Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Need Dental Health Component Research Articles

Influence of malocclusion on OHRQoL in adolescents in initial orthodontic treatment phase.

Besides correcting malocclusions, another main objective of orthodontic treatment is to improve patients' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). This study aimed to assess changes in OHRQoL of children within the first six months of orthodontic therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances. 85 patients aged 11 to 14 years requiring fixed orthodontic appliance therapy were included. The children completed the German version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ-G-11-14) before (T0), 1 month (T1) and 6 months (T2) after the start of orthodontic treatment. The type of malocclusion was categorized according to the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). The initial type of malocclusion affected the children's OHRQoL, whereas gender and age did not. The IOTN dental health component (DHC) had a significant impact on the CPQ score (median CPQ of 15.00 for the group DHC 4 vs. 22.50 for DHC 5, p = 0.032). The onset of orthodontic treatment initially affected the CPQ domains "Oral symptoms" and "Functional limitations, with a change versus baseline of 2.00 (p = 0.001), but improved again after 6 months. Regression analysis demonstrated that children with an IOTN DHC 5 malocclusion experienced a greater impact on their ORHQoL, as indicated by a CPQ score 7.35 points higher than that of children with an IOTN DHC 4 malocclusion (p = 0.015). At the beginning of orthodontic treatment, the OHRQoL slightly worsens, probably due to the discomfort and appearance of the appliances. However, 6 months after the start of orthodontic treatment, OHRQoL improved again in patients with severe malocclusion (IOTN 4 and 5), and approached baseline values. The results help the clinician to better understand specific aspects of oral health that may be affected by different malocclusions, thereby improving the child's satisfaction and overall quality of life.

Prevalence and factors influencing bullying among Egyptian schoolchildren.

To evaluate the prevalence of bullying among schoolchildren and to study the correlation between bullying and a specific type of malocclusion, self-esteem, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), the need for orthodontic treatment and socioeconomic status. A cross-sectional study. Low, middle and high socioeconomic-class schools in the same educational district in Cairo, Egypt. A total of 324 Egyptian schoolchildren aged 11-14 years. Validated questionnaires were used to assess self-reported bullying frequency and intensity, self-esteem and OHRQoL. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used to assess the orthodontic treatment need and the participants' occlusion was classified according to the British Standard Incisors (BSI) classification. Bullying was found to be prevalent in 61.7% of the sample. Regression analysis revealed that participants with a Class II division 1 incisor relationship had the highest odds ratio (OR) for predicting bullying (OR = 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38-2.15). Being bullied was significantly associated with lower self-esteem (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.13-0.78), worse OHRQoL (OR = 2.73, 95% CI = 1.95-3.15) and a high need for orthodontic treatment, as determined by the IOTN Dental Health Component score (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.05-1.95) and IOTN Aesthetic Component score (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.12-1.88). Moreover, participants in high and middle socioeconomic-class groups had a lower OR for predicting bullying than those in the low socioeconomic-class group (OR = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.13-0.54). The bullying prevalence among Egyptian schoolchildren aged 11-14 years was very high. The prevalence of bullying was higher in schoolchildren with higher orthodontic treatment need and Class II division 1 incisor relationship. Bullying was correlated to poor self-esteem as well as poor OHRQoL. In addition, low socioeconomic status was found to be a potential predictor for bullying.

Assessment of orthodontic treatment needs in patients with β-thalassemia major and sickle cell disease.

Patients suffering from hemoglobinopathies may suffer from pathogic dental and orofacial features. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and the need for orthodontic treatment in patients with β-thalassemia major (BTM) and sickle cell disease (SCD). The study was conducted on 311 blood transfusion-dependent patients with BTM or SCD and 400 healthy individuals aged 10 to 16. The types of malocclusion were evaluated based on Angle's classification and Dewey's modification, and their oral habits were recorded using a questionnaire. The need for orthodontic treatment was assessed through the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), and the data were compared with normal participants. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need-Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC) assessment showed that patients had a higher prevalence of objective need for treatment (IOTN grades 4 and 5) compared to healthy children. The prevalence of class II malocclusion was significantly higher in patients. Patients showed significantly less Angle's Class I malocclusion compared to normal participants. Oral habits were presented in 61%, 64.15% and 62.4% of normal participants, BTM and SCD patients, respectively. The higher prevalence of Angle's class II malocclusion and higher percentage of IOTN grade 4 and 5 among BTM and SCD patients reveal the importance of early orthodontic assessment and intervention in children with BMT and SDC.

Relationship between index of orthodontic treatment need dental health component (IOTN-DHC) and caries prevalence in school-age children.

The objectives of the study were to investigate the relationship between caries prevalence and the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC) in school-age children who live in the dentistless area and to consider the effective way to reduce the potential progression of malocclusion with the growth through the dental survey in Arbulag district, Khövsgöl province, Mongolia. The 95 school-age children (49 males, 46 females) who participated in the study were born in and were residents of Arbulag district, Khövsgöl province, Mongolia. The mean ages of the participants were 8.3 years (y) ± 1.7 y for males and 8.8 y ± 1.7 y for females. The Mann-Whitney U test was performed to determine the sex difference for the dmf/DMF index. The relationship between the IOTON-DHC and the dmf/DMF index was statistically examined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Regarding the dmf/DMF index, no sex difference was observed. There were significant, fair positive correlations between the IOTON-DHC grade and F; between the IOTON-DHC grade and DMF index in males. There were significant, fair positive correlations between the IOTON-DHC grade and M; between the IOTON-DHC grade and DMF index in females. Significant, fair positive correlations were found between the caries prevalence and the grade of malocclusion. Thus, prevention and early treatment of dental caries in a mixed dentition may be effective to reduce the potential progression of malocclusions in dentistless area.

Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need amongst 12-15 years old school-going children using Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) of Khudel Village, Madhya Pradesh, Indore

: Epidemiology of malocclusion and assessment of orthodontic treatment needs are of great importance in many countries and are included in numerous national-level surveys. The aim of orthodontic treatment is to achieve the best possible occlusion within the framework of function, stability, and esthetics. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and Orthodontic treatment needs of 12–15-year-old school-going childrenusing the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) of Khudel Village, Madhya Pradesh, Indore. 300 school children (180 girls and 120 boys) of government schools of age group 12-15-year-old were examined. Type 3 examination method was used to record the orthodontic treatment need was using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN). Result showed that only 38.6% had no need of treatment, (23.3%) were assigned grade 2 of IOTN Dental Health Component (DHC) score, (14.3%) required borderline treatment, (12.3%) of the total population required severe orthodontic treatment that is score 4. Extreme treatment is required by (11.3%) of the study population. : There seems to be an inconsistency in the proportion of children needing orthodontic treatment on esthetic and dental health basis. It indicates a general lack of awareness among the school children about the severity of their existing malocclusion. More awareness programs and camps need to be conducted regarding spread of awareness of orthodontic treatment needs.

UK dental students' ability and confidence in applying the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need and determining appropriate orthodontic referral.

The aim was to assess the ability and confidence of UK undergraduate dental students in applying the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and determining appropriate orthodontic referral. This was a cross-sectional survey using a case-based online questionnaire. Fourth and fifth year undergraduate dental students were recruited from UK dental schools through their university and social media. Six cases were presented and participants were asked to provide an IOTN score and judgement about referral. Participants were asked about their confidence, experience and orthodontic teaching. Sixty-nine responses were returned. A quarter of participants reported having used IOTN before in a clinical setting. Clinical experience with IOTN influenced confidence. Familiarity with making orthodontic referrals was low and only one participant reported having made an orthodontic referral. Correct IOTN scores were given by 68% of participants for a large 14 mm overjet (5a) case, 43% of participants for an impacted canine (5i) case and 26% of participants for an impacted premolar (5i) case. Incorrect IOTN was most common in hypodontia cases with only 19% correctly identifying mild hypodontia (4h) and 28% identifying severe hypodontia (5h). For the majority of cases, incorrect answers about referral were due to confusion between specialist practitioner and orthodontic consultant pathways. Dental students' ability and confidence in correctly applying the IOTN Dental Health Component and selecting the appropriate referral pathway was inadequate. Responses suggest a lack of clinical experience in assessing patients, applying the IOTN and making referrals. The low response rate is disappointing and limits the scope for making recommendations.

An investigation into the reliability of a mobile app designed to assess orthodontic treatment need and severity

Aim To investigate reliability of the Easy IOTN app between clinicians with different levels of experience in determining Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) scores from study models. The accuracy of each clinician in discriminating treatment need using the app against the 'gold standard' conventional assessment at the threshold of treatment acceptance criteria was also explored.Materials and methods In total, 150 sets of pre-treatment study models were assessed by six clinicians using the app on two separate occasions (T1 and T2). A single IOTN-calibrated clinician also scored the models using the conventional technique. Clinician scores for both intra- and inter-rater reliability were assessed using Cohen's Kappa. The performance of each clinician in discriminating treatment need using the app against the conventional assessment method at the threshold of treatment acceptance criteria was also assessed using the area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic.Results The intra-rater agreement for the clinician undertaking the conventional assessment of the models was 1.0. Intra-rater agreement scores for clinicians using the Easy IOTN app ranged between 0.37-0.87 (DHC) and 0.22-0.44 (AC). Inter-rater agreement scores at T2 were 0.59 (DHC) and 0.23 (AC). Based on the IOTN DHC, all clinicians displayed an excellent level of accuracy in determining malocclusions qualifying for treatment (range 81.7-90.0%). Based on the IOTN AC, all clinicians showed an acceptable level of accuracy in determining malocclusions qualifying for treatment (range 71.9-79.2%).Conclusions The Easy IOTN app was shown to have moderate inter-rater reliability. Variation in the intra-rater reliability was evident between clinicians of different grades/level of experience. Importantly, the diagnostic accuracy of the app to discriminate between malocclusions that qualify for NHS treatment was rated as excellent (IOTN DHC) and acceptable (IOTN AC) and independent of clinician grade or level of experience.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the malocclusion impact questionnaire for patients seeking orthodontic treatment.

OBJECTIVES:To assess the adaptability and validity of the Arabic version of the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ-AR) in patients seeking orthodontic treatment.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This cross-sectional survey was conducted on a convenience sample of 77 Arabic speaking, healthy, 10–16-year-old children, selected based on their personal perception of “needing braces.”. The participants completed the MIQ-AR and the Child Perceptions Questionnaire for children aged 11–14 (CPQ11-14), answered two global questions, and had their Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need, Dental Health Component (IOTN.DHC) scores recorded. Construct validity was examined by measuring the correlation between the MIQ-AR score and the responses to the two global questions. Criterion validity was examined by measuring the correlation between the MIQ-AR and both the IOTN.DHC and CPQ11-14 scores.RESULTS:Moderate positive correlations were observed between the MIQ-AR scores and the first (ρ = 0.320, P < 0.001) and second global questions (ρ = 0.388, P < 0.001). A strong positive correlation was found between the total CPQ11-14 and MIQ-AR scores (ρ = 0.597, P < 0.001). A positive gradient was observed between the MIQ-AR scores and IOTN.DHC scores.CONCLUSION:Our results indicate that the MIQ-AR is a valid tool for measuring oral health-related quality of life in patients with malocclusion, with good psychometric parameters. These preliminary findings require further testing in various settings involving a larger and more diverse sample.

Correlation of orthodontic treatment motivation and the level of treatment needs based on the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) of orthodontic patients

Introduction: Malocclusion has an impact on the quality of life, thus becoming the motivation for orthodontic treatment. Subjective and objective needs for orthodontic treatment vary, where subjective needs are sometimes higher or maybe lower than objective needs, vice versa. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) is an index used to see the level of treatment needs. This study was aimed to analyse the correlation of orthodontic treatment motivation and the level of treatment needs based on the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) of orthodontic patients. Methods: The research was correlation analytical. The motivation for orthodontic treatment was assessed using a questionnaire consisted of aspects of oral health motivation, oral function, aesthetics, psychosocial, and influence from others. The level of orthodontic treatment needs was assessed using the IOTN dental health component. Results: It was found that the patients’ motivation related to aesthetics was high. The motivation to get orthodontic treatment due to oral health, oral function, and psychosocial conditions was moderate, while related to the influence of others was low. The level of need for grade 4 treatment shows the largest percentage (48.57%). Gamma correlation analysis between motivation variables related to the oral and psychosocial function with the level of treatment needs showed a significantly positive correlation with the p-values of 0.003 and 0.022, categorized as weak correlation. Conclusion: There is a weak correlation of orthodontic treatment motivation and the level of treatment needs based on the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) of orthodontic patients.

Associations between malocclusion and self-esteem among Persian adolescent papulation.

OBJECTIVES:To assess the effect of malocclusion on the self-esteem of adolescents.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This cross-sectional study evaluated 496 student aged between 12 and 14 tears old living in Shiraz city. The level of self-esteem was determined using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). To assess the degree of malocclusion, Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need- Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC) was used. The Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation of malocclusion and self-esteem. The mean of IOTN-DHC and total score of RSES in different age groups were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. The mean IOTN-DHC and total score of RSES were compared between the two municipal districts and males and females using the Wilcoxon test and independent t-test, respectively.RESULTS:A significant but weak correlation was noted between IOTN-DHC and self-esteem (r = 115/0, P = 04/0), while IOTN-DHC subscale: space shortage, dental missing, overjet, overbite, and crossbite had nonsignificant correlation with self-esteem. The socioeconomic status of adolescents significantly affected their self-esteem (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS:Weakly significant correlation between mild malocclusion and dental self-esteem.

Factors influencing orthodontic treatment outcome in South East Wales and implications for service commissioning.

To determine factors that may influence the outcome of orthodontic treatment undertaken in General Dental Services/Personal Dental Services in South East Wales. A retrospective study of a requested 20 consecutively treated cases (for the year 2014-2015) provided by 26 performers in South East Wales. Performer and patient information was obtained by use of a questionnaire and FP17OW forms, respectively. A calibrated investigator recorded the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and the Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) on start- and end-study models for each case. Descriptive and regression analyses were undertaken to identify any predictive factors of a good treatment outcome. Two respondents completed < 20 cases, so all of their cases were assessed. A total of 495 cases were assessed. The overall achieved mean end-PAR score of 5 is collectively a good occlusal outcome. Predictive factors of a good quality of occlusal outcome (end-PAR score being ⩽ 5) were: dual arch treatment; use of functional with fixed appliances; treatment undertaken in non-corporate practices; and treatment undertaken by registered specialists (P < 0.001). Predictive factors for occlusal improvement (change in PAR score) were: IOTN aesthetic component (AC); IOTN dental health component (DHC) (1-3 or 4-5); and number of arches treated and malocclusion type (P < 0.001). Dual arch fixed appliances undertaken by orthodontic specialists in non-corporate environments produced the highest quality orthodontic outcomes. Those who have the highest need for treatment according to IOTN DHC and AC benefit most in terms of improvement achieved in PAR score.

Correlation between oral health-related quality of life and orthodontic treatment need in children and adolescents-aprospective interdisciplinary multicentre cohort study.

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is aconstruct for assessing the self-perceived oral health of patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between OHRQoL and orthodontic treatment need in consideration of demographic and psychological factors. This multicentre study included 250 patients with an indication for orthodontic diagnostics. In cooperation with the Institute of Clinical Psychology at the University of Würzburg, validated and internationally acknowledged questionnaires were selected to assess OHRQoL (COHIP-G19) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Self-esteem and behavioural problems were taken into consideration as possible psychological factors. Orthodontic treatment need was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need-Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC), the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need-Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC) and the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). Possible significant correlations between the collected parameters and OHRQoL were evaluated by means of linear regression analysis. Objective orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-DHC and DAI) was significantly correlated with OHRQoL. Further factors significantly influencing OHRQoL in children and adolescents were age, HRQOL, self-esteem and behavioural problems. Objective orthodontic treatment need significantly influences OHRQoL in children and adolescents. Further studies are required to investigate if OHRQoL may be improved by correcting misaligned teeth and jaws.

Impact of malocclusion severity on oral health-related quality of life in an Iranian young adult population.

Objective:This study aimed to assess the relationship between malocclusion severity and oral health-related quality of life (QoL) of 18 to 25-year-old Iranians who sought orthodontic treatment.Materials and Methods:A total of 126 patients between 18 and 25 years attending some private orthodontic clinics answered the oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) and a demographic questionnaire. Two calibrated orthodontists recorded the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need-Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC) determining the severity of malocclusion (Kappa = 0.8). The IOTN-Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC) was reported by patients for assessing the perception of their esthetic severity of malocclusion. Logistic regression analysis was used. Level of significance was set at α = 0.05.Results:The mean score of OHIP-14 was 20.87 ± 8.6. The frequency of patients with no/slight, borderline, and definite need for orthodontic treatment was determined as 13.4%, 23.8%, and 62.7%, respectively, by IOTN-DHC. There were significant correlations between borderline or definite need treatment and OHIP-14 overall score (P < 0.05). Patients with borderline and definite need for orthodontic treatment had 5 and 21 times lower QoL, respectively, than those with a slight need for orthodontic treatment. Based on IOTN-AC, 50.8% of the patients mentioned slight or no need based on IOTN-AC. No significant association was noted between IOTN-AC and OHIP-14 overall scores.Conclusions:The results showed negative impact of malocclusion severity on the QoL. This study highlighted the importance of individual assessment of orthodontic patients.

Analysis of the stomatognathic system of children according orthodontic treatment needs.

The present study evaluated electromyographic activity (EMG), masticatory performance, and tongue strength in children without and with orthodontic treatment needs. A total of 90children were screened and divided into the following groups: GroupI (no treatment needed; mean age: 8.00± 0.43years; n= 26), GroupII (few malocclusions, treatment needed; mean age: 8.89± 0.43years; n= 28), and GroupIII (slight-to-borderline treatment needed; mean age: 8.44± 0.22years; n= 36). Orthodontic treatment need was classified on the basis of IOTN-DHC (Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need - Dental Health Component). The electromyographic Trigno EMG Systems was used for muscle analysis and the Iowa Oral Pressure Instrument (IOPI) was used to measure tongue strength. Data were analyzed using normality tests and one-way analysis of variance with aBonferroni post hoc test (p≤ 0.05). EMG in almost all mandibular movements was higher in GroupIII with statistically significant differences compared to position at rest: right masseter (p= 0.03); protrusion: left temporal (p= 0.02); saliva swallowing: left temporal (p= 0.05) and water swallowing: orbicularis oris mouth, right upper segment (p= 0.05). Lower masticatory performance was found in GroupIII, but the difference compared to GroupI andII was not significant. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of tongue strength. Children with borderline orthodontic treatment needs show functional disorders of the stomatognathic system.

Effect of malocclusion severity on oral health-related quality of life and food intake ability in a Korean population.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of malocclusion severity on oral health-related quality of life and food intake ability in adult patients, controlling for sex, age, and the type of dental clinic visited. The sample consisted of 472 Korean patients (156 male, 316 female) with a mean age of 21.1 (SD, 8.6) years in a dental hospital and a private clinic. The correlations between the Korean version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14K), subjective food intake ability (FIA) for 5 key foods, and Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need-Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC) were investigated. The mean IOTN-DHC and OHIP-14K scores were significantly higher for the dental hospital patients than for the private clinic patients (IOTN-DHC, P<0.001; OHIP-14K, P<0.05). Malocclusion severity was significantly higher in male than in female subjects (P<0.001). Older patients perceived their oral health-related quality of life more negatively than did the teens (P<0.001). As the severity of the malocclusion increased, oral health-related quality of life and masticatory function worsened (OHIP-14K, P<0.001; FIA, P<0.05). As the severity of the malocclusion and the age of the patients increased, oral health-related quality of life and masticatory function relatively deteriorated. This finding provides evidence that severe malocclusions are associated with lower quality of life and less masticatory efficiency in older patients.

Orthodontic Treatment Need, Self-Esteem, and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment of Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study

ABSTRACT Objective: The aims of this study were (1) to determine orthodontic treatment need, self-esteem, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of primary schoolchildren and (2) to investigate possible influences of orthodontic treatment need on self-esteem and OHRQoL. Methods: The subjects of this cross-sectional study were 219 children aged 13–14 years attending public schools in Bornova, Izmir, Turkey. None of the children were undergoing active orthodontic treatment or had previously received orthodontic treatment. Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC) was used to determine normative orthodontic treatment need, and scores of 4 and 5 were defined as treatment need. IOTN Aesthetic Component (IOTN-AC) was used for the determination of child perception as well as the orthodontist perception of treatment need, and scores of 8–10 were defined as treatment need. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was applied for self-esteem level determination. OHRQoL was evaluated using ...

Psychosocial impact of malocclusion in Spanish adolescents

ObjectiveTo evaluate the psychosocial impact of malocclusion, determine its relationship with the severity of malocclusion, and assess the influence of gender and social class on this relationship in adolescents.MethodsA random sample of 627 Spanish adolescents aged 12 - 15 years underwent intraoral examinations by 3 calibrated examiners (intraexaminer and interexaminer kappa > 0.85) at their schools. Psychosocial impact was measured through a self-rated Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ). The severity of malocclusion was measured by the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Gender and social class were also recorded.ResultsThe total PIDAQ score and those of its 4 subscales, social impact, psychological impact, aesthetic concern, and dental self-confidence, presented significant differences (p ≤ 0.05 by analysis of variance) and linear relationships with the IOTN grades (p ≤ 0.05 by linear regression). Stepwise linear regression models showed that the IOTN dental health component was a predictive variable of the total and subscale PIDAQ scores. Neither gender nor social class was an independent predictive variable of this relationship, except the linear model for psychological impact, where gender was a predictive variable. The occlusal conditions responsible for higher PIDAQ scores were increased overjet, impeded eruption, tooth displacement, and increased overbite.ConclusionsMalocclusion has a psychological impact in adolescents and this impact increases with the severity of malocclusion. Social class may not influence this association, but the psychological impact seems to be greater among girls.

Impact of malocclusion on oral health related quality of life in young people

BackgroundThe objectives for this study were to assess Oral Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in young people aged 15–25 who sought orthodontic treatment, and to measure the association between orthodontic treatment need (using the IOTN), sex, age and education level, and oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL).MethodsSurvey of a consecutive series of 323 young adults aged 15 to 25 years, attending orthodontic clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA. Participants completed the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and had a clinical examination including the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need- Dental Health Component (IOTN-DHC). Data analyses included descriptive statistics, One-way ANOVA and bivariate and multivariate regression models.ResultsThe mean overall score (± SD) for OHIP-14 in young people aged 15–25 was 22.6 ± 12.5. The psychological discomfort domain was the domain where highest impact was recorded with a mean (± SD) of 4.0 ± 1.9. The regression analyses showed a significant association of IOTN-DHC with overall OHIP-14 score (p < 0.05). Although females reported a slightly higher impact than males, this was not significant in both bivariate and multivariate analyses. Age group had a significant negative association with overall OHIP-14 score (p < 0.05). The 15–18 year old group showed the highest impact on their quality of life due to malocclusion. Participants with a university education report a significantly higher impact on OHRQoL as compared to participants with only secondary education.ConclusionMalocclusion has a significant negative impact on OHRQoL and its domains. This is greatest for the psychological discomfort domain. Younger people and those with a university education report higher levels of impact. There was no reported difference in impact between male and females.

Associations between normative and self-perceived orthodontic treatment needs in young-adult dental patients

Objective: Our aim was to determine the correlation between dental treatment need as assessed by the components of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) and a self-evaluation questionnaire in a population selected from the dental clinics of Shiraz, Iran. Methods: The dental treatment needs of 240 participants (120 men and 120 women) were measured on the basis of the IOTN dental health component (IOTN-DHC), IOTN aesthetic component (IOTN-AC), IOTN AC determined by the examiner (IOTN-ACE), and a self-evaluation questionnaire (SEQ). The correlations between the treatment needs assessed by all the methods as well as the correlations of the treatment needs with age and gender were assessed using a Spearman’s correlation coefficient (α = 0.01). Results: All methods were significantly correlated (p ≤ 0.001). The associations of IOTN-ACE with IOTN-DHC and SEQ were moderately significant (rho = 0.49 and 0.41, respectively). The associations of IOTN-AC with IOTN-DHC and SEQ were weakly significant (rho = 0.24 and 0.35, respectively). The IOTN-DHC was moderately associated with SEQ (rho = 0.53). Gender and age were not associated with treatment needs estimated by any of the methods used (p ＞ 0.06). Conclusions: The correlations between the self-evaluation and the IOTN components in young adults were close to those reported in children, and IOTN-ACE was more reliable than IOTN-AC. (Korean J

Orthodontic treatment need in Egyptian schoolchildren

The aim of this study was to assess the orthodontic treatment need and prevalence of malocclusion in 11–15-years-old Egyptian schoolchildren using the Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). A further aim was to compare the results with those from other populations matched for gender and age. The study followed the World Health Organization recommendations for oral health surveys. The sample comprised 1,464 schoolchildren (720 males and 744 females) who had not undergone orthodontic treatment, divided into two groups: 719 from 11–<13-years-old and 745 from 13–15-years-old, out of a representative sample of the school population of Mansoura Community. The IOTN results were analyzed with regard to gender using the Chi-square test. Orthodontic treatment need, using the DHC, was found in 21.5 per cent of the 11–<13-years-old and in 18.1 per cent of the 13–15-years-old; and with the AC, in 5.1 and 3.7 per cent, respectively. Considering the total sample, 19.8 and 4.4 per cent of the schoolchildren had a definite treatment need according to IOTN DHC and IOTN AC respectively. No gender dependent differences were found. It can be concluded that Egyptian orthodontic treatment need is similar to that reported in most recent studies; with approximately one in five to six children with an orthodontic treatment need.