Indexing In PubMed Research Articles

Gravitating towards Artificial Intelligence on Anti-Money Laundering A PRISMA Based Systematic Review

In Bangladesh, like many other countries, the implementation of Anti-Money Laundering (AML) measures plays a crucial role in the fight against financial offences and the maintenance of the financial system's integrity. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the technologies for AML that has emerged as a promising approach to enhance the detection and prevention of financial crimes. The researcher aims to investigate the current state of AML, the impact of AI, the roles involved, and the legislation to achieve economic stability for the transformation of Bangladesh into a smart nation by 2041. In this systematic review study, the PRISMA framework is utilized to provide a comprehensive analysis of existing literature on the application of AI in AML, with a focus on risks, laws, and implications, particularly within the context of Bangladesh. The review synthesizes findings from diverse sources (Web of Sciences, Scopus, PubMed, and DOAJ indexing articles and reports) including academic research, industry reports, and regulatory documents, to assess the effectiveness, challenges, and ethical considerations associated with AI-driven AML solutions. Through a structured search strategy and rigorous selection criteria, the researchers discovered a total of 299 research papers, consisting of 181 latest studies and 117 previous relevant studies identified and analyzed to elucidate key trends, methodologies, and gaps in the current landscape of AI-enabled AML practices. The review also offers insights and recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers interested in leveraging AI technologies to combat money laundering effectively while navigating regulatory frameworks and safeguarding privacy rights. By critically examining the intersection of AI, AML, and legal frameworks, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on the role of technology in addressing financial crime challenges in Bangladesh and beyond.

Factors Determining Publication in a Journal: A Questionnaire Study among Dentists of Odisha

Introduction: Research activities have increased manifold due to the importance of scientific publication in advancing an academic career. Researchers find it strenuous to choose journals due to the availability of a higher number of scientific journals. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the various journal factors that affect its selection to publish research work and the motivating factors involved in it. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 219 dental professionals that included dental faculties, postgraduate students, and private dental practitioners of Odisha, through a self-administered questionnaire via Google Forms consisting of 15 items. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis with a level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Respondents were predominantly dental faculty (53%). Factors influencing journal selection were citation of the journal (89.4%), followed by impact factor and indexing of the journal. Less than half (42.4%) agreed to pay the publishing charges. It was observed that PubMed indexing was preferred, followed by Scopus. The reason to publish was different for faculty and postgraduate students. Conclusions: Researchers consider various factors before publishing in a journal with the intent of discoverability and recognition. The study revealed that indexing of journals and impact factor as important aspects of choosing a journal for publication.

Deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy for assessing glucose metabolism in healthy and in neurooncology diseased brain. Review

Aim: to present a new method for assessing glucose catabolism in brain tissues of healthy volunteers and neurooncology patients. This method is MR spectroscopy with resonance frequency of deuterium (hydrogen isotope) called deuterium metabolic imaging - DMI.Material and methods. We searched scientific papers in PubMed and Google Scholar indexing systems for 2017–2022 publicatioin years. Keywords used: deuterium spectroscopy, DMI, DMV, PET, non-proton spectroscopy, brain tumor metabolism, Warburg effect in brain tumor, glucose/glucolytic flux/metabolism.Results. 474 articles were analyzed, 21 of which were used for this review. The references list additionaly includes 9 articles for 1924–2014 pyublication years. The review covers the history of proton and multinuclear MR spectroscopy (phosphorus, carbon, deuterium) development of and PET diagnostics. We described DMI applicability in visual and quantitative assessment of tissue metabolism disorders in brain tumors and discussed its future use in clinical practice.Conclusion. Compared to fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, the DMI method provides additional information on metabolic disorders during anaerobic glycolysis in a tumor. DMI can be implemented and performed on clinical MRI scanners.

Anesthesiology 2023: Ch-ch-ch-ch-changes.

Anesthesiology 2023: Ch-ch-ch-ch-changes.

Scholarly Publishing With the American Urological Association—The Expansion of the “Voice of Urology” Into Open Access With the Journal of Urology Open Plus

Scholarly Publishing With the American Urological Association—The Expansion of the “Voice of Urology” Into Open Access With the Journal of Urology Open Plus

Association of Metabolic Syndrome with Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis.

A consensus has not been reached on the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with adverse outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the prognostic implication of MetS in patients with stable CAD. We comprehensively searched articles indexing in PubMed and Embase databases until August 14, 2022. Original studies investigating the association of MetS with adverse outcomes in patients with stable CAD were included. Seven studies including 32 736 patients with stable CAD were identified. Depending on the definition of MetS, the reported prevalence of MetS ranged from 23.4% to 63%. Meta-analysis showed that patients with MetS conferred an increased risk of all-cause mortality [risk ratio (RR) 1.22; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.15-1.19], cardiovascular mortality (RR 1.49; 95% CI 1.16-1.92), and MACEs defined by death, myocardial infarction, revascularization, cardiac arrest, or angina admission (RR 1.47; 95% CI 1.20-1.79), respectively. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis indicated the robustness of the value of MetS in prediction of all-cause mortality. MetS may be an independently predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with stable CAD. However, future studies are required to consolidate the current evidence due to the small number of studies included.

Epilepsy and psychological interventions: A systematic review study

Objectives. Epilepsy is a debilitating disease that can have long-term unpleasant psychological consequences. For this purpose, various psychological interventions have been provided to improve the quality of life of these patients. In this review study, the effectiveness of these interventions has been surveyed. Materials and methods. This study was conducted through a systematic review method from January 2010 to April 2021. Keywords such as quality of life, clinical trials and randomized clinical trials, epilepsy, seizure, psychology, intervention, chronic disease, empowerment, psychotherapy and psychological interventions were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar indexing databases. Out of 1866 articles found, 13 articles were selected for review. Results. The surveys showed that psychological therapies increase the quality of life, social functioning, self-care behaviors, memory, self-esteem, job and social adjustment of many epileptic patients. On the other hand, according to the results, with the improvement of mental health of patients with epilepsy, we saw a reduction in stress, anxiety, depression, pain intensity, seizure, suicidal ideation and social stigma of patients with epilepsy. Conclusion. Various psychological interventions lead to a reduction in psychological problems in patients with epilepsy. It causes patients to be in good mental health, accept their pain and show less recurrence of their disease. For this purpose, it is necessary to pay more attention to the psychological health of patients with epilepsy in medical centers to reduce the incidence of mental disorders and improve the health of epileptic patients.

Bibliometric analysis of the top 50 most cited publications of the Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma

BackgroundThe Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma (JCOT) is one of the top three orthopaedic journals from India. We set out to analyse the top 50 cited articles from JCOT since indexing in PubMed and Scopus. MethodsWe looked into the bibliometrics of the top 50 cited articles and compared citations from PubMed and Scopus, and depicted outputs from VOS viewer analysis on co-authorship and keywords. ResultsTotal citations for top-cited articles were 1076 in numbers, with a maximum of 103.2016 and 2018 were the most productive years. The major contribution was from India with 74%, followed by the USA. New Delhi published maximally at 72%. Clinical topics and narrative reviews were the most common types of studies. Trauma and Adult reconstruction was the most common sub-specialities, and Level 4 was the most frequent level of study. The basic science and COVID-19 related articles received the maximum citations. The authors from Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals published the maximum number of top-50 cited articles in the JCOT. ConclusionsThere is a steady increase in the number of publications in the JCOT, with an increasing number of citation counts. Both the Indian and foreign authors have been publishing in this journal at a comparative rate. Although the citation counts in Scopus are more than those in PubMed for given articles, more than 80% of articles are listed in both databases as top 50 cited articles. The majority of top-cited articles belonged to trauma and adult reconstruction, level III studies, and narrative reviews.

Universities and programs promoting health in Mexico

Introduction: Universities are the ideal place to promote health because it offers facilities to provide comprehensive care as marked by the World Health Organization (1986) in the Ottawa Charter for health promotion. This is how this work seeks to describe the health promotion programs of universities in Mexico to generate relevant information on this particular topic. Objective: To describe the health promotion programs of higher education institutions in Mexico. Methodology: The review was carried out in PUBMED, CROSSREF, LILACS, SCIELO and government institutions indexing sources. For the selection of articles, it was considered to analyze government pages such as RMUPS and public and private universities due to lack of information. The review criteria that were taken into account were the objective, areas of attention, type of user, level of prevention and finally operation of the health promotion programs of the universities. Results: Of the programs of institutions of higher education reviewed it was found that they have similarities regarding their objectives where the majority promote the adoption of healthy lifestyles, in addition to the fact that a wide group of services such as medical care, nutritional care, and psychological care as the main, the operation of the program is diverse and 100% manage a level of primary prevention. Conclusions: There is a clear and direct interests by the authorities of the different universities in Mexico, there are currently 43 institutions that make up the RMUPS.

Soybean meal and poultry offal meal effects on digestibility of adult dogs diets: Systematic review.

Soybean meal and poultry offal meal are protein ingredients commonly used in the formulation of commercial diets for dogs. However, there remains great variability in the data on the digestibility of each protein source. This systematic review study aimed to examine the intake, apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients and fecal output of protein sources (soybean meal and poultry offal meal) in adult dog food as reported in published studies. The article search was conducted in August 2018 in the PUBMED, SciELO, Science Direct and AGRIS indexing databases. The literature search was performed using "digestibility", "source protein" and "dog" as the main key terms combined with sub-terms to broaden the scope of the search. Criteria were defined for readability, exclusion and inclusion of articles. Results were organized in groups according to the search in the indexing databases, totaling 1,414 articles. After the works were selected following the inclusion criteria, 17 articles were evaluated in this review. According to most studies, plant-based ingredients have a less variable nutritional composition than animal-derived ingredients and poultry offal meal increases the digestibility coefficients of nutrients and energy and reduces fecal dry matter production. Factors inherent to raw-material origin, ingredient and food processing, as well as the high heterogeneity of the methodologies evaluated in the studies are directly related to the obtained results. To ensure a more accurate evaluation of the quality and of effects on the digestibility of protein sources, we recommended that articles include ingredient processing data and that the variables be evaluated under standardized study conditions.

COVID-19 Threat to the World: Current and Possible Diagnostic/Treatment Strategies.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a world-wide crisis. To contain the virus, it is important to find infected individuals and isolate them to stop transmission. Various diagnostic techniques are used to check for infection. With the havoc that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created, it is imperative to work on alternative diagnostic techniques that can be used at both point of care with little or no expertise and at mass testing (i.e., when screening). Despite extensive research, to this date no specific effective treatment or cure is available to neutralize this viral infection. Globally, researchers are working to develop effective treatments, and several vaccines have been approved for public use. We found the studies that we explored for this review using appropriate key words for indexing in PubMed and Google Scholar from 2019 to 2020. We compile various techniques that have been used worldwide to diagnose and treat SARS-CoV-2 and discuss novel methods that may be modified for use in diagnosis and treatment. It is crucial to develop a more specific serological test for diagnosis that can rule out the possibility of COVID-19 and be used for mass testing. An affordable, safe, targeted, effective treatment must be developed to cure this disease, which has created a public health emergency of international concern.

Repurposing Approved Drugs for Guiding COVID-19 Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review.

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak originally appeared in China in December 2019 and became a global pandemic in March 2020. This infectious disease has directly affected public health and the world economy. Several palliative therapeutic treatments and prophylaxis strategies have been used to control the progress of this viral infection, including pre-(PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis. On the other hand, research groups around the world are still studying novel drug prophylaxis and treatment using repurposing approaches, as well as vaccination options, which are in different pre-clinical and clinical testing phases. This systematic review evaluated 1,228 articles from the PubMed and Scopus indexing databases, following the Kitchenham bibliographic searching protocol, with the aim to list drug candidates, potentially approved to be used as new options for SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis clinical trials and medical protocols. In searching protocol, we used the following keywords: “Covid-19 or SARS-CoV-2” or “Coronavirus or 2019 nCoV,” “prophylaxis,” “prophylactic,” “pre-exposure,” “COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 Chemoprophylaxis,” “repurposed,” “strategies,” “clinical,” “trials,” “anti-SARS-CoV-2,” “anti-covid-19,” “Antiviral,” “Therapy prevention in vitro,” in cells “and” human testing. After all protocol steps, we selected 60 articles that included: 15 studies with clinical data, 22 studies that used in vitro experiments, seven studies using animal models, and 18 studies performed with in silico experiments. Additionally, we included more 22 compounds between FDA approved drugs and drug-like like molecules, which were tested in large-scale screenings, as well as those repurposed approved drugs with new mechanism of actions. The drugs selected in this review can assist clinical studies and medical guidelines on the rational repurposing of known antiviral drugs for COVID-19 prophylaxis.

Long-Term Opioid Prescriptions After Spine Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of Prevalence and Risk Factors

Opioids are frequently prescribed for back pain, but the prevalence of and risk factors for long-term opioid use after spine surgery were not clearly reported. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the evidence for long-term opioid use (>90 days) among adults who underwent spine surgery. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane indexing databases were searched until November 9, 2018 for studies reporting the prevalence of and risk factors for long-term opioid use after spine surgery. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for commercial claims databases or registries (claims/registries) and nonclaims observational studies using the random-effects model to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR). Prevalence meta-analysis was performed in a clinically homogeneous subset of these patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery. Eight claims and 5 nonclaims were meta-analyzed to avoid double-counting participants. The meta-analysis showed that preoperative opioid users (OR, 5.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.37-9.27 vs. OR 4.21; 95% CI, 2.72-6.51) and participants with preexisting depression and/or anxiety (OR, 1.86, 95% CI, 1.43-2.42 and OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 0.83-1.74, respectively) had a statistically significantly higher odds of long-term postoperative opioids, compared with their peers. Males showed lower odds of long-term postoperative opioid use in the claims group (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79-0.92), but not in the nonclaims group (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.71-1.39). The pooled prevalence of post-lumbar spine surgery long-term opioid use was 63% (95% CI, 50%-74%) in claims and 47% (95% CI, 38%-56%) in nonclaims. Patients undergoing spine surgery represent a high-risk surgical population requiring special attention and targeted interventions, with the strongest evidence for those treated with opioids before surgery and those with psychiatric comorbidities.

Stem cell homing, tracking and therapeutic efficiency evaluation for stroke treatment using nanoparticles: A systematic review.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. There is a real need to develop treatment strategies for reducing neurological deficits in stroke survivors, and stem cell (SC) therapeutics appear to be a promising alternative for stroke therapy that can be used in combination with approved thrombolytic or thrombectomy approaches. However, the efficacy of SC therapy depends on the SC homing ability and engraftment into the injury site over a long period of time. Nonetheless, tracking SCs from their niche to the target tissues is a complex process. To evaluate SC migration homing, tracking and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of stroke using nanoparticles. A systematic literature search was performed to identify articles published prior to November 2019 that were indexed in PubMed and Scopus. The following inclusion criteria were used: (1) Studies that used in vivo models of stroke or ischemic brain lesions; (2) Studies of SCs labeled with some type of contrast agent for cell migration detection; and (3) Studies that involved in vivo cellular homing and tracking analysis. A total of 82 articles were identified by indexing in Scopus and PubMed. After the inclusion criteria were applied, 35 studies were selected, and the articles were assessed for eligibility; ultimately, only 25 studies were included. Most of the selected studies used SCs from human and mouse bone marrow labeled with magnetic nanoparticles alone or combined with fluorophore dyes. These cells were administered in the stroke model (to treat middle cerebral artery occlusion in 74% of studies and for photothrombotic induction in 26% of studies). Fifty-three percent of studies used xenogeneic grafts for cell therapy, and the migration homing and tracking evaluation was performed by magnetic resonance imaging as well as other techniques, such as near-infrared fluorescence imaging (12%) or bioluminescence assays (12%). Our systematic review provided an up-to-date evaluation of SC migration homing and the efficacy of cellular therapy for stroke treatment in terms of functional and structural improvements in the late stage.

Implantes curtos na mandíbula.


 
 
 
 
 Introdução: Instalar um implante na região posterior da maxila e da mandíbula sempre foi muito crítico devido à baixa qualidade óssea e quantidade óssea reduzida, encontradas em vários casos clínicos, devido as reabsorções ósseas.
 Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar na literatura médica vigente alguns casos onde foram instalados implantes curtos em região posterior.
 Metodologia: Foi realizado uma varredura nos portais de indexação Google acadêmico, Scielo, Pubmed e livros de autores especialistas na área de implantodontia, portanto a modalidade da pesquisa é bibliográfica tendo um objetivo exploratório, onde foi feita uma revisão de literatura desde as primeiras publicações que abrangem o tema até as pesquisas mais recentes.
 Resultados: Foram encontrados mais de 10.000 artigos referentes ao tema e 17 foram escolhidos para servirem como base deste artigo.
 Conclusão: Os implantes curtos oferecem uma alternativa de tratamento menos traumática nos casos de pouca altura óssea e limitações anatômicas.
 
 
 

Open Access Physical Therapy Journals: Do Predatory Journals Publish Lower-Quality Randomized Controlled Trials?

ObjectivesTo compare the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in predatory and nonpredatory journals in the field of physical therapy. Data SourcesFrom a list of 18 journals included either on Beall’s list (n=9) or in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) (n=9), 2 independent assessors extracted all the RCTs published between 2014 and 2017. When journals published more than 40 RCTs, a sample of 40 trials was randomly extracted, preserving the proportions among years. Indexing in PubMed, country of journal publication, and dates of submission or acceptance were also recorded for each journal. Main Outcome MeasuresThe PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) scale and duration of the peer review. ResultsFour hundred ten RCTs were included. The mean PEDro score of articles published in non-Beall, DOAJ journals was higher than those published in Beall journals (mean score ± SD, 5.8±1.7 vs 4.5±1.5; P<.001), with the differences increasing when the indexing in PubMed was also considered (6.5±1.5 vs 4.4±1.5; P<.001). The peer review duration was significantly longer in non-Beall than in Beall journals (mean duration [d] ± SD, 145.2±92.9 vs 45.4±38.8; P<.001) and in journals indexed in PubMed than in nonindexed journals (136.6±100.7 vs 60.4±55.7; P<.001). Indexing in PubMed was the strongest independent variable associated with the PEDro score (adjusted R2=0.182), but noninclusion on Beall’s list explained an additional, albeit small, portion of the PEDro score variance (cumulative adjusted R2=0.214). ConclusionsPotentially predatory journals publish lower-quality trials and have a shorter peer review process than non-Beall journals included in the DOAJ database.

Correction to: Resection of a plasma cell granuloma combining a conventional posterolateral left-sided thoracotomy with a minimally invasive valve approach.

The corresponding author name should read as "Kvitting JP" in PubMed and other indexing websites.

The Use of Solicited Publishing by Academic Surgeons

BackgroundFew details are known about open-access surgery journals that solicit manuscripts via E-mail. The objectives of this cross-sectional study are to compare solicitant surgery journals with established journals and to characterize the academic credentials and reasons for publication of their authorship. MethodsWe identified publishers who contacted the senior author and compared their surgery journals with 10 top-tier surgical journals and open-access medical journals. We assessed the senior authorship of articles published January 2017–March 2017 and utilized a blinded survey to determine motivations for publication. ResultsThroughout a 6-week period, 110 E-mails were received from 29 publishers distributing 113 surgery journals. Compared with established journals, these journals offered lesser publication fees, but also had lesser PubMed indexing rates and impact factors (all P < .002). Professors, division chiefs, and department chairs were the senior authors of nearly half of US-published papers and spent ≈$83,000 to publish 117 articles in journals with a median impact factor of 0.12 and a 33% PubMed indexing rate. Survey responses revealed a dichotomy as 43% and 57% of authors published in these journals with and without knowledge of their solicitant nature, respectively. The most commonly reported reasons for submission included waived publication fees (50%), invitation (38%), and difficulty publishing elsewhere (12%). ConclusionDespite their sparse PubMed indexing and low impact factors, many senior academic faculty publish in solicitant surgery journals. This study highlights the importance for the academic surgical community to be cognizant of the quality of a journal when reviewing the literature for research and evidence-based practice.

Editorial Volume 16 Issue 4

My time has come. After 15 years and over 50 editions it is time for me to hang up my metaphorical red biro, and hand over the role of Editor. It has been an interesting job, and I am extremely grateful to everyone who has contributed and supported the journal over this period. When I took on the position in 2002, this journal was very different to how it is today. Some readers may recall its original incarnation as the CPD journal of Internal Medicine, part of a series of publications produced at that time by Rila. Initially this was comprised predominantly of commissioned review articles, running over a 5 year cycle which was designed to cover the common conditions managed by ‘general’ physicians. As time progressed, the number of unsolicited submissions grew steadily – initially (and continually) dominated by case reports, but with a slowly increasing number of research-based articles as the readership expanded. The quality of these submissions improved further when we finally attained indexing in PubMed, which also attracted more international submissions. I am delighted that the current edition features research papers from the Netherlands and Singapore, both of which have a growing community of Acute Physicians. I remain hopeful that the number of acute medicine-related research submissions from the UK will rise as the speciality grows. The number of high quality abstracts presented at the Society for Acute Medicine (SAM) meetings is indicative of the amount of work that is going on, but it is disappointing that so few of these turn into publications in peerreviewed journals. Acute Physicians are busy people with constant and year-round operational pressures, which may mean that writing up research is continually pushed down the list of priorities. Perhaps also the fact that the number of consultant posts across the continues to exceed the number of Acute Internal Medicine trainees removes some of the ‘pressure to publish’ which is felt by trainees in other hospital specialities. My hopes for the future of this journal have been boosted by the appointment of Tim Cooksley as my replacement ‘Editor in Chief’, who will take over from the Spring 2018 edition onwards. Tim has been a hard working member of the editorial team over recent years, and prior to this was a regular contributor to the journal. He has a strong research background and is a leading member of the SAMBA academy and SAM research committee. I would also like to thank the other members of the editorial board without whose support and contributions this job would have been completely untenable. I understand that Tim plans to keep many of these colleagues in post, as well as bringing in some ‘new blood’ to create a fresh new vision for the future. I wish them all well, and will look forward to reading (as opposed to writing) these editorials. Thanks, finally, to all of the loyal readers who have stuck with the journal over the past 2 decades. I hope that we have managed to keep you entertained and educated on those occasional moments of respite during the acute medical on-call. I wish you all well for the future.

Concern noted: a descriptive study of editorial expressions of concern in PubMed and PubMed Central

BackgroundAn editorial expression of concern (EEoC) is issued by editors or publishers to draw attention to potential problems in a publication, without itself constituting a retraction or correction.MethodsWe searched PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and Google Scholar to identify EEoCs issued for publications in PubMed and PMC up to 22 August 2016. We also searched the archives of the Retraction Watch blog, some journal and publisher websites, and studies of EEoCs. In addition, we searched for retractions of EEoCs and affected articles in PubMed up to 8 December 2016. We analyzed overall historical trends, as well as reported reasons and subsequent editorial actions related to EEoCs issued between August 2014 and August 2016.ResultsAfter screening 5076 records, we identified 230 EEoCs that affect 300 publications indexed in PubMed, the earliest issued in 1985. Half of the primary EEoCs were issued between 2014 and 2016 (52%). We found evidence of some EEoCs that had been removed by the publisher without leaving a record, and some were not submitted for PubMed or PMC indexing. A minority of publications affected by EEoCs had been retracted by early December 2016 (25%). For the subset of 92 EEoCs issued between August 2014 and August 2016, affecting 99 publications, the rate of retraction was similar (29%). The majority of EEoCs were issued because of concerns with validity of data, methods, or interpretation of the publication (68%), and 31% of cases remained open. Issues with images were raised in 40% of affected publications. Ongoing monitoring after the study identified another 17 EEoCs to year’s end in 2016, increasing the number of EEoCs to 247 and publications in PubMed known to be affected by EEoCs to 320 at the end of 2016.ConclusionsEEoCs have been rare publishing events in the biomedical literature, but their use has been increasing. Most have not led to retractions, and many remain unresolved. Lack of prominence and inconsistencies in management of EEoCs reduce the ability of these notices to alert the scientific community to potentially serious problems in publications. EEoCs will be made identifiable in PubMed in 2017.