investigated the impact of area-level socioeconomic deprivation on access to care and postoperative outcomes for early-stage NSCLC in United States Veterans. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with clinical stage I NSCLC receiving surgical treatment in the VHA between 1 October 2006 and 30 September 2016. A total of 9704 Veterans were included in the study and assigned an area deprivation index (ADI) score, a measure of socioeconomic deprivation incorporating multiple poverty, education, housing, and employment indicators. We used multivariable analyses to evaluate the relationship between ADI and postoperative outcomes as well as adherence to guideline-concordant care quality measures (QMs) for stage I NSCLC in the preoperative (positron emission tomography [PET] imaging, appropriate smoking management, pulmonary function testing [PFT], and timely surgery [≤12 weeks after diagnosis]) and postoperative periods (appropriate surveillance imaging, smoking management, and oncology referral). Results: Compared to Veterans with low socioeconomic deprivation (ADI ≤ 50), those residing in areas with high socioeconomic deprivation (ADI > 75) were less likely to have timely surgery (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.832, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.732-0.945) and receive PET imaging (aOR 0.592, 95% CI 0.502-0.698) and PFT (aOR 0.816, 95% CI 0.694-0.959) prior to surgery. In the postoperative period, Veterans with high socioeconomic deprivation had an increased risk of 30-day readmission (aOR 1.380, 95% CI 1.103-1.726) and decreased odds of meeting all postoperative care QMs (aOR 0.856, 95% CI 0.750-0.978) compared to those with low socioeconomic deprivation. There was no association between ADI and overall survival (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.984, 95% CI 0.911-1.062) or cumulative incidence of cancer recurrence (aHR 1.047, 95% CI 0.930-1.179). Conclusions: Our results suggest that Veterans with high socioeconomic deprivation have suboptimal adherence to care QMs for stage I NSCLC yet do not have inferior long-term outcomes after curative-intent resection. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the efficacy of an integrated, equal-access healthcare system in mitigating disparities in lung cancer survival that are frequently present in other populations. Future VHA policies should continue to target increasing adherence to QMs and reducing postoperative readmission for socioeconomically disadvantaged Veterans with early-stage NSCLC.

Rural–urban analysis of parental time poverty and child over-nutrition in ghana

ABSTRACT This study examines the link between parental time poverty and child body mass index, prevalence of overweight and obsesity. The study relied on data from the seventh round of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS), a nationally representative household level data. Employing the standard instrumental variable (IV) to control for endogeneity indicates that parental time poverty is associated with a higher BMI z-score and higher likelihood of children being overweight and obese, particularly in rural Ghana. Additionally, there is evidence of heterogeneity in the effect of parental time poverty on the prevalence of children being overweight and obese based on income classification and gender. The implications of these findings suggest that interventions aimed at providing labor-saving technologies and improving social and physical environments in rural areas may help reduce parental time poverty and improve child nutrition outcomes.

The pathway to sustainable development: The roles of financial development, technological innovation, and educational development in energy poverty alleviation

AbstractThis paper investigates the dynamics of energy poverty by evaluating the roles played by financial development, technological innovation, and educational development, among other factors. It seeks to identify pathways for sustainable development in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries. Based on recent panel data from 2000 to 2020, this research classified the sample into various income groups for a comparative analysis. A multidimensional comprehensive index of energy poverty was then formulated through principal component analysis (PCA). This study assesses the relationships between variables using a novel panel quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL), ordinary least squares (OLS), panel unit root tests, Kao cointegration tests, and Wald tests. The results of the Kao tests confirm the presence of cointegration among the variables across all income groups and the overall sample. The panel QARDL approach indicates a significant and negative long‐term relationship between financial development and energy poverty across all income groups other than the low‐income countries. Similarly, technological innovation has a negative long‐term association with energy poverty for most groups, with the exception being the upper‐to‐middle‐income countries. Furthermore, educational development negatively influences energy poverty in the long term for all groups other than lower‐middle‐income countries. The findings for the overall sample suggest that financial and educational development are negatively connected with energy poverty in both the long and short term, while technological innovation only has a negative connection in the short term. In addition, the Wald test results revealed time‐varying integration and parameter stability in both the long and short terms.

Role of Financial Development and ICT in Promoting Inclusive Growth in South Asia: Moderating Effects of Governance

The primary purpose of this study is to compute the index for inclusive growth by taking into account the indicators of poverty, income inequality, labor productivity, life expectancy, job creation, and climate. Calculating the index accomplished by the utilization of principal component analysis in order to acquire weights. Further in the study, the influence of financial development, governance, consumption, and economic growth on inclusive growth for selected south Asian economies (Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and Nepal) is measured. The data is gathered from the World Development Index (WDI), the World Governance Index (WGI), the Internet Subscriber Database, and the International Monetary Fund Development Database. Due to the fact that the data spans from the year 2000 to the year 2023 and that missing values are interpolated through the use of trend projection, a fully balanced panel data sheet has been generated. Through descriptive statistic and VIF, prerequisite information is gathered to see the robustness of model. When it came time to make a decision on the unit root testing, the cross-sectional dependency test utilized to seek guidance. According to the findings, there is no evidence of cross-sectional dependency, and the first generation of unit root tests utilized. The stationarity results of mixed order of integration and T&gt;N indicate the use of panel ARDL. Additionally, in order to see the influence that governance has on inclusive growth in connection to financial development, the moderator effect of governance also inquired. Based on the findings, it is concluded that regulatory quality is not playing a significant moderator role of the financial development towards inclusive growth in selected economies of south Asia. Drawing the inferences from the results of the study it is suggested that to expand the financial inclusion by supporting the digital financial services particularly in marginalized areas.

Spatial suitability of urban land use models for poverty alleviation in the cities of Nigeria

Many models depicting the spatial dimensions of poverty are based on cities in developed countries, raising questions about their appropriateness for urban spaces in developing countries. This study evaluates the spatial suitability of these models in understanding poverty distribution and informing alleviation efforts related to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). One in cities of developing nations. A grid sampling technique in ArcGIS 10.8 was used to select 1098 households across 56 wards in three mid-sized Nigerian cities. Household data were collected through structured questionnaires using GeoODK, and Maxar high-resolution imagery was used to assess urban building density. The Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) poverty indices and Pearson correlation were applied for analysis. Results showed that over 29 wards had a poverty incidence and gap index greater than 0.20, while poverty severity remained below 0.20 in most wards. High building density was more prevalent in the city’s interior. Significant correlations were found between the income poverty gap (p = 0.005, r = 0.367), poverty severity (p = 0.009, r = 0.346), and building density. The study concludes that these models are suitable for informing poverty alleviation policies in mid-sized cities of developing countries, especially Nigeria.

Association of the Life's Essential 8 cardiovascular health score with periodontitis among US adults.

To investigate whether cardiovascular health (CVH) is associated with periodontitis. We used data from the 2009 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We quantified CVH using Life's Essential 8, which includes four health behaviours (diet, smoking, physical activity and sleep) and four health factors (body mass index, blood cholesterol, glucose and pressure). We categorized scores as low (0-49), moderate (50-79) and high (80-100). We calculated subscores of health behaviours and factors and categorized them as low, moderate and high. We used logistic regression to assess the association of CVH with periodontitis, adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, poverty index, marital status and health insurance. We computed odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). This study included 9296 adults ≥30 years old. Multivariable-adjusted models showed that subjects with moderate (OR, 0.62; 95% CI: 0.52-0.74) or high (OR, 0.43; 95% CI: 0.33-0.57) CVH had significantly lower odds of periodontitis compared to those with low CVH. These results were consistent in the health behaviours model, but the estimates in the health factors model were not significant. Improving CVH may help prevent periodontitis. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings.

IMPLICATIONS OF ADOPTING WATER POLICY AND CASTE ON MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY: EVIDENCE FROM HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL DATA IN INDIA

This paper attempts to unravel the influence of caste on water poverty while examining the relationship between the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) and the modified water poverty index (MWPI). Additionally, considering the inevitable role of policies in combatting water woes, this paper analyses the impact of drinking water policies. The empirical results show that MWPI significantly impacts MPI, and caste significantly determines both MWPI and MPI. This study also found that drinking water policies significantly influence MWPI and indirectly impact MPI through MWPI.

Socio-Spatial Analysis of Poverty: A Comprehensive Study on Integrating Multidimensional Poverty Indices with Geographic Conditions in Krucil District, Probolinggo, Indonesia

Socio-Spatial Analysis of Poverty: A Comprehensive Study on Integrating Multidimensional Poverty Indices with Geographic Conditions in Krucil District, Probolinggo, Indonesia

Impact of the WELLBASED urban programs on health, well-being, and energy poverty

Abstract Background The WELLBASED project developed and implemented urban programs across six pilot sites to tackle energy poverty. This study aimed to evaluate these programs’ effectiveness on a broad range of health, well-being, and energy poverty indicators. Methods a controlled study was performed in six European pilot sites. Participants in the intervention condition receive the 12-month WELLBASED urban program. Participants were recruited via different methods and provided informed consent to participate in the 18-month study. Self-report questionnaires were completed at baseline, 6-, 12 and 18 months in both research conditions. In the intervention group, monthly health monitoring of e.g. heart rate and blood pressure, and continuous monitoring of indoor CO2, temperature and humidity were performed. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses are performed to assess the impact of the urban programs on health, well-being and energy poverty-indicators Results In the baseline sample (n = 1350; n = 661 intervention group, n = 689 control group) the mean age was 49 years (SD 16), 15.6% was &amp;gt;65 years, 65% were women, and 42% was married. At baseline people reported not feeling comfortable warm in winter (58%) or cool in summer (70%), 43% reported damp or leak. Preliminary findings at 6-month follow-up indicate changes in HR-QoL, subjective well-being and depression/anxiety differ strongly per pilot site location (p &amp;lt; 0.01). In summer 2024 all data will be available for analysis. Conclusions the comprehensive urban programs developed in the WELLBASED project may support public health to tackle energy and improve health and well-being of vulnerable citizens.

The promotion of ultra-processed foods in modern retail food outlets in rural and urban areas in Kenya.

To assess the availability and marketing of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in modern retail food outlets (supermarkets and minimarts) in Kenya and associated factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kenya from August 2021 to October 2021. Variables included; the geographic location and the socioeconomic status levels (SES), the food items displayed for sale and advertised in the stores, and locations in the stores such as the entrance. Three counties in Kenya (Nairobi - urban, Mombasa - coastal tourist, and Baringo- rural). Each county was stratified into high and low SES using national poverty indices. Food outlets that offered a self-service, had at least one check-out, and had a minimum of two stocked aisles were assessed. Of 115 outlets assessed, UPFs occupied 33% of the cumulative shelf space. UPFs were the most advertised foods (60%) and constituted 40% of foods available for sale. The most commonly used promotional characters were cartoon characters (18%). UPFs were significantly more available for sale in Mombasa (urban) compared to Baringo (rural) (Adjusted prevalence rate ratios (APRR): 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00-1.26, p=0.005). UPFs advertisements were significantly higher in Mombasa ((APRR): 2.18: 1.26-3.79, p= 0.005) compared to Baringo and Nairobi counties. There was a significantly higher rate of advertisement of UPFs in larger outlets ((APRR): 1.68: 1.06-2.67 p=0.001) compared to smaller outlets. The high marketing and availability of UPFs in modern retail outlets in Kenya calls for policies regulating unhealthy food advertisements in different settings in the country.

Identifying Poverty Vulnerability Patterns in Indonesia using Cheng and Chruch’s Algorithm

Identifying Poverty Vulnerability Patterns in Indonesia using Cheng and Chruch’s Algorithm