Indian Coffee Research Articles

Coffee in Indian Economy: Performance and Prospects

Coffee is a universal hot beverage, and its international trade volumes point to significant approval in favour of coffee consumption. For many nations in the tropics, coffee is a major source of foreign exchange. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the global and domestic coffee industry, with a particular focus on India's role based on the secondary data taken from different sources like ITC trade map, Coffee Board of India and international coffee organization statistics, etc. In 2022, global coffee production reached 10.89 million tons, with Brazil, Vietnam, and Indonesia leading the output. Despite being the eighth-largest coffee producer, India's export ranking is relatively low due to significant domestic consumption. This study employs standard econometric tools, such as compound annual growth rate, Cuddy Della Index, Markov chain analysis, etc. The Johansen co-integration test revealed a long-run equilibrium relationship among selected Arabica and Robusta coffee markets. Furthermore, the pair-wise Granger causality test identified unidirectional causality in price transmission among certain Arabica markets, while bidirectional causality was observed among Robusta markets. The paper also highlights the declining coffee yield in India due to biotic and abiotic stressors, despite an increase in production and cultivation area. The study concludes with a discussion on the dynamics of Indian coffee exports, where high domestic demand and fluctuating international prices contribute to the sector's variability. This research provides valuable insights into the performance and prospects of the coffee industry within the Indian economy, offering a basis for future policy and market interventions.

Impact of different varieties and mature stages on phytochemicals from Coffea arabica and Coffea robusta leaves

In the present study, we analysed the presence of anti-nutrients (tannins and phytates) in coffee leaves and subsequently explored the phytochemicals from Indian coffee leaves across different species, varieties and stages of maturity (young and mature). The phytochemicals investigated included total phenolics (TP), 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), quercetin, caffeine, trigonelline and mangiferin. Our findings revealed that coffee leaves contained 0.83–1.18% phytates and 14.04–14.46% tannins. The highest levels of TP were recorded in the young leaves of Kent's (79.62 ± 3.5 mg CQAE/g) and C × R (75.90 ± 3.8 mg CQAE/g) varieties of Arabica and Robusta respectively. 5-CQA and quercetin were in the range of 5–20 mg/g and 2–14 mg/g while caffeine and trigonelline were found between 0.2 and 8 mg/g and 9.26–19.12 mg/g respectively. Mangiferin was observed to be present only in the Arabica varieties at the levels of 2–8 mg/g. The matured leaves exhibited a 50–60% reduction in phytochemicals compared to the young leaves. The principal component analysis (PCA) unveiled a substantial correlation between phytochemicals and antioxidant activities, with PC1 and PC2 accounting for 63.1% and 19.9% of the total variance, respectively. Our study highlights the influence of species, varieties and maturity level on the phytochemicals from coffee leaves. The leaves generated from coffee estate agronomic practices hold great potential for commercialization and the development of innovative value-added products, thereby contributing to a more sustainable coffee industry.

:Brewing Resistance: Indian Coffee House and the Emergency in Postcolonial India

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewBrewing Resistance: Indian Coffee House and the Emergency in Postcolonial India. By Kristin Victoria Magistrelli Plys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. x+350. $125.00.Yael BerdaYael BerdaHebrew University of Jerusalem Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Sociology Volume 128, Number 6May 2023 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/723837 For permission to reuse a book review printed in the American Journal of Sociology, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Value Chain Upgrading Strategies for Sustainable Coffee Industry:- A Visionary SWOT Approach

The government of India believes boosting exports of agricultural commodities is a sure-shot way to enhance the farmer’s income in the country [1]. Indian coffee is primarily an export-oriented commodity with over 75 per cent of the annual production being exported to various destinations around the world [2]. Small coffee growers dominate coffee production in the country. The study comprised both qualitative and quantitative data collected for coffee value chain actors in Kodagu districts of Karnataka during the study period. The main objective of the study is to develop strategies to upgrade the value chain for the sustainable coffee industry. The results of the study indicate that value chains for coffee are largely diffuse, with limited coordination in terms of quality and specifications in the conventional chain. For up gradation in the value chain in the study area farmers has to adopt Branding and Labeling, value chain through bio-dynamic farming, Sale through direct auction, Collectivization, Direct Sale of ripe cherries to a Corporate, Internet Marketing, organic certification etc [1]. This study suggests that upgrading strategies could be difficult at the level of the chain without any institutional support. Hence, the government needs to develop policies for effortless adoption by the coffee planters of identified upgrading strategies.

The Project of Independence: Architectures of Decolonization in South Asia, 1947–1985

The Project of Independence: Architectures of Decolonization in South Asia, 1947–1985

Direction and Export Performance of Coffee in India

The present study was conducted in the Department of Economics and Sociology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Punjab Agricultural University, Punjab, India to examine growth performance and share of coffee in agricultural export from 2000-01 to 2016–17. The data on quantity of coffee exports from 2005-06 to 2016-17 were collected and used to examine the direction of trade and changing pattern of coffee exports with the use of first order Markov chain analysis. The top six major destinations in each type of coffee were selected for the analysis. The share of coffee in agricultural export earnings was nearly 4% in 2000-01 and decreased to 2% in 2016–17 which is a matter of great concern. The results of Markov Chain Analysis revealed that the major destinations for Indian coffee were Italy, Germany, Belgium, USA, Turkey and Slovenia. Kuwait was the most stable destination for plantation coffee exports, while in case of Arabica cherry Belgium, for Robusta parchment Italy, Germany and Spain for Robusta cherry and for Instant coffee Turkey and Russian federation were the most stable destinations. The climatic events and supply shocks remain the real threat to the development of a balanced market and sustainable conditions for the Indian coffee economy. The Government of India is expected to announce an interest subsidy scheme for exporters in order to boost coffee exports and explore new markets.

Survey for incidence of coffee white stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes (Chevrolet) on robusta coffee (Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner) plantations at Kodagu region of Karnataka state, India

Coffee is an important commercial crop attacked by various insect pests. Among them, coffee white stem borer (CWSB), Xylotrechus quadripes (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is the most serious and economically important pest of arabica coffee. The incidence of CWSB has been noticed in arabica coffee, whereas the other commercial variety, viz., robusta, has been tolerant against this pest so far. Of late, the incidence of CWSB is reported regularly in robusta plantations in the Kodagu region of Karnataka State, India. To understand the extent of CWSB incidence in robusta coffee, a systematic survey was conducted in 40 estates of Polibetta and Siddapura liaison Zones during the year 2019. CWSB infestation and the details on the percentage of CWSB, cultivar types, and age of the plants were recorded. The results of the survey revealed that the incidence was more in aged plants of Old Peridenia and S.274 (>50 years) compared to young plants and C × R hybrid (Coffea congensis × Coffea canephora). Data on the percentage infestation was found more in Old Peridenia (16.81%), followed by S.274 (4.8%) and C × R (0.88%). The infested plants of Old Peridenia and S.274 showed typical symptoms as in the case of arabica plants like ridge formation, drooping and yellowing of leaves, wilting, defoliation, exit holes and death of branches and whole plants. Hence, Indian coffee farmers are shifting slowly from arabica to robusta coffee because of CWSB infestation. This survey emphasized that a complete shift from arabica to robusta cultivation may face a similar infestation problem unless management practices are followed promptly.

Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Properties of the Wild Edible Fruits of Tripura, Northeast India

Fruits that are rich in nutrients and have antioxidant properties are essentially required for human health. These fruits are quite demanding to use pharmaceutically to produce natural drugs. Tripura, a Northeast state of India, is abundant in wild edible fruits, the nutritional values of which have not yet been fully explored. The nutrient composition and antioxidant properties of 06 (six) wild edible fruits viz. Wild orange (Citrus macroptera), Chinese lard (Hodgsonia macrocarpa Cogn.), Madhabilata (Stixis suaveolens Roxb. Pierre), Wild small black Jamun (Syzygium assamicum), Indian coffee plum (Flacourtia jangomas Lour. Raeusch), and Gamboge (Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) Robs) were explored and are reported in this paper. All the observations were statistically analyzed and properly presented here. The study reveals that wild orange (220.75 mg/100 g) and Indian coffee plum (223.25 mg/100 g) are vitamin C-rich fruits. Madhabilata has high protein content (0.744%), whereas Gamboge yields an energetic fruit (124.92 Kcal/100 g). The energy parameter has a good correlation with ash (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.68), TSS (r = 0.62), and protein (r = 0.83). Nutrient minerals (mg/100 g), in general, are found quite high in wild orange (Na, 170.4; K, 55.40; Mg, 61.53; Zn, 6.85; Cu, 6.25). There is a good correlation between Na and K (r = 0.58). Antioxidant activity (81.15 μmol/g) and metal chelating capacity (MCC) (39.45 mg/mL) are high in wild orange, and they have an excellent correlation (r = 0.97). It has quite a high value of total phenolic content (TPC) (303.89 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (TFC) (36.78 mg QE/g) as well. TPC and TFC have good correlations with antioxidant parameters (r = 0.81 with TPC and 0.86 with TFC). Chloride (4.35 mg/100 g), nitrate (0.639 μg/100 g), and As(III) (0.27 mg/100 g) contents are found high in Indian coffee plum, Madhabilata, and Wild black Jamun, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that total sugar, zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) are the important indicators to be given emphasis while studying the nutritional value of these minor fruits. Moreover, the results would provide a baseline database for the nutrient profile of these fruits as well as enhance awareness among the masses regarding the value of the fruit, which enhances and conserves the biodiversity of the forest area of Tripura.

Impact of the US Dollar Index and Crude Oil on Prices of Arabica and Robusta Varieties of Indian Coffee

Coffee is one of the largest traded agri-plantation commodities consumed as a popular beverage across the globe. India exports 75% of its coffee to Europe, the USA, and other developed countries; however, prices depend upon multiple factors of national and international importance. This study makes an in-depth analysis of the US dollar, crude oil, International Coffee Organisation’s (ICO) coffee spot, and futures on Indian coffee auction prices of Arabica and Robusta. The study adopting causal research method examined cointegration and relative effect by administering Johansen cointegration, vector error correction model under VAR environment, VEC-Granger causality, and block exogeneity Wald test. The study found cointegration and long-run association of the US dollar index and crude oil on Arabica than Robusta coffee. Hence, any change in the prices of ICO spot, Arabica coffee futures, crude oil, and the US $ index leads to long-term change in the Indian Arabica coffee auction prices. Coffee exporter should hedge their currency risk on Arabica export and coffee farmers may anticipate increase in domestic prices against sharp rise in US dollar.

Integration of indian coffee with international market

Integration of indian coffee with international market

Indian Coffee: A Quadragenary Growth Analysis

Coffee, the favorite beverage of the civilized world, plays a more significant role in India’s trade-dependent agriculture. More than 70 percent (3,08,148 tonnes) of coffee produced in the country was exported in the year 2020. The majority of Indian coffee plantations are in Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. The present study overviews the growth trends in the area, production, productivity, and export of Indian coffee from 1980-81 to 2019-20 by employing CAGR estimates. Indian coffee exhibited an overall growth of 1.98, 2.96, 0.98, 4.42, and 10.37 percent in area, production, productivity, quantity, and value of export, respectively, over the last 40 years. Even with significant positive growth in all the components, the Indian coffee sector is experiencing difficulties due to climatic aberrations, bottlenecks in the export business, including quality issues, and heavy competition from traditional and emerging coffee growers and traders in the international market.

When the beans got spilled: the tragic case of cafe coffee day

Learning outcomes The learning outcomes of this paper are as follows: to understand the language of accounting, to interpret financial statements to understand beyond what’s reported and to predict the financial health of a company before it is too late. Case overview/synopsis The case revolves around the Indian coffee retail giant - Café Coffee Day (hereafter, CCD). Coffee Day Global Limited of which CCD is a part, is the largest producer of Arabica beans in India. The case goes on to discuss the life and profile of VG Siddhartha (hereafter, VGS), whose leadership and farsightedness made coffee a household name in India, traditionally a tea-drinking country. Within just a year or two after its Initial Public Offering in November 2015, the company’s financial and legal troubles began to surface. The worst blow came when VGS, the 60-year-old founder and CEO committed suicide on July 29, 2019. His group’s mounting debt and impending doom had propelled him to take his own life. Today, the future of CCD remains hanging in the balance, with creditors ready and willing to take the firm into bankruptcy. Complexity academic level Under-graduates and above. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.

Rheological properties of Indian coffee plum (Flacourtia jangomas) pulp in steady and dynamic shear at different temperatures

ABSTRACT Indian coffee plum (Flacourtia jangomas) is an underutilized fruit with many great nutritional and medicinal value generally available in the northeastern part of India. Although rheological study of different fruit pulps have been studied till now, however no such study has been undertaken on Indian coffee plum. The present study was aimed to evaluate the steady-state shear and viscoelastic rheological properties of Flacourtia jangomas (F. jangomas) pulp as function of temperature in the range 20 to 80°C using dynamic oscillatory viscometry, as well as applicability of Cox-Merz rule. Under steady-state shear tests, the shear stress versus shear rate data were adequately fitted to the Bingham model (R2 = 1) for too low shear rate (0.1to 1.0 s−1) and Power law model (R2 > 0.83) for moderate shear rate (1.0 to 100 s−1). Oscillatory shear data of the fruit pulp showed weak gel behavior where loss modulus exceeded the value of storage modulus. The power modified Cox-Merz rule was tested for all temperature and found applicable for lower temperatures. These results could be beneficial for future studies on food properties and industries.

The effect of modified pruning and planting systems on growth, yield, labour use efficiency and economics of Arabica coffee

The economics of coffee plantations is intrinsically linked to pruning, which can improve the canopy architecture and thereby increase use efficiency. However, in India, recommended pruning methods viz., light, medium and hard pruning on Arabica coffee plantations have been highly labour intensive. The labour constitutes about 60 % towards cost of cultivation of coffee. In this study, the modified pruning and planting systems were investigated on Arabica coffee cv. Chandragiri and assessed for growth, yield and labour productivity at Central Coffee Research Institute, India over a period of nine consecutive years (2010–2018). Experimental results revealed that all the growth attributes and clean coffee yield were significantly influenced by modified planting systems (hedge row and paired row) and pruning methods (cyclic and rock-n-roll). Correlation coefficient data indicated that growth parameters had shown positive and significant correlation with clean coffee yield (CC) due to effect of modified pruning and planting systems except plant height. Mean data showed that adoption of modified pruning and planting systems helped to get higher clean coffee yield (1316 kg/ha), about 22–55 % of labour savings and maximum cost: benefit ratio of 1:2 could be achieved over traditional system of pruning and planting system. These results suggest that modified pruning methods facilitate vertical growth of coffee plants and thereby provide huge scope for high density planting system without compromising the yield. Further, an efficient labour force and adequate supply of human labour is the basic requirement for successful commercial cultivation of coffee. Hence, modified pruning methods such as cyclic and rock-n-roll pruning could be an option for improving the labour productivity of Indian coffee plantation.

Integration of Domestic and International Markets of Indian Coffee

Coffee is an important commercial crop of the tropics and it is the largest and widely traded tropical agricultural commodity. The present study was conducted to examine integration of domestic and international markets of Indian coffee prices during 2005-06 to 2016-17. The domestic markets selected for coffee prices were Bangalore, Chennai and Hyderabad markets. Similarly, international markets were International coffee organization (ICO), New York and London. The results revealed that, Johansen’s Co-integration of Arabica and Robusta group prices had long run equilibrium and also implied strength and stability of price linkages between selected markets. Granger causality test showed that ICO and New York markets uni-directionally influenced the price of Bangalore, Chennai and Hyderabad markets, respectively but there was bi-directional causality among the selected domestic wholesale Robusta group markets. Bangalore and Chennai markets are considered to be dependent on the other markets, the speed of adjustment in Robusta group coffee was registered 54 per cent and 33 per cent, respectively. There is need to spend much more money on demand creation, like cafe coffee day, which help to promote coffee consumption within the country. So our producers fetch the better prices for their produce.

Mass Modeling of Indian Coffee Plum (Flacourtia Jangomas) Fruit with Its Physicochemical Properties

ABSTRACT Flacourtia jangomas (Lour.) Raeush is an underutilized fruit of India frequently found in the Barak valley of Assam and nearby areas of the north-eastern part of the country. It has good medicinal, nutritional and economic value. The research was conducted to investigate the physical, mechanical, biochemical and thermal properties of the fruit and to determine the mass modeling of the fruit depending on its various dimensional attributes. Models like S-curve, Power and Quadratic models were used to predict the mass of the fruit. It was found that mass could be predicted best when models were based on length, thickness and volume. The quadratic and power models showed the best relation between the mass and dimensional parameters of the fruit. The physicochemical characterization and mass modeling of the Indian coffee plum fruit would help in the design and development of various processing, handling, and storage equipment.

Block Chain Technology in Coffee Industry in India

Indian agriculture at present is facing many challenges. In this regard, Blockchain technology (BCT) can be great solution in strengthening the value chain of agriculture sector. BCT allows the immediate transferring of digital assets and reduces or eliminates the need for intermediaries in value chain. India being the third-largest producer of coffee in Asia, the country accounts for 3.30 per cent (2017–18) of the world coffee production. At present, the Indian coffee industry is facing many issues in value chain management of coffee which need to be addressed. In this regard, the Coffee Board of India has launched a pilot Blockchain based e-marketplace in order to integrate coffee farmers with markets. This paper discusses the present scenario of Indian coffee industry and issues faced in effective coffee value chain management. The paper throws light on the importance and applications of BCT in coffee industry. It addresses the role of BCT in strengthening price chain that allows trustworthy cradle and traceability from farmer to shopper. While BCT is intended to improve the price and value chain but in the case of coffee industry in India, many dimensions of problems facing coffee industry are not addressed. The single purpose that BCT serves is improving branding which is not relevant for 70% of the market. It may benefit a small segment of upper end of the market which is the branded segment.

Technical competency and challenges in coffee production in Odisha, India

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared by processing of roasted coffee beans. It differentiated from other beverage in aroma, taste and quality drinks. Most of the countries have grown, processed and consumed as well as exports coffee products to get good income. In this race, India also takes part and has a great role in coffee production and export to international markets. Indian coffee fetched an international trade value for it’s special characters like blending quality, mild and less acidic nature. India divided into two parts as traditional and non-traditional region of coffee production. Almost 97% of coffee produced from traditional area having Western Ghats and rest 3% from non-traditional area having Eastern Ghats and north-eastern states. South-western part of Odisha covered by Eastern Ghats has evidence of coffee production since 1930’s. Coffee production started a long year ago but a number of constrains and challenges reduce quantity and quality of coffee in Odisha. Lack of education and awareness among tribal plays an important factor for lesser amount of cultivation. Unavailability of land, laborers, uncertainty in seasonal rainfall ceases production. Inappropriate market structure, large marketing channels and selling price is not satisfactory to attract new growers. Biological challenges like insect pest infestation, newly emerging diseases are harmful for quality coffee beans. Except all dearth of interest and government supports coffee cultivation is merely difficult in Odisha. This article aims to forecast a clear view of coffee production and challenges in Odisha region.

Value Chain Upgrading Strategies for Integration of Indian Small Coffee Growers in Global Coffee Value Chain

Government of India believes boosting exports of agricultural commodities is a sure-shot way to enhance the farmers income in the country. Indian coffee is primarily an export-oriented commodity with over 75% of the annual production being exported to various destinations around the world. Small coffee growers dominates coffee production in the country. The main objective of the study is to estimate the operational cost involved in the production of Robusta coffee and also to estimate the price spread between the coffee growers at farm gate level and at exporters level. The results of the study indicates that, there is a huge price spread ( 34, 147 per ton) in coffee value chain due to the inability of the small coffee growers to ship their coffee directly to export destinations which is caused by a number of impediments like low bargaining power associated with fragmented production, lack of trade knowledge, lack of capital and information barriers. Thus, it is important to provide visionary long run sustainable solutions to micro level weakness and threats by considering strengths and opportunities of small coffee growers in the country to move up in the value chain. The results of the study also indicates that, there is huge potential for the coffee growers to enhance their gross income from existing 94, 900 per acre to 1, 29, 047 per ton by moving up in the value chain. The study also highlighted the initiatives taken by the Coffee Board to support small coffee growers to move up in the value chain.

Reflection Of Indian English And Philosophy In Writings Of R.K Narayan In English Literature

Rasipuram Krishnaswami Iyer Narayanaswami, a well-known South Indian writer, creator of a fictional town ‘Malgudi” developed a sense of interest among middle- class people in India to read short stories in English. He is the spell caster of encompassing Indianism into English literature through his writings. This celebrated Indian novelist brought an aroma of Southern Indian Coffee into English and indianized it through his fictional stories which connect with real time situations of a common Indian. This distinguished writer captivated readers through his meticulous mastery over foreign language on Indian soil. His short stories are the best paradigm to understand Indian English that is entangled with beliefs, traditions, culture to an extent superstitions existed in the routes of Indian lives. Contrast between the lives of Western and Indians’ lives in various aspects are illustrated through his short stories and novels. The present paper tries to highlight Indianized contexts into English literature by this outstanding writer. It also attempts to show how characters in the short stories of Narayan are related to Karmic philosophy.