Good Indicator Of Quality Research Articles

444. QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN AFTER ESOPHAGEAL REPLACEMENT

Abstract Introduction For reconstruction of the esophagus in children colon interposition and reconstruction of the esophagus by stomach should are most often used. This work aims to compare the quality of life of patients in these groups to determine the optimal method for esophageal reconstruction in children. Material and methods. For 6 years 167 esophageal replacement was performed at the Filatov Children's Hospital. Of these, 57 children were evaluated for quality of life through a questionnaire, which was carried out when the child was re-admitted for follow-up examinations. All operations were performed by the same team of surgeons. We compiled the questions in the questionnaires specifically for this group of patients, which are shown in the table 1. The questionnaire for children under 14 years of age was completed by parents. Older children 14-year-olds filled out the questionnaire independently. The respondents were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 – 26 children who underwent reconstruction of the esophagus by stomach. The 2nd group included 29 children after colonic interpositions. In terms of gender, age and indications for surgery were comparable in both groups. Patients were interviewed from 6 months to 5 years after surgery. Results Tab. 1 Comparative analysis of results interviewed patients in two groups Despite the fact that esophageal reconstruction by stomach is easier to perform and it is even possible to perform this operation laparoscopically, as can be seen from the table above, children have significantly more problems in many indicators affecting the quality of life. Conclusions Reconstruction of the esophagus by stomach should be used for: reoperations after failed colon interposition; malformations and other pathologies of the colon and the “loose” type of blood supply to the colon. The operation of choice, in our opinion, is colon interposition, which demonstrates the best indicators of quality of life.

Influence of the magnetic field on the shunt resistance of an n+p-p+ silicon solar cell in the frequency modulation

A photovoltaic cell is a device that generates electricity directly from visible light. Several factors affect the conversion efficiency of solar cells. Parasitic resistances such as the shunt resistance is a fundamental parameter of the equivalent electrical model of the solar cell, which induces the leakage current of electrical charges when its value is low. It represents all leakage currents within the solar cell. It is also an indicator of good or poor quality of a solar cell, since a high value indicates low leakage current through the cell, and vice versa. A number of measurement techniques are used to determine the leakage current, in particular electrical current and voltage.

Ecology and Sustainable Conservation of the Nase, Chondrostoma nasus: A Literature Review

Cyprinid fish play a major role in riverine ecosystems because of their high abundance, variety of life-history patterns, and habitat requirements. The nase (Chondrostoma nasus) is an algivorous, rheophilic, lithophilic, and oxyphilic species and is very pollution-sensitive. Thus, it represents a good indicator for habitat quality in the lower rhithral and upper potamal zones of the European river system. Due to its high level of ecological requirements, the species is very sensitive to human disturbance, leading to habitat loss and river fragmentation, climatic disruption causing a modification of hydrological and thermal regimes, organic and inorganic chemical water pollution, as well as sediment deposition. Its populations are declining in most of its distribution areas. This paper aims to synthesise the scientific knowledge on the different aspects of the nase ecology thanks to consultation of the scientific literature by addressing the following themes: European repartition, morphology and identification, reproduction and life cycle, diet, movement dynamics of adults and juveniles, and the characteristics of spawning grounds and habitats of juveniles and adults. We also provide an overview of the impact of human activities and climate shifts on natural ecology and conservation and present restoration measures based on the results of some studies that have successfully improved their habitats and/or preserved their populations. A series of key research questions are identified that should stimulate new research on this species as well as conservation measures for sustainable conservation. This paper may be particularly of interest to researchers in aquatic and fisheries sciences, river managers, and environmental conservationists.

Effectiveness of use zeolite in vegetable growing in the footdown zone of southeast Kazakhstan

Natural zeolite from the Shankanay deposit is effective for use as an additive to mineral fertilizers when growing vegetable crops in the foothill zone of south-east Kazakhstan. Zeolite added to the soil with mineral fertilizers leads to an increase in the water-physical properties of dark chestnut soil. The water permeability of these options has increased noticeably. The use of zeolite and fertilizers helps to increase the mobile forms of nitrate nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The addition of zeolite reduces the concentrations of mobile forms of heavy metals in the dark chestnut soil under study. Thus, the concentration of cadmium in the soil in a 0-20 cm layer under sowing table beets when using 2 tons of zeolite decreased by 50% with a control value of 1.0 mg/kg, which does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration.A positive effect of zeolite fertilizer on the productivity of vegetable crops was revealed, which makes it possible to increase the total yield of table beet roots from 42.8 t/ha in control to 43.3-62.7 t/ha in fertilized variants with an increase in yield from 4.4 t/ha up to 19.9 t/ha. The yield of cabbage was 25.7 t/ha on the control, and increased by 6.5-16.5 t/ha on the fertilized variants. The use of zeolite and fertilizers contributes to the production of vegetables with good and high quality indicators. Application of both zeolite and fertilizers increased the dry matter, sugar and vitamin C content of the studied crops. The amount of nitrates in the products decreased with the addition of zeolite and increased in other variants of the experiment, but did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration. Thus, in the control variant, the nitrate content in cabbage heads was 223 mg/kg wet weight, in the variants with zeolite 2t/ha - 205 mg/kg, in beetroots - 248 mg/kg and 195 mg/kg, respectively.

Разработка хлебобулочных изделий нутриентно-адаптированных для питания спортсменов-легкоатлетов

Proper nutrition of an athlete is an important component of the effectiveness of sports results. An athlete’s daily diet should cover his increased nutrient needs due to heavy physical activity. The purpose of the research was to develop bakery products that were nutrient-adapted to the nutritional requirements of athletes using the example of track and field athletes. The recipe for the new product included wheat flour, oat flour, micellar casein, flaxseed oil, date syrup, and crushed walnut kernels. A study of the influence of new ingredients on the quality of semi-finished products and finished products showed that the addition of oat flour and casein slightly increased the moisture and acidity of the finished products, but the indicators remained within the limits defined by the regulatory documentation for bakery products made from wheat flour. With an increase in the dosage of oatmeal and casein, the products acquired a slight taste of oatmeal; casein had no effect on taste. A new type of bakery product is characterized by good organoleptic and physicochemical quality indicators and has increased nutritional value. Consumption of 100 g of the developed “Fitbulka” bakery product allows you to satisfy the daily need for biologically complete protein by 8.9%, carbohydrates by 5.3%, fat by 7.2%, including polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family by 39.6% and omega-6 by 5.4%. The degree of satisfaction of the daily requirement for minerals increases in comparison with the control sample and amounts to 16.0% for calcium, 13.5% for phosphorus, 17.4% for magnesium, 7.4% for potassium, and 7.5% for iron. Analysis of amino acid score calculations showed that the biological value of the protein fraction of the test sample was 17.6% higher compared to the control. The developed “Fitbulka” bakery product can be recommended for inclusion in the diet of athletes as an additional source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, dietary fiber, protein, calcium and magnesium in the diet.

Effects of some types of organic fertilisers on growth, yield and quality of Cucumis sativus L. grown in Vinh Phuc province under greenhouse conditions

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic fertilisers on the growth, yield, and quality of the Khassib RZ F1 cucumber variety in Vinh Phuc. The one-factor experiment was arranged in a completely randomised block design with 3 replications, including 4 treatments (fertilise for 1 hectare) including: (1) Control: Use 100% inorganic fertiliser (150 kg N + 90 kg P2O5 + 150 kg K2O); (2) CT1: 25% inorganic fertiliser + 22.5 tons of composted chicken manure; (3) CT2: 25% inorganic fertiliser + 18 tons of vermicompost; (4) CT3: 25% inorganic fertiliser + 3750 kg of Que Lam 01 microbial organic fertiliser. The results showed that using earthworm organic fertiliser (CT2) had the highest actual yield. The fruiting rate in CT2 reached the highest at 68.55%, CT3 using Que Lam 01 microbial organic fertiliser had the lowest fruiting rate of 59.71%. CT2 achieved the highest number of fruits plant-1, 4.82 fruits plant-1. The actual yield was highest in CT2 (15.96 kg plot-1), and lowest in the control treatment (11.39 kg plot-1). The nitrate accumulated in cucumbers in all treatments was below the threshold. The vermicompost fertiliser treatment (CT2) also gave good quality indicators of cucumbers such as thick intestine and very crispy taste. From these results, CT2 treatment with 25% inorganic fertiliser and 18 tons of vermicompost is suitable for the growth, development, yield, and quality of the Khassib RZ F1 cucumber variety in Vinh Phuc province.

Discriminating three lab scale dark chocolate bars from fine Cameroon cocoa hybrids using sensorial evaluation and organic acid content.

Previous studies have shown a correlation between chocolate sensory profile and certain (bio)chemical components. The aim of this study was to examine the sensorial profile and organic acid content of three lab scale chocolate brands produced from different cocoa genotypes. The sensorial evaluation was examined by a team of 12 panelists and evaluation of aroma volatiles was done by means of HS-SPME-GC-MS. On the other hand, organic acids were assessed using a high-performance ion chromatography coupled with an electrochemical detector (HPIC-ED). Results showed a variability in sensorial profile: SCA12×ICS40 chocolate (vanilla/sweet, spicy, and floral), ICS40 × SCA12 chocolate (fruity, bitter, and dry) and SNK16 × T60/887 chocolate (chocolate, honey-like, woody, sweet). Moreover, some aroma volatiles like (2-methyl, 3-methyl, iso) butanal (ICS), terpenes (SCA), and ketones (acetophenone and 2-nonanone) (SNK) allowed to discriminate dark chocolate sample according to their raw cocoa genetic group. Besides, the organic acid content differed from one chocolate brand to another, and it was obtained a high content of oxalic acid and a low lactic acid content which are good indicators of chocolate quality. Results of the current study highly recommend knowing the variety of cocoa beans with high content of some volatiles and high oxalic and low acetic acid and lactic contents to produce high aromatic (special flavor) chocolates.

Evaluation of quality indicators in microbiology and infectious disease serology laboratory: A study from a tertiary cancer care centre in Gujarat, India

Introduction: Quality indicators (QIs) are important for the monitoring and evaluation of laboratory performance at pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases. Errors in the laboratory arise more frequently before and after the analysis of samples. The total testing process (TTP) therefore needs to be evaluated for good laboratory performance. A good quality indicator should give information about the performance of a process, thereby governing the quality of services.Objective: To analyse TTP and QIs for a period of six years of screening of laboratory performance.Methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted for the period 2017 to 2022. QIs at pre-analytical (12), analytical (04) and post-analytical (03) phases were defined and analysed on a monthly basis. The laboratory followed the guidelines of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15189:2012 to identify errors in all sections.Results: A total of 259,694 samples were received during the study period. A total of 628,817 tests were performed. The overall error rate was 1.25/1000 tests. Error in the pre-analytic phase was 0.96/1000 tests, the commonest being haemolysed samples. Error in the analytical phase was 0.33/1000 tests. The error of postanalytical phase was 0.48/1000 tests with turn round time (TAT) outliers being the commonest.Conclusion: Amongst all phases of QIs, errors were minimum in the analytical phase. Continuous monitoring and analysis of QIs helps in identification of common errors in the laboratory. Corrective measures will help to improve quality of the laboratory services, and hence the patient outcome. Regular training, evaluation of technical staff, regular preventive maintenance and calibration of all analytical instruments helps in reducing the errors.

Automatic identification of Collembola with deep learning techniques

Collembola are very abundant organisms in soils (several thousand individuals per square meter) and are considered to be good indicators of soil quality. These indicators are mainly based on the number of individuals observed (abundance per square meter of soil), but also the singularity and number of species present (species richness). A limitation that comes with the usage of collembola as an indicator is the complexity of the identification of the species under a microscope, how time-consuming it is, and the morphological similarity between some species. Deep learning approaches have been very successful in the resolution of image-based problems. Still, no work yet exists that uses deep learning in the recognition of collembola on a microscope slide. This could be a valuable tool for experts seeking to use Collembola as a metric on a larger scale. In this work, we explore and evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art deep learning techniques over the identification of Collembola on a new manually annotated dataset.

EFFECTS OF TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) CULTIVATION ON SOIL QUALITY IN THE LAM DONG, VIETNAM

The objectives of the study were to assess soil quality and its relationship to the sustainability of tea cultivation in the Lam Dong, Vietnam. Overall soil quality declined with increasing age of the tea plantations as evidenced by decreases in soil OC, total N, K and S, available P and K, mean weight diameter of aggregates. As well, total P, bulk density and mechanical resistance increased with increasing cultivation intensity. Because these soil properties were sensitive to cultivation effects, they were considered to be good indicators of soil quality. Soil properties that were less sensitive to change, and limited as soil quality indicators included texture, clay mineralogy and sesquioxides, and effective cation exchange capacity. Soil quality changes were greatest during the first 10 years of cultivation and were generally greatest in the surface 0- to 40-cm of soil. Soil and crop management factors were considered to be the most important factors affecting soil quality. Decreases in long-term crop yields were found to correspond with decreases in soil quality. In terms of crop productivity, the most important soil quality indicators (based on a multiple regression analysis) were OC, available P, total K and PAWC. Economic analysis of the yield and production cost data indicated that, under current conditions, tea cultivation in the Lam Dong province is sustainable for periods of about 20 years. Thus, measured values of soil quality indicators in the 20-yr tea soils were considered to represent the "critical levels" for economic sustainability of tea cultivation.

Classification of Patient Satisfaction Level on Health Services Using the C4.5 Algorithm

Quality health services are related to patient satisfaction. Patient satisfaction can be used as a benchmark for improving the quality of health services. Problems often occur when implementing health techniques, such as service problems at the Restu Clinic. Patients and their families indicated that although the Restu Clinic was established with adequate facilities, it had not yet reached the maximum level of service. These indications include long waiting times for examinations, a lack of thoroughness by medical personnel, and services that are not timely. Service quality cannot be separated from the dimensions that are the core of quality services, which are expected to meet patient needs. Patient satisfaction is considered an important indicator of good quality. This research will only discuss four aspects of service quality, which are reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, from health workers at the Restu Clinic. The C4.5 algorithm is known to be superior in producing decision trees that efficiently solve discrete and numerical variables and provide satisfactory accuracy. Therefore, the author conducted a study to assess service quality using the C4.5 algorithm. This research aims to determine the factors that influence the quality of health services and to know patient satisfaction with health services at the Restu Clinic. Knowing the intensity of patient satisfaction with services at the Restu Clinic can improve the quality of optimal services and gain patients' trust in government agencies.

Butterfly Abundance and Diversity in Different Habitat Types in the Usangu Area, Ruaha National Park

Insects are key fauna species that respond quickly to disturbances and environmental changes. They act as good indicators of habitat, community, or ecosystem quality. Among the great diversity of insects, butterflies stand as ideal bio-indicators for ecosystem function and are sensitive to changes in habitat composition and structure. This study was carried out to examine the diversity and abundance of butterflies across the restored habitats in Usangu area part of Ruaha National Park (RUNAPA) from May 2022 to June 2022 using the walking transect method supplemented by sweep nets and butterfly baited traps. A total of six transects of 1 km in length were laid in the four main habitat types selected in Usangu area including grassland, Miombo woodland, Vachellia/Commiphora woodland, and riverine forest. Searches were conducted in the morning and evening. The Miombo woodland and riverine forest habitats exhibited relatively higher species diversity, richness, evenness, abundance, and a higher number of habitat-restricted species, while Vachellia/Commiphora woodland and grassland habitats recorded the lowest diversity and abundance as well as the lowest number of habitat-restricted species. Family Nymphalidae was the most dominant followed by Pieridae while Papilionidae and Hesperiidae were scarce in the study area. This study clearly shows the importance of Miombo woodland and riverine forest habitats in sustaining rich butterfly diversity and abundance in Usangu area. The two habitats must be effectively managed and conserved for sustaining ecological health and integrity of Usangu area. The Usangu area’s Miombo woodland and riverine forest habitats have immense potential for butterfly tourism and they can offer an excellent opportunity to promote conservation efforts and raise public awareness. However, it is crucial to monitor these habitats closely as any environmental changes that may occur could harm the butterfly diversity and abundance in the area. Preserving this wilderness to maintain a thriving butterfly population is of utmost importance.

The Correlation between Adolescents' Bullying Experiences and Mental Health

One indicator of good adolescent quality of life can be observed through their mental health conditions. Variables suspected to be associated with and affecting adolescent mental health include experiences of bullying. This study aims to assess the relationship between bullying experiences among adolescents and their mental health. The research utilizes an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional design. The population consists of high school students in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, totalling 3,514 individuals. A sample of 390 students aged 15-18 years was selected using accidental sampling techniques. The relationship between bullying experiences and mental health was analysed using the chi-square test. To evaluate the extent of the risk of bullying experiences influencing adolescent mental health, multiple logistic regression analysis was employed. The research results indicate a significant association between adolescents who have experienced bullying and their mental health (_p_ = 0.006). Adolescents who are victims of bullying are four times more likely to experience mental health disorders (OR = 4.204; 95% CI = 1.525 – 11.589). It is recommended that schools establish anti-bullying units comprising students, teachers, and parents to minimize bullying incidents in schools that can impact adolescent mental health.

Self-Rated Health and Semen Quality in Men Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology

Numerous studies have documented the association of self-rated health (SRH) with chronic diseases. However, few studies have investigated its association with semen quality. To examine the association of SRH with semen quality among men undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) in China. This cross-sectional study recruited male partners in couples undergoing ART treatment at the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. A total of 1262 men underwent 2 semen examinations and completed a questionnaire on SRH between December 2018 and January 2020. Data analysis was performed from November 20, 2022, to March 24, 2023. SRH, including overall physical and mental health, as well as reproductive-related physical and mental health specifically, were reported at baseline recruitment. Sperm concentration, sperm progressive motility, sperm motility, and sperm count as semen quality parameters. The study included 1262 men with a mean (SD) age of 32.79 (5.25) years and body mass index of 24.37 (3.68). Men with poorer SRH had lower semen quality (eg, sperm concentration among poor vs very good overall physical health: percentage variation, -14.67%; 95% CI, -23.62% to -4.66%). Among 4 components of SRH, a greater reduction in semen quality was estimated for reproductive-related SRH compared with overall SRH, whereas the greatest reduction was observed for reproductive-related physical SRH. In comparison with men with very good reproductive-related physical SRH, men with poor reproductive-related physical SRH had differences of -24.78% (95% CI, -32.71% to -15.93%) and -25.61% (95% CI, -33.95% to -16.22%) in sperm count and concentration, respectively, and regression coefficients of -9.38 (95% CI, -12.01 to -6.76) and -9.24 (95% CI, -11.82 to -6.66) for sperm motility and sperm progressive motility, respectively. In this cross-sectional study of Chinese men, poorer SRH was associated with lower semen quality, and reproductive-related physical SRH was the most pronounced indicator. Our findings suggest that SRH, especially reproductive-related physical SRH, was a good indicator of semen quality, which should inform public and clinical regulatory decisions.

Тимофеевка луговая (Phleum pratense L.): биологические особенности, хозяйственное значение, особенности сорта ВИК 911, технологические приемы семеноводства

Meadow timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) is an excellent traditional crop for creating hayfields and pasture of long-term use. This is a long-term riding grain, characterized by such irreplaceable qualities as durability, high yield of hay and green mass, high leafiness, good feed quality indicators, make it indispensable when creating hayfields and other types of forage lands not only in Russia, but also abroad. Timothy grass is one of the main components of grass mixtures for haymaking, especially with the participation of meadow clover, alfalfa, and it is also an excellent phytomeliorative culture that restores soil fertility. The most important issues of seed production of meadow timothy grass are such technological techniques as doses and timing of nitrogen fertilizers, seeding rates and methods of sowing seeds, as well as harvesting in accordance with the biological characteristics of the new variety of timothy grass VIK 911. As our research has shown, meadow timothy grass of the new variety VIK 911 should be sown in an ordinary way, with a seeding rate of 5–7 kg/ha, while nitrogen fertilizers should be applied better in spring at a dose of 45–60 kg/ha, or in two terms: in early autumn, in early September, at a dose of 30–45 kg/ha and in spring at a dose of 45 kg/ha. Meadow timothy grass has a good range of possible seed harvesting (6–8 days) due to the resistance to seed shedding.

Anthropogenic effects of habitat modification on anuran species diversity in a swamp forest area, Kenya

AbstractAnuran species are some of the good environmental indicators of habitat quality and condition in ecosystems. This is due to their amphibious life modes and sensitivity to environmental change caused by rapid expansion of agricultural activities, advancement of forest destruction, climate change and emerging infectious diseases. Understanding their diversity and distribution patterns is crucial for the development and implementation of effective species and habitat conservation strategies. The study aimed at assessing and comparing anuran biodiversity and distribution patterns between a protected (North Nandi Forest Reserve) and a non‐protected area (Kingwal swamp) to provide additional baseline information, both being among the underexplored areas in Kenya. Data were gathered in both dry and wet seasons, between October 2022 and June 2023 by employing standard sampling techniques for anurans(Visual encounter and pitfall traps with a drift fence) to maximise detection. Three habitat types‐ farmland, intermediate land and forest were exploited. A total of 1649 individuals from 21 different species, belonging to nine different genera and nine different families were recorded. Ptychadenidae was the most abundant family from the recorded anurans, while Dicroglossidae, Arthroleptidae, Pyxicephalidae and Ranidae were the least. High biodiversity was observed in the forest habitat (Protected) and least in the farmland (non‐protected). The wet season had high species abundance, diversity and richness compared to the dry season. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in diversity between the habitats in wet season, but no significance difference during dry season (p > 0.05) except for forest and farmland (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in species abundance between seasons (p < 0.05), and between habitats (p < 0.05) in all seasons except for farmland and intermediate (p > 0.05), as well as farmland and forest (p > 0.05) during the wet season. Habitat type and season had no influence (p > 0.05) on species richness. Anuran biodiversity is a function of habitat diversity and season, with the associated differences in microhabitat structure providing diverse niches and ways of exploring resources. The modest sampling indicates that Kingwal Swamp and North Nandi Forest Reserve are rich and support anuran species, and the differences in anuran biodiversity between the 3 habitats demonstrates that conservation efforts continue to be a priority.

Quality of life of patients with tongue cancer after hemiglossectomy

Introduction. The main part among all malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity is tongue cancer, the leading method of treatment of which is surgery. Surgical treatment leads to a violation of such important functions of the language as speech and swallowing, which in turn reduces the quality of life of patients. However, to date, opinions differ on the issue of performing language reconstruction. In addition, there are no clear indications for the use of one or another type of defect replacement, with the help of which it will be possible to achieve the best functional results.Aim. To evaluate the functional results after hemiglossectomy for malignant neoplasms of the tongue, compare various reconstruction strategies (with and without a flap).Materials and methods. The study included 44 patients with tongue cancer with a follow-up period of at least 6 months. Functional results were assessed using a quality of life questionnaire and speech therapy assessment.Results. Patients who underwent tongue reconstruction had higher functional results and the best indicators of quality of life compared to patients who did not undergo reconstruction.Conclusion. Hemiglossectomy leads to impaired speech and swallowing functions and, accordingly, to a decrease in the quality of life. Since performing the reconstruction affects the functional results, it should be properly planned before the operation.

Teknologi Microbubble Pada Kolam Ikan Koi Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Air di Desa Sokong Kabupaten Lombok Utara

Koi fish cultivation activities are beginning to be developed in Sokong village, this is due to increasingly high demand, so it must be taken to improve the quality of koi fish production, one of which is by improving water quality. The availability of dissolved oxygen is one of the water quality parameters which is an indicator of good and bad water quality. So, to maintain the quality of dissolved oxygen, technology is needed that can maintain and meet oxygen needs. This community service activity aims to provide information regarding the application of microbubble technology to maintain dissolved oxygen in water so that it can increase the productivity of koi fish cultivation in Sokong village, North Lombok Regency. This service activity consists of several stages including location surveys, socialization and discussions, making and assembling microbubbles and testing microbubbles. Microbubble is a technology that functions to increase oxygen transfer through small water bubbles. The type of microbubble applied is the venturi type because it has a simple mechanism and the tools used are easy to obtain. This activity received a very good response as evidenced by the enthusiasm of partners participating in all stages. The benefit of this service is not only providing information on microbubble technology, but the use of this technology can provide solutions for managing and monitoring koi fish cultivation media in Sokong Village, North Lombok Regency.

An Assessment of In-stream Sampling Activity of Macroinvertebrates and Stream Channelization in Dug Run, Allen County, Ohio, USA

Macroinvertebrates are good indicators of stream quality. Changes in populations of sensitive macroinvertebrates help to show stressors to the stream. Student sampling of a section of Dug Run in northwestern Ohio has occurred since 2015. This work has been to identify how changes on the campus including construction, tree removal, and channelization may be impacting stream macroinvertebrates. Student sampling, however, also causes disturbances that may negatively impact macroinvertebrate populations. A break in student sampling—due first to the use of an adjacent off-site location in 2019 and then to COVID-19 beginning in 2020—was expected to impact the number of mayfly nymphs and caddisfly larvae captured, both considered sensitive macroinvertebrates in the stream. To measure the impact of channelization in Dug Run, the study area was split into a channelized reach, an upstream reach, and a downstream reach. Stream habitat was also studied in each reach with macroinvertebrates collected from riffles, undercuts, and pools. After a break in sampling, caddisfly larvae increased initially but have declined in the 2 following years, while mayfly nymphs increased in the last 2 years of the study. No significant differences were found in stream quality monitoring (SQM) index scores between the channelized reach compared to upstream and downstream reaches (H = 4.15; p = 0.126). There was a significant difference in taxa richness among pools, riffles, and undercuts (H = 14.09; p < 0.001). A significant difference was also found in the moderately sensitive macroinvertebrates captured in riffles between the channelized, upstream, and downstream reaches (H = 6.82; p = 0.033). A break in sampling resulted in an initial increase in mayfly nymph and caddisfly larvae samples, but it appears a variety of factors may be responsible for the numbers captured. The channelized reach had higher numbers of scuds and crayfish in riffles among the 3 reaches, which may be the result of a change in their distribution related to lack of undercuts. Both scuds and crayfishwere found in significantly greater abundance in undercuts compared to pools and riffles.

Pharmacy Exit Exam for the Upliftment of Profession of Pharmacy Practice in India: A Review

The goal of implementing exit exams for Diploma in Pharmacy (D. Pharm holder) is to encourage students to put effort into their learning. Considering the growth of the healthcare sector in India, pharmacists have a lot of career opportunities if they can cope with the ever-increasing demand for innovation, research, skills, knowledge and talent required in the profession. The pharmacy profession is moving dynamically as we are heading towards becoming the pharmacy of the world. Exit exams can be a good quality indicator for academic program reviews and for educational institutes teaching standards. The compulsion of the exit exam will set into place new standards intended to increase the learning of all students. Such exams result in positive effects on student achievement. Exit exams will surely upgrade the pharmacy profession in India.