Indian Female Research Articles

Anthropometric Analysis of Indian Faces: A Systematic Review.

Facial anthropometric data vary significantly within the Indian population due to the racial, ethnic and geographic diversity. The anthropometric data of a given ethnic community may not match the other due to diverse ethnic variations, and hence, this study is intended to review the facial anthropometric data pertaining to the diverse Indian populace through a systematic literature survey. An electronic search done on Medline, Embase and Central databases was utilized to conduct a systematic review of literature. The available data were analyzed based on the various esthetic subunits of the face. The following inclusion criteria were considered: (1) studies depicting the anthropometric data of any ethnic group identified as belonging to India, (2) studies originating from Indian subcontinent, (3) studies which included data of male and female subjects separately and (4) articles in English language only. The following exclusion criteria were considered: (1) atudies conducted on participants with severe malocclusion, developmental craniofacial anomalies, post-traumatic facial deformities or with a history of previous craniofacial or cosmetic surgery, (2) studies which did not specify the anthropometric landmarks used to obtain the measurements, (3) studies in which the statistical analysis was not provided, or if data were grouped across genders and (4) editorials, commentaries, case reports, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and articles not available in English language. Twenty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. Majority of the Indians, particularly men, seem to have a mesoproscopic facial phenotype. The vertical and horizontal facial dimensions of the Indian male are comparably larger than the Indian female. There is sexual dimorphism among the Indian population with regard to the upper and lower thirds of the face, with little or no gender difference as regards the middle third of the face. It was observed that the nasal dimensions of the Indian race were not compatible with that of the occidental, oriental or the western race. The overall facial structure and the upper half of the face were critical in determining facial attractiveness in Indian males while the lower half of the face and the mandibular contour were critical in determining facial attractiveness in females. It is observed that there is a paucity of facial anthropometric data for the Indian population considering the ethnic, racial and geographic diversity. Since the prevalence of craniofacial anomalies and dentofacial deformities in India is high and thus the scope for corrective surgery, it is important to compile baseline facial anthropometric data based on the ethnic diversity of the Indian population.

A rare case of choroidal melanoma in pregnant Indian female

Choroidal melanoma is a rare ocular malignancy in the Asian population but despite its rarity, it is the most common intraocular malignancy. In the Western population, it has been reported in younger men and females of childbearing age, particularly pregnant females. This is the first reported case of choroidal melanoma in pregnant Indian female in India, which reviews the imaging features of choroidal melanoma and emphasizes the need for further study to evaluate the causes of the increasing incidence of pregnancy-associated melanoma (PAM) in Indian females. We present a case of a 29-year-old pregnant female, diagnosed with choroidal melanoma in the right eye during the 7th month of pregnancy. Upon clinical and diagnostic imaging, the choroidal melanoma was treated by enucleation 20 days postpartum and the histopathology examination confirmed a mixed cell type choroidal melanoma. Systemic metastasis work-up was unremarkable both in the mother and the baby.

Temporal Analysis of Indian Female Participation and Achievements in International Sports Events

This paper reviews the participation of Indian females in international sports over time. Despite representing about half of India’s population, female participation in sports, particularly at the international level, has been lower than desired. However, female athletes have achieved significant success in international competitions. The study analyzes the participation and achievements of Indian females in the Commonwealth Games, Asian Games, and Olympic Games. At the Rio Olympics in 2016, India had 120 participants, with 54 males and 66 females, making female representation 45%. At the Tokyo Olympics 2020, women made up 53 of the 121 participants, securing 3 out of India’s 7 medals (approximately 43%), including one silver and two bronze. The Tokyo Paralympics 2020 was India’s most successful, with 19 medals (5 – gold, 8 – silver, and 6 – bronze). Female athletes also excelled, with Bhavina Patel winning India’s first Paralympic medal in table tennis, and shooter Avani Lekhara becoming the first Indian woman to win a gold medal and multiple medals in the Paralympics. The analysis shows that sports like archery and badminton have higher female participation, while athletics, golf, shooting, and wrestling have more male participants. There is no female representation in judo, rowing, and boxing, and no male representation in gymnastics.

Women’s Lives in a Spanish-Texas Community: San Antonio de Béxar, 1718–1821

Women’s Lives in a Spanish-Texas Community: San Antonio de Béxar, 1718–1821 Jesús F. de la Teja (bio) Click for larger view View full resolution Béxar’s women enjoyed a full social life and, under certain circumstances, a public economic life as well. The woman at the center of scene might well be operating a cantina in her home—note the crosses, toys, and household items hanging on the walls—while the young woman on the right, possibly a family member or criada (servant, but literally “raised” or “brought up”) helps with the seemingly perpetual task of making tortillas, while the woman at the lower left holds a child in her arms. General Research Division, The New York Public Library. “Trajes mexicanos, un Fandango = Costumes mexicains = Mexican dresses.” New York Public Library Digital Collections, https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e2-16b9-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 [Accessed Aug. 24, 2022]. [End Page 332] Jane Long is not the mother of Texas, although that is how she was identified at least by the 1870s, and that is how she has been depicted in Texas history books for over a century.1 Former U.S. senator Kay Bailey Hutchison repeated this sobriquet in her book, Unflinching Courage: Pioneering Women Who Shaped Texas, which does not include a single Tejana2 or American Indian female. One look at Hutchison’s bibliography tells the story; it does not even list Teresa Palomo Acosta and Ruthe Winegarten’s Las Tejanas: 300 Years of History, published by the University of Texas Press in 2003. Hutchison’s myopia is neither new nor surprising. She represents a vision of what it means to be Texan and sends a very particular message (although one with fewer and fewer adherents all the time): that Jane Long could be the mother of Texas because only Anglo [End Page 333] women are really Texan. While most historians in the academy long ago abandoned this myopic perspective, it remains entrenched in the state’s popular history.3 But history is also driven by the record, and traditional use of the archival record has not been kind to borderlands women generally and Indigenous and Hispanic4 women specifically. Records have been most plentiful about the actions of public men doing public things. Records of statecraft, business, and religion are dominated by the presence of men, who since the time that history became a formal part of the academy have also been its principal writers. Men are also much more abundant in government and legal records, so when historians have looked at social and cultural themes, they have been conditioned to see men first. With the professionalization of history in the nineteenth century and men dominating the academy, historical research and writing became a principally male endeavor, and women and their actions and roles, already poorly represented in many types of records, fell by the wayside. This male-dominated landscape has undergone a substantial transformation in the last half-century, particularly with regard to more recent history, but the farther back in time one looks, the more difficult it becomes to center women in historical narratives.5 Spanish Texas is a particularly good example of how unkind the historical record can be to women’s history, although the situation extends throughout the borderlands. Few local records (where women would be most likely to be found) survive for the province’s first capital, Nuestra Señora de los Adaes, now a historical site in western Louisiana. As Francis [End Page 334] Galán points out, “The women of Los Adaes evidently did not leave behind any wills during the fort’s existence.”6 Likewise, there is almost a complete dearth of local records for La Bahía del Espíritu Santo, now Goliad, and for Nacogdoches. For those places the bulk of the surviving documentation addresses government and military matters and the activities of missionaries. Only San Antonio of the original Spanish Texas communities has a fairly extensive set of local sacramental, legal, and administrative records from which colonial-era gender issues can be identified and analyzed.7 As Donald Chipman and Harriett Denise Joseph note in their one chapter...

CBCT Imaging of a Rare Case of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular Second Molar

The presence of an additional supernumerary distolingual root in the mandibular molar is termed Radix Entomolaris (RE). It is common in the mandibular first molar, but its occurrence in the mandibular second molar is scarcely reported in the literature. Two-dimensional imaging can diagnose anatomical root canal variations when taken with different horizontal angulations. With the recent innovations in three-dimensional diagnostic imaging, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) can aid in unfolding the complexities of the root canal system. Accurate diagnosis by CBCT leads to the success of endodontic treatment. A rare case of radix entomolaris in the mandibular second molar in an Indian female is reported here with three of its CBCT findings. Imaging in all three dimensions, oblique sections and volume rendering by CBCT proved to be of additional help to understand the complex anatomy and root canal morphology of the tooth.

ADULT AUTOIMMUNE ENTEROPATHY IN INDIA : A RARE ENTITY AND AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION

Introduction: Autoimmune enteropathy is an X-linked autoimmune disease. A syndrome of intractable diarrhea, varying levels of villous atrophy of small intestine , presence of circulating autoantibodies to enterocytes. Diagnostic criteria is any 3 of the following features 1) features of malabsorption 2) Diarrhea > 6 weeks 3) HPE showing villous blunting with crypt and intraepithelial lymphocytosis 4) exclusion of other causes of villous atrophy like celiac disease and refractory sprue 5) serology positive for antibodies like anti-enterocyte and anti-goblet. Aims & objectives : The aim of this case report was to report a rare case of autoimmune enteropathy in an Indian female , with an atypical presentation with diagnostic and treatment challenges. The typical presentation of autoimmune enteropathy i Discussion: s chronic diarrhea with features of malnutrition and weight loss. But the presentation in this patient was more in favour of presentation of koch's abdomen , mostly of TB peritonitis with ascitic component. . Adult autoimmune enteropathy being a rare entity is thought late in differential diagnosis. The presence of antibodies , intraop ndings and response to steroids favour autoimmune enteropathy. Although AIE is a rare entity,a multifactorial and a high degree of suspicion is necessary for diagnosis. In a country like India, where tuberculosis is so prevalent, Conclusion: other differential diagnosis should also be thought of before coming to a conclusion.,as other diseases like autoimmunity previously thought to be rare are not so. ATT should only be started after conrming the diagnosis with histopathology report

Analysis of demographic characteristics affecting labour curve in low risk pregnant woman in tertiary care hospital in Central India

Background: Since decades labour curve given by E. Friedman in 1950 is used in obstetrics practices all over the world; but recent studies have highlighted labour progression pattern which deviates from Friedman’s curve. Recently there have been many studies done to focus on progress of labour in contemporary labouring females. Till date no other study has been focused on developing labour curves for Indian origin females. This study is done to evaluate pattern of labour progress in central Indian origin female. Objective: To analyse demographic characteristics affecting spontaneous labour progression in low risk pregnant females of central Indian origin. Material and methods: It was prospective observational study done from August 2017 to July 2018. Low risk term pregnant women with spontaneous onset of labour were included and findings were entered in a pre-structured format. Results: Mean age of study population was 24.43 years with a range of 18 to 35 years. Mean body mass index (BMI) of study population was 21.49 with a range of 18.5 -30 kg/m2. Maximum number of females were nulliparous i.e 79.10%. Mean cervical dilatation at admission was 4 cm. Mean duration of active phase of labour was 3.66 hrs. 

How Identity Informs the Bicultural Context of South African Indian Women Engineers

This qualitative study articulated the voices of 25 South African Indian women engineers through the exploration of their identities in a bicultural context. Data extracted from their life stories provided elucidation of participants’ bicultural identity navigation. This applied firstly in a personal context, historically known for its culturally driven patriarchal undertones. Secondly, their professional context, in a career dominated by men and deeply rooted in gender partiality against women engineers. Findings of this research indicated the transformed application of Indian cultural norms evidenced by (a) growing family support of a career that would – under Indian culture – be deemed unsuitable for an Indian female, and (b) an unexpected finding: the rise of a paternal motivator that contributed to positive socialisation informing autonomous career decision-making by participants. The continued dominance of men in the profession presented as a strong negative indicator adversely impacting fluid navigation. This article contributed to the literature on identity and biculturalism by considering an insufficiently studied sample of women. The findings and recommendations of this article provided previously untapped information about the identity challenges faced by bicultural female engineers in a male-dominated profession.

Factors contributing and promoting Open Innovation in Indian female-owned Food Processing SMEs- Prioritizing through the AHP technique

The prime motivation behind this investigation is to recognize and organize the different factors connected to Open Innovation in the already up and running from last five years Indian female owned SMEs in Food Processing Industry. Fifteen Indian female owners were chosen. An AHP system was utilized to examine the weight of basic elements leading towards Open Innovation. All things considered, the respondents organized advancement technique, opportunity acknowledgment, money and inspiration as the principle criteria that leads to Open Innovation in Indian females owned SMEs in Food Processing. COVID-19, gender gap, raising inner and outer funds were likewise observed as a hindrance ladies face that usually would keep them away from innovative tasks performed for business. The result of this examination is giving policymakers in India food for thought regarding the significance of the factors connected to development of Indian female owned SMEs in Food Processing Industry and will be able to move towards sustainable development goals- Goal 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and Goal 5 (gender equality) which is required for the economic development of the country. This will assist them with systemizing and organizing the basic, advancement of open innovation factors in Indian female owned Food Processing SMEs, which will give a boost to the contribution of Indian females in the financial development of India, which a developing country currently.

Aesthetic rehabilitation of a dental fluorosis case with porcelain laminate veneers

Fluorosis is a crippling disease and an ongoing challenge for India. It is a public health problem caused by excess intake of fluoride through drinking water, food products and industrial pollutants over a long period of time. Ingestion of excess fluoride, most commonly in drinking-water affects the teeth and bones. Repeated exposure to high concentrations of fluoride during tooth development, leading to enamel with reduced mineral content and increased porosity. Selection of appropriate treatment plan depends upon the severity of fluorosis. Porcelain laminate veneers are considered the treatment of choice for moderate to severe cases of fluorosis given the optimum aesthetics, wear resistance, biocompatibility, and long-term results of these veneers. This case report describes a step-by-step rehabilitation of dental fluorosis, using porcelain laminate veneers in a 28-year-old Indian female.

A rare case of idiopathic multiple small bowel strictures in Indian subcontinent: a case report

Small bowel ulcers and strictures are uncommon but when they occur they can be an important cause of morbidity. We reported a case of a multiple strictures in small bowel that was treated surgically pain for 15 years. She also had hypoalbuminemia and iron deficiency anemia. A diagnosis of small bowel stricture was made on CT and surgery was advised. Resection of the 100 cm long segment of small bowel was done. Approximately 10 smooth strictures were identified in the resected segment. Histology did not identify any specific cause. A 43 year old Indian female was diagnosed with subacute small bowel obstruction. She had a history of chronic abdominal pain for 15 years. She also had hypoalbuminemia and iron deficiency anemia. A diagnosis of small bowel stricture was made on CT and surgery was advised. Resection of the 100 cm long segment of small bowel was done. Approximately 10 smooth strictures were identified in the resected segment. Histology did not identify any specific cause. Subacute small bowel obstruction can be associated with various factors. Multiple idiopathic small bowel strictures can be considered as one of the causes. In present case no cause of ulcers and strictures could be found. Idiopathic multiple bowel strictures with fecalith is rare. Histopathology and other investigations revealed no specific cause. We recorded no postoperative complications 2 months after surgery by resection and anastomosis.

Prevalence and Etiology of Thrombocytopenia in Pregnant Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Delhi

Background: Thrombocytopenia is the second most common hematologic abnormalities in pregnancy next to anemia. Its etiology is not well understood in the pregnant females. Aim: To find out the prevalence of thrombocytopenia (hospital based) in pregnant women and the various etiologic factors responsible for thrombocytopenia in pregnant Indian women. Setting and Design: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: One thousand pregnant registered females attending the antenatal clinic were studied with detailed history, examination, hemogram on Sysmex KX-21 hematology analyzer (Transasia: Mumbai, India Diamed, Switzerland) five part differential analyzer in blood collected in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid vials, liver and kidney function tests, and other relevant special hematologic tests depending upon the clinical diagnosis. Statistical Analysis: By using the Chi-squared test, values of P < 0.05 being considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy was 134/1000 (13.4%). Moderate thrombocytopenia was observed in 72/134 (53.7%) and severe thrombocytopenia in 14/134 (10.4%). About 125/134 (93.3%) of the thrombocytopenic patients were in the third trimester. Majority of them belonged to 21 to 25 years of age and had B+ blood group. Most common etiology was gestational thrombocytopenia (GT) in 46/134 (34.3%). Anemia was found in 27/134 (20.1%) patients. Conclusion: In Indian thrombocytopenic female, most common cause is GT but lesser than western world. The prevalence of associated anemia is higher in this part of world.

INFLUENCE OF SYMMETRIC & ASYMMETRIC ALTERATIONS OF MAXILLARY CANINE POSITION ON THE PERCEPTION OF SMILE ESTHETICS BY DENTISTS & LAYPERSONS.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in the perception of smile esthetics in symmetric & asymmetric alterations of maxillary canine position by dentists and laypersons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Close-up smile photograph of an Indian female was selected. The image was altered digitally & the canine vertical position was modied. A total of 9 images were obtained & were evaluated by 35 dentists and by 35 laypersons who determined the attractiveness of each smile using a Visual Analog Scale. RESULTS: For both dentists and laypersons; the symmetric & asymmetric alterations in canine vertical positions had a statistically signicant correlation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: For both dentists and laypersons the most attractive smile was the standard smile and the smile that was least attractive was with bilateral 1 mm extrusion. Dentists were more critical in their assessment.

Differences of Palatal Rugae Patterns between Chinese and Indian Female

Palatal rugae are irregular protrusions that are anatomically located on the anterior maxillary mucous membrane, on each side of the median palatal raphe next to the posterior incisor papilla. The aim of this research was to determine the differences of palatal rugae pattern between Chinese and Indian females. This study was descriptive by using the observation method to a total of 50 female samples consisted of 30 Chinese and 20 Indian using purposive sampling. Impressions of the upper jaws were taken and cast with dental stone. The palatal rugae pattern was identified according to Martin dos Santos classification. The most frequent palatal rugae pattern in Chinese females is curve form (41.00%), followed by line form (23.85%) and sinuous form (15.90%). On the other hand, Indian females mostly have sinuous form (28.83%), followed by line form (23.93%) and curve form (20.25%). Thus, there is a difference between palatal rugae pattern between Chinese and Indian females which is the curve forms is more common in Chinese females while the sinuous forms is more common in Indian females.

Schwannoma of Dorsal spine: A case report of a 25 year old female with Schwannoma at D10-11 level

Background: Spinal Schwannomas are benign nerve sheath tumors within the spinal canal, typically arising from the spinal nerve roots and it is the most common nerve sheath tumor of spine. Case presentation: This report describes a case of Schwannoma at D10-11 level in a 25 year old Indian female. The clinical, radiological, neurological evaluation and management are presented in this report. Conclusion: nerve sheath tumor has high propensity to involve at dorsal spine and early diagnosis and gross total excision usually give very good clinical and neurological outcome.

Anterior Mediastinal Mass: A Rare Presentation of Thyroid Mass Compressing Mediastinal Structures

Background: Anterior mediastinum is a very rare site of ectopic thyroid and such cases are usually identified incidentally by radiography. Case presentation: We report a case of a 46 year old Indian female was operated for a mass located in the anterior mediastinum. Diagnosis of thyroid tissue was confirmed by Histopathology section and the mass was resected totally. She died after a month due to multiple complications. Introduction: The anterior mediastinal space is almost a virtual space. However, the multiplicity of the structures it contains and the diversity of disease processes affecting them make it a region of great clinical interest. The anterior mediastinal compartment (also referred to as the anterosuperior compartment) is anterior to the pericardium and includes lymphatic tissue, the thymus, the extra pericardial aorta and its branches. The great veins masses in the anterior compartment are more likely to be malignant than those found in the other mediastinal compartments. Mediastinal masses are commonly encountered in clinical practice. However, they represent a challenging and urgent diagnostic problem because the differential diagnoses range from absolutely benign to a highly malignant condition. Any delay in diagnosis may be fatal. The common anterior masses include thymoma, lymphoma, and germ cell tumours Ectopic mediastinal thyroid is a rare clinical entity [1]. It comprises some 1% of all mediastinal tumors. And because of silent clinical findings, it is difficult to diagnose clinically. Therefore, they remain asymptomatic for many years, until the mass becomes larger in size. The purpose of this paper was to report this case of ectopic thyroid because of its rarity.

Prevalence and Correlation of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux in Females with Vitamin D Deficiency in a Multi-Specialty Polyclinic in New Delhi, India

Background: Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) is a condition in which gastric content reflux into the larynx and pharynx. It is one of the extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), involving the laryngeal regio. The laryngopharyngeal epithelium is more susceptible to reflux-related tissue injury than the esophageal epithelium. Objectives: This study aimed to test the hypothesis of whether severe vitamin D deficiency results in increased Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) symptoms in Indian females. The objective was to find out the prevalence of LPR in the severe vitamin D deficient Indian female population. Methods: A descriptive observational study was done at a multispecialty polyclinic in New Delhi, India, over a period of one year. Based on a pilot study, a sample size of 185 individuals was taken. All females referring to the general outpatient department (OPD) with vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml were included. The frequency of LPR symptoms in the study participants was assessed using the reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux finding score (RFS) given for all symptomatic patients using a validated scoring system. The data were analyzed descriptively with Microsoft Excel and SPSS version 21 using appropriate tests. Results: In this study, 92% of the subjects aged more than 25 years, and the mean vitamin D level was 9.87 (± 3.425) ng/ml. Moreover, 74% of study participants had severe vitamin D deficiency (≤ 10 ng/ml). The mean RSI for our study participants was 14.54 (± 10.353). Also, the mean RFS was 1.77 (± 3.069). No significant correlation was established between the severity of vitamin D deficiency and RSI as well as RFS. The prevalence of LPR was 43%. Conclusions: Hypovitaminosis D does not have any effect on LPR in the Indian female population.

Abstract 4105: Co-existing ESR1 D538G mutation and ESR1-CCDC170 fusion in a patient with metastatic hormone receptor positive breast cancer with progression after hormonal therapy

Abstract Breast cancer has a high annual incidence among females in India, with an age adjusted rate of 25.8 cases per 100,000 women and a mortality rate of 12.7 per 100,000 women1. Approximately 75% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor positive (ER+), and unfortunately, a significant number will develop resistance to first line hormonal therapy. Although several mechanisms have been linked to hormonal therapy resistance, no biomarker in clinical use currently exists to predict hormonal therapy resistance in a reliable manner. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) is not routinely performed for metastatic breast carcinoma (MBC) in a relapsed setting in India. This research highlights utility of CGP on a MBC sample combined with interpretation by Watson™ for Genomics (WfG), an artificial-intelligence (AI)-based decision-support system (DSS), when a patient in a middle-income country developed resistance to endocrine therapy. A 33-year-old Indian female was diagnosed with ER+, progesterone-receptor-negative (PR-), human-epidermal-receptor-2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer. Two years later, she noted an axillary mass which was biopsied and revealed an ER+, PR-, HER2- MBC metastasis. CGP was performed with a panel from Illumina designed to detect genomic alterations in 170 genes, including 148 genes for substitutions and indels, 55 genes for fusion and splice variants, and 59 genes for copy number variation detection. Variant annotation and interpretation performed using WfG revealed co-existing ESR1 D538G mutation and ESR1-CCDC170 fusion. In addition, alterations in CCND1 resulting in activation of the CDK signaling pathway, an oncogenic mutation in MTOR resulting in activation of the MTOR/PI3K signaling pathway, and amplification of FGFR1, a poor prognostic factor in MBC, were also identified. While ESR1 D538 and ESR1-CCDC170 fusion individually have been reported to confer resistance to endocrine therapy, to the best of our knowledge, our report is the first HR+ MBC case with these two oncogenic alterations co-occurring in a metastatic tumor suggesting a synergistic role. CGP in this patient revealed a possible mechanism of resistance to endocrine therapy informing the physician to change treatment to a generic mTOR inhibitor based on the oncogenic MTOR mutation. In conclusion, assessment of DNA/RNA tumor variants in one assay along with a robust AI-based DSS can provide relevant information for consideration by the clinician when developing a treatment plan, may create efficiencies in tumor sample usage, time, and cost of treatment. Further research is needed to explore the functional synergy of the oncogenic ESR1 mutation and fusion detected in this patient's tumor and the role of identifying these pathogenic variants through circulating tumor cell or cell-free DNA assays to detect minimal residual disease. Citation Format: Ravindra Kolhe, Ashis Mondal, Nikhil Sahajpal, Meenakshi Ahluwalia, Yull Arriaga, Allan Njau, David Brotman, Jane Snowdon, Gretchen Jackson, Dilhan Weeraratne. Co-existing ESR1 D538G mutation and ESR1-CCDC170 fusion in a patient with metastatic hormone receptor positive breast cancer with progression after hormonal therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 4105.

Symptomatic acute pulmonary embolism despite thromboprophylaxis after simultaneous total knee arthroplasty: Case report in an Indian female

Symptomatic acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in a post-operative orthopaedic condition is a medical emergency with grave prognosis if left undetected. Simultaneous total knee arthroplasty (TKA) need prior identification and risk assessment. A prophylactic thromboprophylaxis expectedly reduces the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and PE. We report a 52-year old obese Indian female who underwent simultaneous TKA with standard operating protocol. Peri-operative mechanical and chemo-thromboprophylaxis was given with no evidence of DVT. Acute PE presented on 3rd post-operative day with an episode of breathlessness, chest pain and desaturation. A positive computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and high D-dimer levels were conclusive. Management with therapeutic anticoagulant therapy was done. No late mortality occurred. Return to her activities of daily living with improved knee scores was the desired outcome.Simultaneous TKA in patient with a high body mass index should receive prophylactic thromboprophylaxis. Pre-operative risk stratification in TKA with a high index of suspicion in postoperative period are necessary steps to identify and manage a potentially fatal acute PE.

A case of tubercular lymphadenopathy and review of literature

Tubercle bacilli infects approximately one-third of the world's population as per the World Health Organization. New cases of the active disease developing each year constitute eight million of which three million people die. Tubercular lymphadenopathy is often rare compared to pulmonary tuberculosis. We present a case of a 29-year-old Indian female, who was immunocompetent and HIV negative, with a 3-month history of recurring fever, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, vomiting, and loss of weight. On examination, she had disseminated lymphadenopathy including supraclavicular lymph nodes. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the right supraclavicular node showed acid-fast bacilli along with caseation necrosis and was consistent with tubercular lymphadenopathy. Disseminated tubercular lymphadenopathy is extremely rare in immunocompetent individuals. The crux in the approach to disseminated lymphadenopathy lies in the diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenopathy, confirmed by histological and microbiological findings since it has a good prognosis with an active antituberculous treatment regime resulting in a favorable outcome.