Entrepreneurship Indicators Research Articles

Peningkatan Enterpreneurship Anak melalui Cooking Class pada Anak Kelompok B Di TK Bandar Madani Parepare

The purpose of this study is to increase children's knowledge about entrepreneurship education from an early age, of course, through cooking class activities that will be held for group B children at Bandar Madani Parepare Kindergarten. In this study using a qualitative method, namely with a descriptive approach that provides an overview in the form of sentences as data information for researchers in their initial activities of collecting information. The results of research on cooking class activities to increase child entrepreneurship showed that 13 children experienced a significant increase after the children carried out these activities. This is in accordance with the indicators of entrepreneurship, namely independence, creativity, risk taking, leadership, action orientation, and hard work. Keywords: early childhood, entrepreneurship, cooking class

Exploring the impacts of entrepreneurship indices on renewable energy mix: A cross-country study

This research analyzes the impact of eleven entrepreneurship indicators on renewable energy development across 14 countries from 2002 to 2019. Utilizing Kao's test for variable cointegration and the Panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (PFMOLS) model, our research highlights financial development's critical role in shifting from traditional to newer renewable energies like wind, solar, and bioenergy. Results indicate that specific entrepreneurship indicators, such as commercial infrastructure, market openness, and entrepreneurship education at the primary level, influence renewable energy types differently. For instance, these factors are favorable for hydropower but negative for wind and solar. Conversely, other indicators exhibited the opposite effects. For instance, Research and Development (R&D) transfer, governmental programs, and internal market dynamics positively impacted wind and solar energy sources but negatively affected hydropower and bioenergy. These findings underscore the multifaceted nature of entrepreneurial activities as a driving force behind the development of renewable energies, which highlights the need to reconsider regulations, support mechanisms, and educational frameworks related to entrepreneurship in alignment with climate change, making our research directly relevant to policymakers and practitioners in the environmental and energy sectors. To align with climate change goals better, the research in this study recommends enhancing financial mechanisms for diverse renewable technologies, revising educational frameworks to embed entrepreneurship focusing on renewable innovation, and adjusting governmental programs to support targeted renewable energies.

Entropy characteristics and structural model in the process of entrepreneurship

The current national economy needs to foster a culture of entrepreneurship, encourage entrepreneurial initiatives, and create an entrepreneurial ecosystem. In the field of business studies, many scholars have applied various entropy theories to enrich and advance business knowledge. However, the current literature on entrepreneurship and entropy is sparse and disjointed. The previous research does not offer a coherent framework for integrating these two concepts. This research aims to propose a new concept of entrepreneurial entropy. The study uses the literature review, structural equation modelling, and case analysis to construct a preliminary model of entrepreneurial entropy. The study investigated the entrepreneurial performance of four different teams using entropy analysis. The researchers applied six key indicators of entrepreneurship that were developed by four groups of entrepreneurs. They used the structured equation of entropy to calculate the total entropy value for each group. By comparing the entropy values, they were able to draw quantitative conclusions about the effectiveness of the entrepreneurship process. The study will introduce entropy theory to the domain of entrepreneurship and establish a new direction and area of entrepreneurship research. Overall, the proposed concept of entrepreneurial entropy represents a significant step forward in the quest to enrich and advance our knowledge of business and entrepreneurship.

The Impact of Economic Security on Sustainable Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern Europe – from the Financial Crisis to the COVID–19 Pandemic

The article’s main aim is to assess the impact of economic security on sustainable entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), including Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia from 2008 to 2020. The paper’s novelty is the development of indicators of sustainable entrepreneurship and its three pillars: economic, social and environmental. Moreover, we assessed the impact of economic security on sustainable entrepreneurship and conducted a comparative analysis of its consequences on the economic, social and environmental components of entrepreneurship. We use the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Ordinary Least Square Method, and the SUR estimations for structural equations. The results of the analysis indicate that sustainable entrepreneurship and economic security in the analysed countries are growing. However, their dynamics are varied, and what is more, economic security has a statistically significant impact on sustainable entrepreneurship. The impact of economic security on sustainable entrepreneurship from 2008 to 2020 is highest in Slovakia, Bulgaria and Poland. The lowest is in Latvia, Romania and Czechia. We notice that pursuing a stable and responsible macroeconomic policy affects the implementation of sustainable development goals. It is important to create the best conditions for growth in the long term, which is a challenge because of the problem of finding optimal relationships between factors that determine economic security.

Psychometric properties and factor structure of a motivation scale for higher education students to graduate and stimulate their entrepreneurship

The purpose of this research work is to provide a measurement instrument, through the validation of a proposed scale, to determine the relevant factors that affect the motivation of university students, and that can be used as anticipatory indicators of personal entrepreneurship to achieve educational and work success. To carry it out, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have been carried out, based on the principal components’ method, which have been validated through the usual model fit measures in the literature, considering an analysis of reliability and reliability of the measurement instrument. To obtain this purpose, a sample of the university population was selected, through a simple random sampling, considering heterogeneity of courses, subjects, areas, and teaching modalities, of 596 individuals, with a higher percentage of women compared to men, as can be seen from the total number of enrolled in university degrees in the Spanish education system. The scale proved to have good psychometric properties, obtaining good internal consistency and validity. Among the main findings, we can highlight several dimensions for motivation, for instance, emotional self-management and adversity management; and learning strategies, such as: active self-management of study material, study management and self-management of effort, among others. In conclusion, a scale has been validated to determine which dimensions should be considered to promote student motivation as a method of personal entrepreneurship, and which can be used by educational authorities to propose extracurricular training that affects the improvement of students' competence, both in academic and emotional management. The dataset was analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

How does intellectual property system affect technology entrepreneurship: evidence from Chinese prefecture‐level cities

Technology entrepreneurship plays a pivotal role in bolstering regional economic vitality, with the intellectual property rights (IPR) system serving as a fundamental safeguard for entrepreneurs' intellectual achievements. Using panel data encompassing 260 prefecture‐level cities in China from 2006 to 2019, we employ the count of registered technology‐based enterprises to construct an indicator of technology entrepreneurship and consider China's IPR policy as a quasi‐natural experiment to examine the impact of the IPR system on technology entrepreneurship. The findings reveal that the pilot policy can significantly stimulate technology entrepreneurship displaying a periodically dynamic promotional effect. This conclusion remains reliable even after undergoing rigorous robustness tests. The mechanism analysis demonstrates that the pilot policy can stimulate technology entrepreneurship by enriching the technological knowledge base and providing financial guarantees. Notably, while the policy's impact on technology entrepreneurship increases with the expansion of the city scale across different scenarios, no discernible regional disparities emerge. This study provides a new perspective on the relationship between the IPR system and entrepreneurship, offering valuable insights into improving the IPR framework in emerging developing countries.

The influence of socioeconomic factors on female entrepreneurship in Southeast Asian countries

Purpose Female entrepreneurship discussions will broaden and diversify as a result of global shifts. Studies of female entrepreneurship must take into account differences between male and female entrepreneurs due to the historical, cultural and social specificity of developing countries to narrow gender gaps, identify barriers, fine-tune support systems, release dormant potential and provide information for policymaking. This paper aims to measure and estimate the most crucial socioeconomic characteristics that Southeast Asian countries leverage to advance women’s business initiatives. Design/methodology/approach Using a panel data model whereby the Female Entrepreneurship Indicator Score serves as the dependent variable and the ten most important socioeconomic indicators serve as the independent variables. Ten southeast Asian countries are analyzed using the panel fixed effects approach of Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MM-QR) from 1980 to 2021. Findings It has been found by empirical panel quantile regression using the MM-QR method that the following indicators positively affect female entrepreneurship in southeast Asian countries: the assets indicator, the pay indicator, the workplace indicator, the mobility indicator and the a woman can sign a contract in the same way as a man indicator. But the parenthood indicator, the unemployment indicator, the school enrollment indicator, the men and women have equal ownership rights to immovable property indicator and the marriage indicator all have negative effects. Originality/value This paper uses a new method called MM-QR to look at how the most important socioeconomic factors affect female entrepreneurship in Southeast Asian countries. The results obtained will also add to and broaden the small amount of research that has been done on female entrepreneurs in developing countries.

The Role of Higher Education and Training in Entrepreneurial Development in Afghanistan

Education and training stand as pivotal factors in the growth and development of entrepreneurship, capturing global attention. Various studies have demonstrated that entrepreneurial traits are predominantly acquired rather than inherited, underscoring the current emphasis on entrepreneurship education. Today, entrepreneurial education has become one of the most crucial and widespread activities within educational institutions, especially universities, worldwide. Given the substantial impact of entrepreneurship on economic and social development, governments invest considerable efforts in providing entrepreneurial education to their populace. In recent years, Afghanistan has witnessed significant endeavors by institutions and universities, establishing entrepreneurial centers and conducting various educational programs for students.
 This article, based on qualitative data and employing a descriptive research method, endeavors to explore the significant role and influence of higher education and training in entrepreneurial development within the country. The research aims to shed light on the intersection of education and entrepreneurship, addressing topics such as the definition of entrepreneurship, the importance and necessity of entrepreneurship education, research objectives, questions, and hypotheses, the goals of entrepreneurial education, the need for entrepreneurship courses in universities, universities' objectives in promoting entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial characteristics of universities, social and cultural indicators of entrepreneurship at the university level. Finally, the study concludes with findings and recommendations.

The impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth: Empirical evidence in the Mekong Delta

Entrepreneurship is the main motivation of economic development, a large amount of literature analyzing the impact of entrepreneurship on solid growth and survival has appeared. This paper aims to quantify the impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth using a balanced panel data of 8 provinces in the Mekong Delta region over 20 years. Two indicators of entrepreneurship (Private Employment Rate, Self-Employment Rate) are identified and incorporated into the traditional growth regression model demonstrated using the Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) method. The results show that entrepreneurship has a positive impact on economic growth and this finding is very strong through the private employment rate of 8 Mekong Delta provinces but does not provide enough evidence that the self-employment rate has a positive impact on growth. Public policies that promote entrepreneurship should be expected to positively influence economic growth

Environmental effects of entrepreneurship indices on ecological footprint of croplands and grazing lands in the economy

Entrepreneurial activities are considered a commitment to economic growth with the motivation of deriving ecological sustainability. The main objective of this paper is to capture the environmental effects of entrepreneurship development on the ecological footprint of croplands and grazing lands in 14 developing, emerging, and developed countries of different sizes during 2002–2018. Empirical analyses are anchored on a set of estimation procedures; 45 different models were estimated to assess the independent effects of the entrepreneurship indices. Then, the panel data estimator of Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) is applied. It was found that (1) a 1% increase in energy intensity has a positive, significant effect on the ecological footprint of the agriculture sector. This arises from a decreased efficiency in the production sector. (2) A 1% increase in governmental support and policies, governmental programs, and internal market dynamics had a positive, significant effect on croplands. Moreover, the commercial and professional infrastructure and the physical and services infrastructure also had positive, significant effects on grazing lands. Meanwhile, such positive effects are not stable in all entrepreneurship indicators, and an increase in the physical and services infrastructure and internal market dynamics had significant, negative effects on croplands and grazing lands, respectively. Therefore, improvement of most of the entrepreneurship indicators can facilitate alleviation of environmental degradation through improvement of technological conditions. However, entrepreneurial indicators contribute to an increase in the negative environmental consequences of increased energy intensity. (3) Finally, an increase in most of the entrepreneurship indicators significantly steepens the Kuznets curve. Hence, it can be concluded that an increase in entrepreneurship indicators reduces the effects of economic growth on the ecological footprint in low-income countries and increase it in high-income countries.

The Soft Skill Mastery Based on Class Level Equal to the Qualification Requirements of a Workplace

This study aims to find out the relevance of the soft skills of SMK graduates following the demands of the world of work, by knowing the description of the amount of soft skill mastery based on the grade level, the relevance of the mastery to graduates in the world of work, and the amount of soft skill learning contribution to graduates which has worked. The method used is descriptive quantitative with descriptive analysis techniques, correlation, and regression tests. The study results were obtained using SPSS software and then summarized in the form of a table presentation. The results showed that the amount of soft skill mastery of students at SMK Negeri 4 Banjarmasin for class X was 26,2143%, class XI was 27,3669%, and class XII was 27,8821%. From this mastery, there is a relevance of learning soft skills in schools with soft skills in the world of work on the indicators of entrepreneurship at SMK Negeri 4 Banjarmasin with a Fcount of 6.576 > Ftable of 2.79, then simultaneously soft skills in schools are relevant to soft skills in the world of work. with a contribution of 27.9%, while the rest (72.1%) is influenced by other variables outside the study.

ФІНАНСОВА СТІЙКІСТЬ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ УКРАЇНИ

The article investigates trends in the financial stability of Ukrainian enterprises, in particular industrial ones, in modern operating conditions. Effective management of the financial stability of the enterprise is a guarantee of its successful development, as well as entrepreneurship in general and the economy of the state. In order to form an effective financial stability management system, it is necessary to evaluate it. About a third of the assets of enterprises belong to industry. The rate of growth of non-current assets and equity of industrial enterprises significantly exceeds the rate of growth of these indicators of entrepreneurship in general. However, the share of industrial enterprises' capital is smaller, which is reflected in their financial stability. At the same time, the amount of non-current assets significantly exceeds the amount of equity, so the amount of own working capital is negative, as well as other absolute indicators of the financial stability of industrial enterprises. The evaluation of indicators of financial stability indicated its rather low level. The full-scale war in Ukraine led to a negative financial result of entrepreneurship, especially in the industrial sector. Profit is an important factor of financial stability, a source of equity growth, an indicator of entrepreneurship development. In the current conditions, it is necessary to find new ways to increase profitability, reduce cost without reducing product quality, implement energy-saving measures, increase energy efficiency of production, optimize production capacities, increase the efficiency of resource use, and develop a successful marketing policy. In order to improve financial stability, in addition to increasing profitability, it is also proposed to issue new shares, additional contributions of founders, revaluation of fixed assets and search for opportunities to receive irrevocable financial assistance, values from organizations, individuals, and states. The given ways of improving financial stability will make it possible to ensure its sufficient level, which is currently an important element of stabilizing the financial condition of enterprises and the economy of Ukraine.

The Impact of Female Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth in the Asean Countries: A Panel MM-QR Approach

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to determine the significance of female entrepreneurship for economic growth in Southeast Asian countries. A panel data model was applied, with GDP per employed person serving as the dependent variable and seven key factors in female entrepreneurship serving as independent variables. Empirical panel quantile regression using the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MM-QR) approach found that both the female entrepreneurship indicator and the female workplace indicator have a positive impact on economic growth. However, the Gender Inequality Index, Gender Development Index, female pay indicator, female parenthood indicator, and female marriage indicator all have negative effects.

Correction to: Digital entrepreneurship indicator (DEI): an analysis of the case of the greater Paris metropolitan area

Correction to: Digital entrepreneurship indicator (DEI): an analysis of the case of the greater Paris metropolitan area

Entrepreneurial Activities Performed by Local Governments in Poland – The Context of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Concept

The paper explores the activities offered by local governments in the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept perspective. This paper aims to determine the role of the local governments’ assistance in the dependencies between institutions supporting entrepreneurship and new enterprises. The activities, such as (i) intentional activities, (ii) favourable conditions for the local entrepreneurial environment, and (iii) the local governments’ relations with local entrepreneurs have been distinguished. To confirm the theoretically assumed three-factor structure, confirmatory factor analysis was performed. In the course of the study, the Spearman’s correlation and structural modelling methods were applied. The results showed the relation between the local governments’ activities and the entrepreneurship indicators at the local level. Additionally, the impact of the institutions supporting entrepreneurship on the number of newly registered entities, with a mediating role of favourable conditions for the local entrepreneurial environment and the local governments’ relations with local entrepreneurs, was presented.

Digital entrepreneurship indicator (DEI): an analysis of the case of the greater Paris metropolitan area.

The digital entrepreneurship indicator (DEI), which combines individual and institutional data, is designed to chart the vitality of metropolitan areas in terms of digital entrepreneurship on a suburban scale. In this study, we apply it to the case of the Greater Paris Metropolitan area. Using geographically weighted regression, we explore the spatial heterogeneity of the effect of digital entrepreneurial ecosystems on the location quotient of information and communication technology firms with fewer than 10 employees. The results highlight a positive link between the DEI and the location quotient of small ICT firms. In particular, the aspects of both ATTitudes and CAPacities (i.e., urbanization economies, Human Development Index, density of incubators, accounting and financial services, and fiber optic coverage) appear to have a significant effect on a suburban scale.

Grey relational analysis of country-level entrepreneurial environment: A study of selected forty-eight countries

The aim of this study is to evaluate the entrepreneurial environment of selected countries, and analyze and rank them on the basis of entrepreneurship related indicators. This study’s design comprises a review of the literature, extraction of secondary data on the phenomenon, and analysis. The research gap has been established through a review of the literature, leading toward the development of problem statement. The cross-sectional data, related to entrepreneurship indicators, is extracted from website of World Development Indicators (2021) for 48 selected countries. Using positivism as a research philosophy and deduction as a research approach, the data are analyzed through grey relational analysis (GRA). On the basis of grey relational grades, this study also classified the countries on the continuum of “much better” to “worse.” The results of the study show that the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong SAR, China, France and Canada attained the highest grey relational grades and are considered the countries having much better entrepreneurial environment; whereas Poland, Kuwait, Namibia and so on attained the lowest grey relational grades and are considered the countries having worst entrepreneurial environment. This research has several practical implications for different economies/countries, entrepreneurial ventures, aspiring entrepreneurial, and researchers. On the basis of findings of this study, policy makers should refine country-level entrepreneurial policies while keeping in view the respective grey relational grades.

Evaluation of the early-stage entrepreneurship activity in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This paper examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by total cases and deaths per 100K people) on the early-stage entrepreneurship activity (measured by the Kauffman Early-Stage Entrepreneurship indicators) in the United States. The empirical analyses are based on the panel dataset of 51 States between 2020 and 2021. The findings show that the COVID-19 pandemic negatively affects early-stage entrepreneurship activity. Further analyses indicate the positive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the startup's early survival rate. However, new entrepreneurs' rate and opportunity share are negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Implications for the post-COVID-19 era are also discussed.

Innovation output indicators

This article introduces a new family of innovation output indicators as an alternative to the EU 2020 indicator. The latter is a composite indicator that bears a complex and weak relation to the actual innovation output of economies. The proposed family of indicators (DINNOV) estimates the participation in the economy of enterprises that are both dynamic (or high-growth) and innovative. Its indicators take advantage of both the tradition of indicators produced from enterprise data collected by surveys of innovation and of indicators of business demography and entrepreneurship. Values of DINNOV indicators for Brazil are computed as a proof of concept. A proxy of the DINNOV indicators – the DINNOV-Simplex – is estimated for Brazil and 17 European economies. The new indicators avoid several drawbacks of the EU 2020 innovation output indicator and are easier to communicate to policymakers and the general public.

CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP, UNEMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SELECTED COUNTRIES

While the aggregate positive effects of entrepreneurship are assumed in many studies, there is a lack of empirical support for such assumptions. This study investigates the causal relationship between entrepreneurship, economic growth and unemployment. We also examine how a shock in one variable may influence other variables and the length of the effect. The findings of panel data from 39 countries collected between 2006 and 2016 using the Granger-causality test indicate a unidirectional causal effect of economic growth on entrepreneurship and unemployment. However, despite their correlation, no causal link was found between entrepreneurship and unemployment. The analysis of impulse-response functions also shows that only shocks from the entrepreneurship indicator are permanent in the model. Variance decomposition results reveal that the most important factor causing changes in entrepreneurship is the entrepreneurship indicator itself, implying that only specific entrepreneurial policies can affect the entrepreneurship indicator’s components and improve this indicator.