Independent Activity Research Articles

National census of UK endoscopy services in 2023

BackgroundThe Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (JAG) conducts a biennial census of UK endoscopy services. The 2023 census aimed to assess the current status of endoscopy services and compare...

Cadets’ Self-Government as a Factor of Future Officers’ Organizational Culture Formation

The article deals with substantiation of the role of cadets’ self-government in the formation of future officers’ organizational culture at a higher military educational institution. The organizational culture is defined as a complex of norms, values, and beliefs and consider it to be an important component of the officers’ professional culture and, at the same time, a factor of the future officers’ personal development during their professional training and independent professional activity as well. The main characteristics of the future officers’ organizational culture, three components in the structure of future officers’ organizational culture (culture of self-organization, culture of subordinate personnel organization, culture of interpersonal interaction organization) have been defined. Based on the identified components in the structure of future officers’ organizational culture, we have identified the criteria for its formation (cognitive, activity, personal), which are specified in a set of relevant indicators. The pedagogical conditions of future officers’ organizational culture formation with the use of cadets’ self-government in higher military educational institutions have been determined: ensuring the gradual involving of cadets in different forms of extra-our educational activities; involving cadets in organizational activities in the framework of the program "Young Leader School", which provides the formation of professionally oriented personal background in the organizational culture formation. The study concluded that organizational culture is an essential component of the professionalism of a future officer, which largely determined the success of the professional tasks implementation; cadets’ self-government has a significant potential in the context of forming the organizational culture of future officers, and its capabilities should be actively used to form the organizational culture of cadets.

Initial participant perspectives about participating in an online, semi-supervised, cirrhosis-specific nutrition and exercise intervention.

In chronic diseases, there have been issues with low levels of participant adherence and retention during well-supported lifestyle behaviour change interventional studies. Theoretically informed, the objective was to explore the types of challenges participants are experiencing to inform future designs. We conducted an exploratory descriptive study in an adult cirrhosis population after the first 4-6 weeks of a 12-week semi-supervised nutrition and exercise online program. Participants in the parent feasibility study, assessing the nutrition and exercise intervention (Heal-Me), were eligible for this nested study. Heal-Me is a multimodal program that is tailorable to a participant's abilities through regular interaction with the study's registered dietician and exercise specialist. Interviews (~60 min) with participants were recorded then analysed descriptively, guided by the capability, opportunity and motivational behaviour change model. The 20 participants preferred the expert-led group online nutrition and exercise classes over independent activities such as protein tracking and the exercise videos. Social gamification (e.g., weekly polls on favourite things like movies or sports teams) contributed to the group experience. All except one person required program tailoring to address preferences, abilities and new onset health events. Findings led to the inclusion of 4 behaviour change techniques to the initial 17, whereas 2 others were expanded. While program tailoring, awareness of cirrhosis nutrition and regular interactions with staff influenced participant retention and adherence in the first 4-6 weeks of the online program.

An exploration into the levels of automobile usage and independent mobility for children in Belgium

ABSTRACT Independent mobility, where children travel without adult supervision, fosters neighborhood familiarity, security, pride, and connection. Given the noted benefits, both mentally and physically, of allowing children and adolescents to travel and recreate through independent physical activity, it is important to recognize the disparities found in rates of independent mobility. This study examines patterns of independent and accompanied travel among Belgian children (aged 6–17) across varying urbanization levels, using national travel surveys from 2010 and 2017 analyzed via generalized linear models. The results of this analysis show that independent mobility is significantly higher in the most urbanized areas and lowest in the rural regions. The data show that females are less likely to make independent trips regardless of the level of urbanization and that both males and females increase independent travel as they get older. Interestingly, despite a decrease in automobile travel for all teenagers, males still have a significantly higher share of independent travel, suggesting that even as female youth shift to active travel, they are chaperoned at higher rates than their male counterparts. The results suggests that opportunities for autonomy and neighborhood security, through independent travel, in childhood neighborhoods are unequally distributed by gender and location.

Electronic course of a discipline as a structural element of the digital educational environment of a university

In recent years, digitalisation has been actively implemented in all spheres of life, and higher education is not an exception. Digital educational environment appears in universities: digital libraries, educational process support systems and distance learning (Diskurs, Flora LMS, Moodle, Docebo, Open edx, etc.), new forms of educational process construction (online courses, video lessons, etc.), various courses to improve digital literacy of university teaching staff, which contributes to the intensification of the learning process. Digitalisation contributes to the activation of independent cognitive activity of the student, provides individually oriented learning. This research deals with the use of digital technologies in teaching mathematical disciplines to students of the Federal State Autonomous Higher Education Institution «South Ural State University (National Research University)», especially for students of Architecture and Construction and Polytechnic Institutes. The use of digital technologies in teaching mathematical disciplines requires teachers’ large time expenditures for the choice of necessary elements of information educational resources and pedagogical technologies. The positive results of digitalisation of education in our study include the possibility of building individual educational trajectories for students, starting from the stage of learning new material to the stage of controlling the formation of competencies; continuous monitoring of educational results of students’ learning activities based on the rating, tracking of gaps with subsequent correction of the learning trajectory. It should be noted that in order to organise the learning process in a digital educational environment, students need to be prepared for self-dependent learning activities.

Teaching Residents at Night: Exploration of a Novel Curriculum.

Implementation of a successful night curriculum has been a historical barrier to education during night rotations. Residents are tasked with teaching students and peers at night, often with little educational material to support this. To address the need for engaging night curriculum for pediatric residents, we aimed to (1) develop and implement a night curriculum with an emphasis on residents as teachers (RaTs) and (2) explore residents' experience with the RaT curriculum through a secondary qualitative analysis of reflections. After a needs assessment, we developed and implemented a night curriculum consisting of both facilitated and independent learning activities. Each resident was expected to complete 3 out of the offered 5 to 7 learning activities during their month-long night rotation. One independent activity featured RaT topics, including clinical teaching, mentoring, or hidden curriculum. Participation was tracked via reflection submissions, which were inductively coded using Dedoose. A total of 90% (180/199) of resident rotations completed new curriculum requirements, with 45% (90/199) completing more than the required 3 activities. A total of 76% (151/199) chose to participate in the RaT activity as part of their night educational requirements. A total of 52 reflection responses were collected, 38 individual and 14 team responses. Responses highlighted themes including growing as educators, fostering interprofessional relationships, and developing careers. High participation in the novel curriculum reveals the potential of virtual RaT activities to improve night education for residents. Participant reflections suggest high engagement in RaT and emphasize the andragogical value of key topics.

МАТЕМАТИЧНА КОМПЕТЕНТНІСТЬ МАЙБУТНЬОГО ВЧИТЕЛЯ МАТЕМАТИКИ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ

In the context of modernization of contemporary education on the basis of a competence approach, the problem of professional training of future mathematics teachers, who are able to be actively implemented in the information society, have professional competences that would meet the needs of today, becomes especially relevant. It is emphasized that an important task of training future mathematics teachers is the formation of their mathematical competence. The hierarchy of competences is characterized (according to N. Bibik): key super subjective (basic) competences, which are based on cognitive processes and displayed in different contexts; general subject competences, which belong to a certain set of subjects or branches of knowledge; subject competences - partial to the above, which are acquired in the process of studying a particular subject. The article describes the various definitions of mathematical competence proposed in the State Standard of Basic and Complete General Education (2011), the Concept of the New Ukrainian School (2018), the European Reference Framework of Key Competences for Lifelong Learning (2018), and the PISA International Education Quality Assessment (2022). Based on the analysis, it is determined that mathematical competence is defined by modern scientists as an integrated characteristic of the qualities of a mathematics teacher’s personality, which is expressed in the ability and willingness to apply mathematical knowledge and skills in order to solve professional problems using mathematical methods, applying modern methods of design, mathematical and computer modelling if necessary. Mathematical competence as a result of mathematical training of a graduate of a pedagogical education institution implies a high level of knowledge and experience of independent activity based on this knowledge for the effective professional activity of a future mathematics teacher. The structural components of mathematical competence are allocated: motivational, cognitive, value, activity, and reflexive.

Entangled and non-modular enhancer sequences producing independent spatial activities.

The modularity of transcriptional enhancers is central to our understanding of morphological evolution, allowing specific changes to a gene expression pattern component, without affecting others. Enhancer modularity refers to physically separated stretches of regulatory sequence producing discrete spatiotemporal transcriptional activity. This concept stems from assays that test the sufficiency of a DNA segment to drive spatial reporter expression resembling that of the corresponding gene. Focusing on spatial patterns, it overlooks quantitative aspects of gene expression, underestimating the regulatory sequence actually required to reach full endogenous expression levels. Here, we show that five regulatory activities of the gene yellow in Drosophila, classically described as modular, result from extensively overlapping sequences, with broadly distributed regulatory information. Nevertheless, the independent regulatory activities of these entangled enhancers appear to be nucleated by specific segments that we called enhancer cores. Our work calls for a reappraisal of enhancer definition and properties, as well as of the consequences on regulatory evolution.

Improved Guarantees for the A Priori TSP

We revisit the a priori TSP (with independent activation) and prove stronger approximation guarantees than were previously known. In the a priori TSP, we are given a metric space (V, c) and an activation probability p(v) for each customer [Formula: see text]. We ask for a TSP tour T for V that minimizes the expected length after cutting T short by skipping the inactive customers. All known approximation algorithms select a nonempty subset S of the customers and construct a master route solution, consisting of a TSP tour for S and two edges connecting every customer [Formula: see text] to a nearest customer in S. We address the following questions. If we randomly sample the subset S, what should be the sampling probabilities? How much worse than the optimum can the best master route solution be? The answers to these questions (we provide almost matching lower and upper bounds) lead to improved approximation guarantees: less than 3.1 with randomized sampling and less than 5.9 with a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm.

Using wearable technology to objectively investigate physical behaviour and determine health outcomes of a physical activity intervention in patients with psoriasis.

Sedentary behaviour has a detrimental effect on health independent of the amount of physical activity undertaken. Despite the association of cardiometabolic and psychosocial comorbidities with psoriasis, how physical behaviour influences health outcomes in patients with psoriasis is poorly understood. We hypothesized that objective measurement of physical behaviour, using wearable digital technology, would have utility in understanding the clinical impact of an exercise intervention designed in partnership with patients with psoriasis. Fourteen patients with psoriasis completed a 20-week study. During weeks 1-10, participants followed an incrementally progressive, exercise intervention, followed by independent activities during weeks 11-20. Accelerometers (GENEActiv Original) and pedometers recorded physical behaviour. Evaluation at week-0, -10, and -20 included assessment of psoriasis, cardiometabolic disease/risk, psychological health and functional capacity. Our intervention supported significantly increased physical activity, including moderate-vigorous physical activity (p=0.04) and step count (p=0.04). We also observed a significant association between physical activity and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI)-50 response (p=0.01) and psychosocial functioning (p=0.029) together with a significant negative correlation between step count and psoriasis severity (p=0.012). We observed no change in total waking hour sedentary behaviour. Objective measurement of physical behaviour, using wearable digital technologies, offers a mechanism to further understand the clinical impact of lifestyle behaviour interventions. Crucially, despite increased levels of physical activity, we observed no change in total waking hour sedentary time. Further investigation is required to establish how modification of physical behaviour could offer an adjuvant management strategy for patients with psoriasis.

Legal nature of notarial act: issues of normative regulation

In this article, the author examines the legal nature and content of a notarial act through the prism of its normative regulation. The author establishes that the legal term «notarial act» is perhaps the most commonly used in the acts of legislation on notary issues. However, despite the long-term use of this term and its indisputable importance in notarial activities, the legislator does not define it either at the constitutional level, or at the legislative level, or at the subordinate legislation level. It is determined that the features of notarial acts are a set of properties which make them distinctive and which can be used to distinguish them from a large volume of legal activities. These features include: the list of notarial acts defined by law; statutory consolidation of the subjective composition of notarial acts; indisputability of a notarial act; procedural form of a notarial act; and payment for a notarial act. The legislatively established list of notarial acts can be divided into the following types: certification of the fact of a citizen’s presence in a certain place, the identity of a citizen with the person depicted in a photograph, transfer of applications of individuals and legal entities to other individuals and legal entities; certification of transactions, the task of which is to certify their legality by a notary, verification of legal capacity; certification of indisputable facts. According to the territorial competence of the bodies authorised to perform notarial acts, they can be classified as follows: acts performed by public and private notaries; acts performed by officials and officers authorised to perform notarial acts; acts performed by officials of local self-government bodies; acts performed by consular offices and diplomatic missions of Ukraine. The indisputability of a notarial act is one of the main principles of notarial activity, which means that a notary may perform a notarial act only if: there is no dispute between the parties concerned regarding the rights and obligations arising from the notarial act; the rights and obligations of the parties concerned are based on legal grounds; and the documents submitted for the performance of the notarial act are valid. Notarial acts are performed in compliance with the procedural form. Violation of this procedure will affect the legality of the notarial act and, therefore, will be a reason for its appeal to the court, and, conversely, its non-violation will confirm the legality of the notarial act. A notarial act is a functionally structured system of procedural actions performed in accordance with the procedure established by law by an individual authorised by the state who carries out notarial activities in a state notary office, state notary archive or independent professional notarial activity, in particular, certifies rights and facts of legal significance and performs other actions provided for by the legislation on notaries in order to give them legal validity.

Biochemical and proteomic approaches to investigating effects of IAA-aspartate in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings during osmotic shock

Osmotic shock is the first step of high salt or drought action that involves biochemical and molecular changes during plant response to these unfavorable conditions. Indole-3-acetyl-aspartate (IAA-aspartate, IAA-Asp) is the main amide conjugate of auxin in pea (Pisum sativum L.) tissues. Although the exact molecular mechanism of the IAA-Asp action is unknown, this conjugate's indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-independent biological activity has been observed during physiological and stress conditions. In this work, we investigated the effect of IAA-Asp alone, as well as in combination with NaCl or polyethylene glycol (PEG) (osmotic shock) on reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, activities of enzymes modulating glutathione concentration, protein S-glutathionylation, and IAA homeostasis. We did not observe the hydrolysis of IAA-Asp to IAA in pea seedlings, which, together with other results, suggests that IAA-Asp modulates plant response to abiotic stimuli independently of IAA. Moreover, despite the effect of IAA-Asp on the enzymes responsible for IAA conjugation, no changes in this phytohormone level were visible. Furthermore, 3h plant treatment with IAA-Asp increased the activity of glutathione reductase (GR), which correlates with an elevated GSH/GSSG ratio. On the contrary, more extended (48h) incubation with IAA-Asp diminished the GSH/GSSG ratio and increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX). IAA-Asp reduced GR activity during salt treatment but did not affect the GSH/GSSG ratio. Similarly, under plant incubation with PEG, IAA-Asp did not change the GSH/GSSG ratio but increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. We also analyzed the effect of IAA-Asp on pea protein S-glutathionylation. Increased S-glutathionylation of heat shock 70 kDa protein (HSP70) was observed after plant treatment with IAA-Asp, PEG, or IAA-Asp combined with PEG. The proteomic analysis also revealed that IAA-Asp diminished S-glutathionylation of lipoxygenase during plant incubation with PEG. Thus, we suggest that IAA-Asp modulates redox status in pea during oxidative stress and under normal physiological conditions.

FEATURES OF TRAINING A YOUNG DOCTOR IN MODERN CONDITIONS

Reforming the system of primary health care in healthcare in the Russian Federation over the past decade has been a priority task of the state. On instructions from the President, the Government continues to create conditions to increase the availability of medical care. A decision was made to expand the capabilities of the primary health care development program in rural areas, urban settlements and small towns of the country. This resolution was signed by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin (Resolution No. 2226 dated December 21, 2023). In the course of the conducted survey of 128 district therapists of the Stavropol Territory who started medical practice immediately after graduation, the main problems they faced when starting their work were identified: lack of practical training for independent professional activity, the assignment of a mentor to not every young specialist; insufficient equipment of the workplace with the necessary tools; incomplete computerization jobs (especially in rural areas); not all district doctors are assigned nurses; the number of attached population in 1 therapeutic area exceeds the norm. The difficulties of the professional activity of young specialists were associated with an insufficient number of hours of practical training in 5-6 years of study at the university and the cancellation of the internship. In order to revive the traditions of mentoring and increase the level of competence of young district therapists who received a diploma after 2017, the Ministry of Health of the Stavropol Territory, together with the Department of Polyclinic Therapy of Stavropol State Medical University, organized the work of the "School of a young therapist", which showed great effectiveness in the practical activities of young doctors in the region.

Endogenous ZAP is associated with altered Zika virus infection phenotype

The zinc finger antiviral protein 1 (ZAP) has broad antiviral activity. ZAP is an interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene, which itself may enhance type I IFN antiviral response. In a previous study, Zika virus was identified as ZAP-resistant and not sensitive to ZAP antiviral activity. Here, we found that ZAP was associated with the inhibition of Zika virus in Vero cells, in the absence of a robust type I IFN system because Vero cells are deficient for IFN-alpha and -beta. Also, quantitative RNA-seq data indicated that endogenous ZAP is associated with altered global gene expression both in the steady state and during Zika virus infection. Further studies are warranted to elucidate this IFN-alpha and -beta independent anti-Zika virus activity and involvement of ZAP.

PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL FEATURES OF ORGANIZING INDEPENDENT WORK OF STUDENTS IN HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS DURING THE STUDY OF "OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY"

Modern medical education faces numerous challenges that require new approaches to student training. In the context of rapid changes in medicine and increasing demands on professionals, it is essential not only to transmit knowledge but also to foster students' ability to work independently and think critically. Psychological and pedagogical aspects of organizing independent learning activities become key to ensuring effective education. Research on motivation, psychological barriers, and innovative teaching methods opens new horizons for developing professional skills in students. The true goal of the educational process is to cultivate not only qualified but also adaptive medical professionals who can respond quickly to changes and challenges in contemporary practice.Aim of the study. To investigate the psychological and pedagogical features of organizing independent work of students in higher medical institutions when studying obstetrics and gynecology, focusing on motivational factors, psychological barriers, and effective teaching methods that promote the development of professional skills and readiness for practical activities.Material and methods. The impact of psychological and pedagogical aspects on organizing independent work of students in higher medical educational institutions during the study of obstetrics and gynecology has been examined, as well as the analysis of scientific articles and research that highlight effective approaches to improving the educational process in this field.Results. The Bologna Declaration emphasizes the importance of student activity and autonomy, making the organization of their independent work particularly relevant in modern conditions. The transition to a credit-module system of education ensures the individualization of the educational process, promoting self-development and active cognitive activity. This system changes traditional approaches to teaching, transforming the roles of instructors in the process. Students become more responsible for their own preparation, which increases their motivation to learn. As a result, independent work becomes a key element in forming professional skills and competencies of future medical practitioners, opening up new opportunities for their development.Conclusions. Independent work of students in the context of a credit-module system of education in a medical university occupies 29% to 42% of educational time and opens up broad opportunities for the development of students' cognitive independence. The main conditions for its effective implementation include motivating students towards this activity, taking into account the psychological characteristics of the youth collective, as well as organizing education with mandatory monitoring of the results of independent work.

Molecular and functional characterization of short peptidoglycan recognition proteins in Vesicomyidae clam

Within cold seep environments, the Vesicomyidae clam emerges as a prevalent species, distinguished by its symbiotic relationship with microorganisms housed within its organ gill. Given the extreme conditions and the symbiotic nature of this association, investigating the host's immune genes, particularly immune recognition receptors, is essential for understanding their role in facilitating host-symbiotic interactions. Three short peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) were identified in the clam. AmPGRP-S1, -S2, and -S3 were found to possess conserved amidase binding sites and Zn2+ binding sites. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed differential expression patterns among the PGRPs. AmPGRP-S1 and AmPGRP-S2 exhibited elevated expression levels in the gill, while AmPGRP-S3 displayed the highest expression in the adductor muscle. Functional experiments demonstrated that recombinant AmPGRP-S1, -S2, and -S3 (rAmPGRPs) exhibited binding capabilities to both L-PGN and D-PGN (peptidoglycan). Notably, rAmPGRP-S1 and -S2 possessed Zn2+-independent amidase activity, while rAmPGRP-S3 lacked this enzymatic function. rAmPGRPs were shown to bind to five different bacterial species. Among these, rAmPGRP-S1 inhibited Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, while rAmPGRP-S2 and -S3 inhibited Bacillus subtilis in the absence of Zn2+. In the presence of Zn2+, rAmPGRP-S1 and -S2 exhibited enhanced inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus or Bacillus subtilis. These findings suggest that AmPGRPs may play a pivotal role in mediating the interaction between the host and endosymbiotic bacteria, functioning as PGN and microbe receptors, antibacterial effectors, and regulators of host-microbe symbiosis. These results contribute to our understanding of the adaptive mechanisms of deep-sea organisms to the challenging cold seep environments.

DEVELOPMENT OF INDEPENDENT AND CREATIVE ACTIVITIES AND SKILLS OF FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS BASED ON A COMPETENCY-BASED APPROACH

This article explores the development of independent and creative activity of mastery of future primary school teachers based on the competency-based approach, it considers the process of creative activity of mastery of future primary school teachers. Key approaches such as the competency-based approach are discussed. The study results allow us to better understand the development of independent and creative activity of mastery of future primary school teachers based on the competency-based approach.

Mediating role of self-esteem on university students’ physical activity attitude and frequency

Background and Study Aim. The health benefits of physical activity are well-known. Despite this, there is an ongoing decline in total physical activity (PA), especially among adolescents and young women. This decline points to the need to find more effective solutions. This study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activity and attitudes toward physical activity, and also between self-esteem body image (as subjective variables) and body mass index (as an objective variable). Material and Methods. This cross-sectional study measured and investigated 152 female students from various faculties in their first and second years of study at the Bucharest University of Economic Studies. The research utilized direct anthropometrical measurements and several self-reported instruments. These included questionnaires on self-esteem body image, physical activity attitude, and a report on the frequency of physical activity. Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Body dissatisfaction was evaluated using the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. Results. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) value of 20.89 kg/m² indicates a healthy, normal BMI. The mean self-esteem score (31.48) falls within the normal range, but 60% of respondents could not match their actual body shape with their ideal or desired body image. 54% of respondents reported engaging in 30 minutes of physical activity, three times a week, outside the university program. As a result, the mean value of the attitude towards physical activity is slightly positive. 33% of young women's self-esteem is related to physical factors such as body image, frequency of physical activity, and attitude towards physical activity. Conclusions. The study indicates that targeted physical education programs and consistent, independent physical activity can mitigate the challenges associated with the investigated variables. Moreover, self-esteem significantly mediates the relationship between body image and physical activity frequency, as well as students’ attitudes toward physical activity.

Results of the Japanese kanji trial class aimed at the independent and creative activities of students

This article introduces the planning, implementation, and results of the trial class of "Japanese kanji" organized within the context of "Elementary Japanese Kanji for Japanese Language Learners in Mongolia" textbook. The trial class was organized with the aim of exploring the independent and creative activity of students. At the beginning of the trial class, "Thematic lesson plan" and "Independent work guidelines" were presented to the students for common understanding of the lesson of both the teacher and the students. During the class, the homework and independent work completed by the students were studied by sampling, analyzing and summarizing as the subject of the trial class. As a result of the class, the students were trying to express themselves using the kanji studied in the lesson, and in a few instances, with kanji that were not learnt. In addition, it was observed that they use kanji appropriately at the sentence, body, and text level, and learn the meaning and use of kanji, as well as grammar and expression skills. The students gradually acquired the skills and practice of writing within the given topic, and the size of the text continuously increased. Therefore, we conclude that the trial lesson aimed at the independent and creative activities of the students was effective. Оюутны бие даасан, бүтээлч үйл ажиллагааг дэмжсэн япон хэлний ханзны туршилт хичээлийн үр дүн Хураангуй: Энэхүү өгүүллээр “Монголын япон хэл суралцагчдад зориулсан Япон хэлний ханз Анхан шат” сурах бичиг ашиглан зохион байгуулсан “Япон хэл ханз” туршилт хичээлийн төлөвлөлт, хэрэгжилт, үр дүнг танилцуулах болно. Бид оюутны бие даасан, бүтээлч үйл ажиллагааг зорьж уг туршилт хичээлийг зохион байгуулсан. Туршилт хичээлийн үр дүнд оюутан хичээлээр судалсан ханз, цөөн тохиолдолд судлаагүй ханзыг ч хэрэглэж япон хэлээр бичиж илэрхийлэх оролдлого хийж байлаа. Мөн тэд ханз үсгийг өгүүлбэр, цогцолбор, эхийн түвшинд зохистой хэрэглэж, оролтоос ханзны утга, хэрэглээг сурахаас гадна дүрэм, бичих чадварт ч суралцаж байгаа байдал ажиглагдсан. Цаашлаад оюутан өгөгдсөн сэдвийн хүрээнд бичих чадвар, дадалд бага багаар суралцаж, бичвэрийн хэмжээ аажим аажмаар томорч байв. Иймд бид оюутны бие даасан, бүтээлч үйл ажиллагааг зорьсон уг туршилт хичээл үр дүнтэй болсон хэмээн дүгнэж байна. Түлхүүр үг: оролт, гаралт, JF стандарт, ханз үсэг, хэрэглээ

Vascular inflammaging: Endothelial CEACAM1 expression is upregulated by TNF-α via independent activation of NF-κB and β-catenin signaling.

Chronic inflammation with progressive age, called inflammaging, contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Previously, we have shown increased vascular expression of the Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) in aged mice and humans, presumably via mutual upregulation with the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. CEACAM1 is critical for aging-associated vascular alterations like endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and sustained inflammation and can be regarded as a main contributor to vascular inflammaging. This study was conducted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying endothelial CEACAM1 upregulation by TNF-α in detail. Using wildtype (WT) and TNF-α knockout (Tnf-/-) mice, we confirmed that the aging-related upregulation of endothelial CEACAM1 critically depends on TNF-α. The underlying mechanisms were analyzed in an endothelial cell culture model. TNF-α time-dependently upregulated CEACAM1 invitro. In pharmacological experiments, we identified an early NF-κB- and a delayed β-catenin-mediated response. Involvement of β-catenin was further substantiated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of the β-catenin-targeted transcription factor TCF4. Both signaling pathways acted independent from each other. Elucidating the delayed response, co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed release of β-catenin from adherens junctions by TNF-α. Finally, TNF-α activated Akt kinase by increasing its Ser473 phosphorylation. Consequently, Akt kinase facilitated β-catenin signaling by inhibiting its degradation via phosphorylation of GSK3β at Ser9 and by increased phosphorylation of β-catenin at Ser552 that augments its transcriptional activity. Taken together, our study provides novel mechanistic insights into the aging-related, inflammation-mediated endothelial upregulation of CEACAM1. Beyond the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, these findings may be significant to all fields of inflammaging.