Indian Squid Research Articles

Trace elements and the environmental factors influencing early life-growth of the squid, Uroteuthis duvaucelii

The early growth of Indian squid, Uroteuthis duvaucelii, was examined in specimens with sizes ranging from 41 – 215 mm ML from fisheries catches in coastal waters of Central Philippines. The linear relationship between mantle length and statolith radial length indicates that statolith growth is proportional to body size growth. At 60 days after hatching in different months, growth trajectories revealed high individual growth variability. At this age, monsoons influenced the growth variation and seasonality of U. duvaucelii, revealing the squid’s high growth plasticity and adaptability towards changes in environmental conditions. During the first 40 days, the growth of female U. duvaucelii was significantly influenced by ambient temperature and food availability, indicating that these factors play a crucial role in the survival of their young. Hatching occurs continuously throughout the year, with prominent peaks in July and October. The lateral dome of the statolith contains significant amounts of trace elements, including strontium (Sr), uranium (U), magnesium (Mg), barium (Ba), and sodium (Na), which are known to be correlated with environmental conditions, habitat, and physiology of squids.

Morphometrics and Growth Patterns of Squids in the North and South Coasts of Java, Indonesia

Highlight Research The mitre squid (Uroteuthis chinensis), the Indian squid (Uroteuthis duvaucelii), and the purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis) were identified. Morphometric differences among three squid species were analyzed. Microanatomy observations on the shapes of the sucker rings were important for species identification. Hypoallometric and isometric growth patterns were observed. Abstract Squids play vital ecological and economic functions as keystone species in marine food webs and integral components of global capture fisheries. However, a comprehensive understanding of their diversity and life history characteristics in Indonesian waters is still poorly understood. This study aimed to identify squids that inhabited Java's northern and southern coasts and examine their growth pattern through morphometric analysis. Six hundred eighteen squid samples were collected fishers caught from May to September 2022 in Blanakan and Palabuhanratu Bay, representing two areas of interest. The body size and the shape of sucker rings of squids were observed using morphometric method. Kruskall-Wallis test, Principal Component Analysis, and Spearman's correlation were performed to investigate morphometric variation and relationships. The length-weight relationships were estimated for each species.. This study reported three species of squid on the north and south coasts of Java, namely the mitre squid (Uroteuthis chinensis), the Indian squid (Uroteuthis duvaucelii), and the purpleback flying squid (Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis). There were significant differences observed in ten morphometric variables among the three species of squid (p < 0.05), with fin width, fin length, and sucker ring teeth identified as the key distinguishing feature for the squids. Spearman's correlation indicated stronger associations between mantle and fin variables (ρ = 0.666-0.967, p < 0.05) than those between mantle and head variables (ρ = 0.380-0.864, p < 0.05).Mantle length-weight relationships revealed a hypoallometric growth pattern for U. chinensis and U. duvaucelii, while S. oualaniensis exhibited an isometric growth pattern. The finding of this study provides valuable insights concerning the growth of squids that reflect variation in ontogenic development, trophic ecology, and environmental conditions in Indonesian waters.

Histological Authentication of Reproductive Structures of Little Indian Squid Loliolus (Loliolus) hardwickei, Grey, 1849 (Cephalopoda: loliginidae)

The work deals with the oogenesis, spermatogenesis and associated reproductive structures of the little Indian squid Loliolus (Loliolus) hardwickei. Histological descriptions of the ovary, oviduct, testis and needham sac were made, the various changes observed during maturation were described and the functional significance was discussed. The female reproductive system consists of the ovary, glandular oviduct, lace-like oviducal funnel, paired nidamental gland, accessory nidamental glands and a seminal receptacle for sperm storage on the ventral side of the buccal cavity. The average size of the cells of the ovary varied from 7.635±3.466 µm (primary oogonia) to 1191.114±288.188µm (Ripe oocyte). Oocyte resorption or the presence of atretic oocytes was observed in some sections. The male reproductive system consists of the testis, vas deferens, spermatophoric organ, spermduct, the system of spermatophoric glands (SG) and spermatophoric sac (Needham sac) and penis. The spermatogenesis passed through the differentiation of primodial germ cells, primary and secondary spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, rounded spermatids, and elongated spermatids to spermatozoa or sperms. The testis is connected to a thin-walled Needham sac by the spermatophoric duct. The testis is made up of numerous seminiferous tubules and is enveloped by tunica albuginea made up of connective tissue. Histological authentication of reproductive structures in L(L) hardwickei serves the specific purpose of providing a detailed understanding of the species' reproductive biology, which has implications for ecological, environmental, and conservation management efforts.

Inhibitory effect of ink derived from Indian Loligo duvauceli squid against HIF1α induced angiogenesis

Squids are one of the most important commercial marine resources having high human consumption and market value. An Indian squid, Loligo duvauceli is a valuable species among them. They contain ink sacs which are discarded before using them for consumption. This study for the first time reports its potent ability to inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. The melanin-free extract (MFI) of squid ink was assessed for antiproliferative effect on cancer and human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cell lines. Its antiangiogenic activity was investigated in HUVEC-based tube formation and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. The MFI displayed a prominent reduction in the mean vascular density of the CAM membrane, the viability of HUVEC cells, and its tube formation on the Matrigel base. Influence on the expression of angiogenesis effector genes HIF 1 α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR), and COX 2 in HUVEC cell line denoted prominent downregulation of HIF 1 α, VEGF, and VEGFR gene expression. Overall, the results indicated a remarkable potential of L. duvauceli ink to serve as a negative mediator of angiogenesis with probable selective HIF1α induced molecular mechanism for exerting its effect. This waste product of sea food processing industry thus presented itself as a promising natural candidate for arresting angiogenesis.

Latitudinal Difference in the Condition Factor of Two Loliginidae Squid (Beka Squid and Indian Squid) in China Seas

Cephalopod fisheries in the China Seas have witnessed an increasing trend in the catches of coastal cephalopods since the 1990s, with Loliginidae squid emerging as the main commercial target species. However, climate change and overfishing have led to a dramatic reduction in Loliginidae squid resources, highlighting the need to improve monitoring, protection, and management of this species. The Loligo beka and Uroteuthis duvaucelii are widely distributed along the coastal areas of the China Seas, and have commercial and ecological importance. Despite having overlapping distributions, similar life histories, and a strong dependence on the marine environment, there is limited knowledge about their growth and responses to environmental changes, hindering the effective management of their resources. In this study, we investigated the interspecies and intra-species differences in condition factor and their responses to temperature changes by analyzing data collected from wide coastal areas of the China Seas from June 2019 to November 2020. The findings showed that both species exhibited allometric growth and reproduced throughout the year, with two main breeding peaks. There were significant monthly variations and latitude differences in the intra-species growth, with a higher proportion of small-sized individuals (between 5 and 10 g for L. beka and between 10 and 20 g for U. duvaucelii) in low-latitude waters. The latitudinal differences in body weight and distribution between and within the two species were mainly due to natural habitats, especially temperature. Our mixed effect model results demonstrated that both species’ body weight increased with increasing temperature, suggesting that Loliginidae squid have significant environmental adaptability and can be used as an indicator species for studying environmental changes in the China Seas. These findings have significant implications for understanding the population dynamics, species development, and regionally specific management of Loliginidae squid fisheries in the China Seas.

Purification, characterization, and biological activities of melanin pigment isolated from Indian squid Uroteuthis duvaucelii

Purification, characterization, and biological activities of melanin pigment isolated from Indian squid Uroteuthis duvaucelii

Comparison of Cd, Cu, Se, and Zn Concentration in the Muscle and Hepatopancreas of Sepia pharaonis and Uroteuthis duvauceli in the North of Persian Gulf (Iran).

The objective of this research was to examine and contrast the levels of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) in the muscle and hepatopancreas tissues of two species, namely pharaoh cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) and Indian squid (Uroteuthis duvauceli), from the Persian Gulf. A total of thirty individuals of each species were gathered in January 2009 from the northern waters of the Persian Gulf. The metal concentrations were significantly higher in muscle tissue (p < 0.05) than in other tissues. S. pharaonis had higher metal concentrations than U. duvauceli. In the muscle and hepatopancreas samples of S. pharaonis, the highest mean concentrations were found to be for Zn (58.45 ± 0.96µg/g dw) and Cu (1541.47 ± 192.15µg/g dw), respectively. In U. duvauceli, the highest concentration of measured elements was seen for Zn in both muscle (36.52 ± 0.56µg/g dw) and hepatopancreas (60.94 ± 2.65µg/g dw). Se had the lowest concentration among the elements measured in both species. There was a negative and significant correlation between Cu and biometrical factors (total body length and weight) in both muscle and hepatopancreas samples of S. pharaonic and only in the muscle samples of U. duvauceli (p < 0.01, R2 = - 052; p < 0.01, R2 = - 0.055). However, there was a strong correlation between Zn and biometrical factors in hepatopancreas samples of both species. The comparison of metal concentrations with standards revealed that only Cd levels in S. pharaonis exceeded the ESFA and WHO standards, whereas other metals were below the standards.

Dynamics of growth and spawning in the Indian squid Uroteuthis duvaucelii (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae) from the tropical Arabian Sea

The dynamics of age, growth, maturation and spawning of the Indian squid Uroteuthis duvaucelii, were determined by statolith analysis in the tropical southeastern Arabian Sea. In the samples, the smallest male (30 mm Dorsal Mantle Length) was 63 days old and the largest (350 mm DML) 170 days old. The smallest female (32 mm DML) was 62 days old and the largest female (207 mm DML) was 146 days old. The maximum life span was estimated at 6 months. Recruitment to the trawl fishery occurred approximately after two months of age. The average daily growth rates were estimated as 1.22 mm DML/day for females and 1.48 mm DML/day for males. The age at first maturity was estimated as 98 days for males and 106 days for females. Hatch dates were distributed throughout the whole year with two peaks indicating the presence of two cohorts with varying growth dynamics. The best-fitting growth models were the Gompertz growth model for females and the Linear model for the male populations based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). This study suggests that fast growth and a short life span associated with a rapid population turnover may facilitate continuous recruitment to the fishery. From a conservation and management perspective, a closed fishing season during the peak spawning and hatching period (October–November) or in the subsequent recruitment period may prove beneficial to U. duvaucelii population in the Arabian Sea. This study further improves the overall understanding of the life-cycle of multiple spawning tropical squids.

Seasonal variations in cholesterol content of the Indian squid Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii (d'Orbigny [in Ferussac and d'Orbigny], 1835

Among seafood, shellfish and specifically cephalopods are known to contain higher levels of cholesterol. The correlation of dietary cholesterol with heart ailments has led people to become more health conscious and in this scenario the present study was carried out to investigate the monthly variations in Indian squid to aid in better decision making by consumers. Squid samples [Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii] were collected in quadruplicate on monthly basis for the period of one year (2015-2016) and subjected to analysis for cholesterol, non-saponifiable matter (NSM) and proximate composition. The cholesterol content of squid was highest (279 mg%) and lowest (7.3 mg%) during the months of April and December with respect to total length and size, respectively. A monthly variation in proximate composition of squid with respect to the total length and size was observed. No correlation observed between fat content and cholesterol in squid. Significant difference in cholesterol content was observed monthly in the squid samples. NSM content (0.23%) was negligible and undetectable in the samples. Keywords: Healthy diet, Heart disease, Proximate composition, Seafood

Some reproductive aspects of the Indian squid Loligo duvauceli in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt.

Some reproductive aspects of the Indian squid Loligo duvauceli in the Gulf of Suez, Egypt.

Rapid assessment of economically important species in the municipality of Concepcion

Purpose: The study aims to determine the volume of pelagic fishes’ catch landed in the Concepcion Fish Port after the close season. This study’s formulations supported the status of marine protected areas in Concepcion’s municipality, specifically in Poblacion, as to its sustainability for market and entrepreneurship. Methods: This study employed a descriptive survey research design. The participants were purposively selected fishers using commercial and municipal boats but residents of Concepcion’s Municipality. The data gathering was made through documentation and calculation of fish caught and identifying local, English, and scientific names. Results/Application: Results showed that commercial and municipal fishing boats were allowed to fish in Concepcion Municipal water. The fishing gears for municipal fishing boats used were boat drive-n net (DIN) or palubog, drift gillnet (DGN) or pamu, fish trap (FT) or bobo, encircling gill net (EGN) or likos, bag net (BGN) or baskal. Furthermore, with about 31 species of different marine resources, DIM topped the list, followed by DGN in a total of 22 species, FT 11, and both EGN and BGN only recorded one specie for municipal fishing gears. While in commercial fishing gear, ST has 27 marine species, 18 for RNAC, 9 for RNFF. The records revealed 54 species of pelagic and 12 other marine organisms caught in the Concepcion waters. The top 5 pelagic fishes dominated the lists were Sardinella lemuro or Bali sardinella (Tuloy), weighing almost 52,611.5; Scolopsis taenioptera or Lattice monocle bream (Opo-opos), weighs around 3,585.1 kilogrsm. Then, Gerres oyena or Common Silver Body (Latab), 2,104.2 kilograms; Scomberomorus commerson or Narrow barred Spanich Mackerel (Tangigue), 1,708.5 kilograms; and, Selaroide leptulepsis or Yellow Stripe Scad (Balinuan), 1,457.2 kilograms. For non-pelagic, the top of the survey was Phoyololigo duvauceli or Indian squid (Lokus) weighs around 5,000 kilograms. The results showed closed season is an effective way for fish reproduction of different pelagic fishes in the Visayan Sea. Keywords: Visayan sea; catch volume; Pelagic fish; Pelagic zone; fishing gears

Age and growth of the little Indian squid, Loliolus hardwickei (Gray, 1849) in the Arabian Sea

AbstractAge and growth of the little Indian squid Loliolus hardwickei (Gray, 1849) were studied using samples collected in the coastal waters of Arabian Sea. Statolith increment counts demonstrated that L. hardwickei has a fast growth rate (dorsal mantle length: 0.31–0.73 mm day−1 in females and 0.27–0.56 mm day−1 in males) and a short lifespan of less than 6 months. Females are the larger sex and their daily growth rates were higher than in males. The oldest male and female were 110 and 130 days old; the youngest mature female and male were 62 and 52 days old respectively. The oviducal fecundity ranged from 104–480 eggs, mean = 360 eggs (14–23 eggs g−1 body weight).

Antioxidative oxygenated terpenoids with bioactivities against pro-inflammatory inducible enzymes from Indian squid, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii

Cephalopod squid, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii is consumed as culinary delicacy along the southwest part of Asian continent. Ethyl acetate:methanol extract of U. duvaucelii was chromatographically fractionated to yield C19 furano-norditerpenoid (1) along with irregular C15 sesquiterpenoid (2) and C20 diterpenoid compounds (3). In vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant analyses were utilised to evaluate their bio-potentials. The C19 furano-norditerpenoid was reported for significantly effective 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical inhibition (IC50 0.60 mg/mL) than other compounds and α-tocopherol (IC50 ≥ 0.64 mg/mL). The 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid inhibition and ferrous ion chelating potentials were higher for compounds 1 and 2 (IC50 ∼ 0.69 and ∼0.84 mg/mL, respectively) compared to α-tocopherol (IC50 0.76–0.95 mg/mL). The studied compounds displayed comparable inhibitory activities with synthetic ibuprofen against pro-inflammatory inducible 5-lipoxygenase (IC50 ∼ 0.92 mg/mL). The lower hydrophobicity and steric variables were directly correlated with their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The studied compounds could be utilised as natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory functional food ingredients.

Nutritional profiling of selected species of edible marine molluscs from the south-west coast of India

The current study determined the nutritional parameters of selected species of edible marine molluscs viz., Indian squid Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii, veined octopus Amphioctopus marginatus, spineless cuttlefish Sepiella inermis and edible oyster Crassostrea bilineata (=madrasensis) from the Arabian Sea and estuarine systems of the south-west coast of India. The selected species demonstrated balanced essential to non-essential amino acids ratio (1.04-1.52). U. (P.) duvaucelii exhibited greater quantities of sulfur comprising amino acids (0.102 g 100 g-1 wet weight) and lysine (1.566 g 100 g-1). Among polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were found to be prominent in edible portion of the molluscs studied (7.6-10.3 and 8.7-17.4% respectively). A. marginatus exhibited significantly greater n-3/n-6 PUFA (~7, p&lt;0.05) than other molluscs. Lower thrombogenicity and atherogenicity indices (&lt;0.45 and &lt;0.85, respectively) make the mollusc studied during the present investigation valuable food items for cardioprotection and anti-platelet aggregation. Higher content of vitamin D3 (489 IU) and vitamin K1 (1.84 μg 100 g-1) in C. bilineata signified their importance in preventing osteoporosis. The results reveal that these species are good sources of essential elements and toxic metals were below threshold limits of recommended standards for human consumption.

Assessment of the Inhibitory Effects of Ficin-hydrolyzed Gelatin Derived from Squid (Uroteuthis duvauceli) on Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Animal Model

Marine novel natural products have been applied for cancer therapy. Enzyme-digested gelatin hydrolysates have proven to serve as promising sources of potent biologically active peptides. Potential anti-breast cancer properties of the extracted Ficin-digesterd gelatin hydrolysate from Indian squid (Uroteuthis duvauceli) was extensively characterized by cellular and animal models. Gelatin was extracted from squid skin, hydrolyzed by Ficin, and characterized by standard physico-chemical methods. Ficin-digested gelatin hydrolysate was used at various doses of 0-0.1 mg/mL for assessment of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells versus HUVEC normal cells. Cytotoxicity, phase-contrast morphological examination, apoptosis/necrosis, clonal-growth, cell-migration, Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) zymography, and Western blotting were used for cellular assessments. For animal studies, breast tumor-induced BALB/c mice received hydrolyzed gelatin regimen, followed by tumor size/growth and immune-histochemical analyses. Significant inhibition of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 with no cytotoxicity on HUVEC cells were detected. Apoptosis was increased in cancer cells, as revealed by elevated ratio of cleaved caspase-3 and PARP. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in both cancer cells were diminished. In mice, gelatin hydrolysate prevented weight loss, decreased tumor size, induced p53, and down-regulated Ki67 levels. These findings suggest that Ficin-digested gelatin hydrolysate could be a beneficial candidate for novel breast cancer therapies.

Spatial variability and abundance pattern of Indian squid off Maharashtra coast, India

An analysis was carried out on monthly spatial distribution and unusual congregation of Indian squid (Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii) off Maharashtra coast. Decadal, annual and monthly squid landing data were taken from National Marine Living Resources Data Centre (NMLRDC) of ICAR-CMFRI. Onboard fisheries information were collected from multi-day trawlers operating from Mumbai and Ratnagiri. Ocean environment parameters coming from Copernicus Marine Service Information with 1/12 degree horizontal resolution and 50 vertical depth level and OSCAR (Ocean Surface Current Analysis Real-time) near-surface ocean current estimates was derived using quasi-linear and steady flow momentum equations on a 1/3 degree grid with a 5 day resolution. In last decade, contribution of squid to total marine fish landing of Maharashtra rose from 2% to 7.3%. The decadal landing shows two peaks in 2012 and 2017. Indian squid landing in 2017 shows two peak, one during August to October confined to 150 N to 170 N latitude in 15 to 60 m depth off south Maharashtra and second in summer, during March-April months widely scattered in north and south Maharashtra. The unusual abundance of Indian squid during mid-October to mid- November 2017 were attributed to rise in coastal surface and subsurface temperature. Catch per hour of trawl and SST shows strong positive correlation (0.79) during the same period.

A study on food-medicine continuum among the non-institutionally trained siddha practitioners of Tiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India

BackgroundMedicinal properties of the food species are one of the poorly documented and important areas of ethnopharmacology. The present survey quantitatively documented the medicinal foods prescribed by the non-institutionally trained siddha practitioners of Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu.MethodsField work was carried out between December 2014 and April 2017 using a questionnaire. The illnesses mentioned by the informants were grouped as illness categories on the basis of emic perceptions. Sufficiency of sampling of this survey was assessed by plotting the cumulative number of UR and Shannon-Wiener’s index. The indices such as informant consensus factor (FIC), Index of Agreement on Remedies (IAR), and Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI) were calculated.ResultsThis study documented 165 medicinal foods used by 82 non-institutionally trained siddha practitioners of Tiruvallur district, and 73.93% of these preparations were plant based. Among the animal taxa, 82.05% were represented by fish taxa. The illness category gastrointestinal ailments is the majorly cited illness category treated with plant-based formulations. The illness categories viz., gastrointestinal ailments, hemorrhoids, and neural ailments had high consensus under the group of plant-based medicinal foods. In animal-based medicinal foods, kapha ailments had gained 23.07% of UR. The illness categories such as bone fractures, male reproductive ailments, blood ailments, and anabolic had high FIC values.ConclusionsDeeper studies on different dietary cultures of India may help to derive better interpretations on food-medicine continuum. This study identified some important claims such as the use of citron, pomegranate and Solanum americanum (gastrointestinal ailments), Abutilon indicum, onions and elephant foot yam (hemorrhoids), Boerhavia diffusa (urinary ailments), Moringa oleifera (anemia), Aloe vera (gynecological ailments), Eclipta prostrata (liver ailments), ivy gourd (diabetes), citron (hypertension), Centella asiatica (psychological ailments), spade nose shark (lactogogue), reticulate whipray (wheezing and bronchitis), Katelysia opima (impotence), Indian squid (anemia), and Indian oil sardine (anabolic). More studies on these claims will help identify novel functional foods to add to the field of medical nutrition therapy, with traditional brand identity. Robust studies on the documentation of the traditional knowledge on marine resources will yield a good database for various stakeholders and policy makers.

Morphological, anatomical and reproductive features of Loliolus (Loliolus) hardwickei (Gray, 1849) caught from the Vizhinjam Coast, Kerala, India

The morphological, anatomical and reproductive features of the little Indian squid, Loliolus (Loliolus) hardwickei (Gray, 1849) were studied based on samples collected from boat seine operated along the Vizhinjam Coast. The species was found to be a new entrant to the fishery along the Vizhinjam Coast. A total of 27 morphometric characters were measured and 13 indices were calculated and reported. Dorsal mantle length (DML) of the specimens ranged from 2.6 to 6.8 cm with a mean DML of 4.5±0.88 cm. The largest specimen observed was a male with DML 6.8 cm. Fully mature (Stage IV) specimens were found to have a higher gonadosomatic index (12.54±2.64 in females and 0.8±0.21 in males). Average length and width of spermatophores were 3.078±0.092 mm and 0.11±0.02 mm respectively. Samples with higher DML were in advanced maturity stages (Stage V). Size composition (DML) of samples revealed that 50% of squids were within the 4-5 cm size range.

Physical and functional properties of Indian squid (Loligo duvauceli) and cuttlefish (Sepia latimanus) ink powder

Physical and functional properties of Indian squid (Loligo duvauceli) and cuttlefish (Sepia latimanus) ink powder

Bio-chemical composition, functional, and rheological properties of fresh meat from fish, squid, and shrimp: A comparative study

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to evaluate bio-chemical composition, functional, and rheological properties of croaker fish (Johnius dussumieri), Indian squid (Loligo duvaucelii), and white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in fresh condition. The n-3 fatty acids were slightly higher in croaker fish (14.91 %) compared to that in Indian squid (13.59 %) and white leg shrimp (13.02 %). The solubility and viscosity of croaker fish proteins were significantly (p < 0.05) lower as compared to shrimp and squid proteins, while the emulsion capacity was higher for squid proteins. The histological study of squid muscles revealed a unique and strong arrangement of myofibrils. Dynamic viscoelastic behaviour of fresh meat of croaker fish and white leg shrimp revealed that transition from sol to gel took place between 48°C to 65°C and 39.93°C to 64.30°C, respectively, while in case of Indian squid, gel formation (increase in G’) progressed mainly in two steps: the first step at low temperature range of 5–28.41°C and the second step over 45°C. Along with this, gel breakdown occurred in the range of 28–45°C. Our study suggested that the temperature range for sol to gel transformation differs from species to species considerably and hence, a specific temperature range may be determined to have maximum gelling ability for every fish species used as raw material for gel-based formulations.