Independent View Research Articles

Poetics of surrealism by Boris Poplavsky

Poetry of Boris Poplavsky is a phenomenon quite interesting for Russian literature. His texts in most critical works are assessed as experimental, complex, shocking. For Poplavsky, a special role was played not only by the form, but also by the syncretic consolidation of heterogeneous poetic devices, in particular, surreal ones. The purpose of this article is to identify the signs of surrealism in the poet's lyrical heritage. In the course of the study, the receptive approach seems to be the most effective, since it will allow not only to determine the poet's choice of artistic means, but also generalize the aesthetic principles of the author's worldview. Open visualization of Boris Poplavsky's texts marks the orientation towards the laws of surrealism. Effective for the poet is an escape from reality, immersion in an unreal, conditionally visible space. Consequently, the actual task of lyrics is reduced not to a literal display of realities, but to the concretization of a possible, intuitive deciphering of phenomena, processes, even oneself. An independent view of the world, abstraction and independence, building a new paradigm of artistry, provocation, creative dialogue in the listening mode - this is what distinguishes the poetry of Boris Poplavsky among poets of the early twentieth century. The work can become a certain impulse for the creation of new works with an emphasis on the principles of surrealism of the specified author. An alternative view in the art of modernism, with all the reluctance to follow the classics, still does not exclude the dualistic beginning. Boris Poplavsky is a holistic figure, parametric, complex, in fact, this is what actualizes the discussion qualification of the analysis of his texts. The poetics of surrealism gave the poet the opportunity to reveal the probable volume of connotations of the visual level, to bring the philosophy of assessing reality to a systemic, hierarchical paradigm. This material can be used in university practice, as well as in the study of the work by Boris Poplavsky.

Perceptual Cue Weighting Matters in Real-Time Integration of Acoustic Information During Spoken Word Recognition.

This study investigates whether listeners' cue weighting predicts their real-time use of asynchronous acoustic information in spoken word recognition at both group and individual levels. By focusing on the time course of cue integration, we seek to distinguish between two theoretical views: the associated view (cue weighting is linked to cue integration strategy) and the independent view (no such relationship). The current study examines Seoul Korean listeners' (n = 62) weighting of voice onset time (VOT, available earlier in time) and onset fundamental frequency of the following vowel (F0, available later in time) when perceiving Korean stop contrasts (Experiment 1: cue-weighting perception task) and the timing of VOT integration when recognizing Korean words that begin with a stop (Experiment 2: visual-world eye-tracking task). The group-level results reveal that the timing of the early cue (VOT) integration is delayed when the later cue (F0) serves as the primary cue to process the stop contrast, supporting a relationship between cue weighting and the timing of cue integration (the associated view). At the individual level, listeners with greater reliance on F0 than VOT exhibited a further delayed integration of VOT. These findings suggest that the real-time processing of asynchronously occurring acoustic cues for lexical activation is modulated by the weight that listeners assign to those cues, providing evidence for the associated view of cue integration. This study offers insights into the mechanisms of cue integration and spoken word recognition, and they shed light on variability in cue integration strategies among listeners.

PMCN: Parallax-motion collaboration network for stereo video dehazing

Despite progress in learning-based stereo dehazing, few studies have focused on stereo video dehazing (SVD). Existing methods may fall short in the SVD task by not fully leveraging multi-domain information. To address this gap, we propose a parallax-motion collaboration network (PMCN) that integrates parallax and motion information for efficient stereo video fog removal. We delicately design a parallax-motion collaboration block (PMCB) as the critical component of PMCN. Firstly, to capture binocular parallax correspondences more efficiently, we introduce a window-based parallax attention mechanism (W-PAM) in the parallax interaction module (PIM) of PMCB. By horizontally splitting the whole frame into multiple windows and extracting parallax relationships within each window, memory usage and runtime can be reduced. Meanwhile, we further conduct horizontal feature modulation to handle cross-window disparity variations. Secondly, a motion alignment module (MAM) based on deformable convolution explores the temporal correlation in the feature space for an independent view. Finally, we propose a fog-adaptive refinement module (FARM) to refine the features after interaction and alignment. FARM incorporates fog prior information and guides the network in dynamically generating processing kernels for dehazing to adapt to different fog scenarios. Quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that the proposed PMCN outperforms state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic and real-world datasets. In addition, our PMCN also benefits the accuracy improvement for high-level vision tasks in fog scenes, e.g., object detection and stereo matching.

Russian-Romanian relations during the Balkan Wars in the to memoirs and reports of Nikolai Shebeko, envoy to Bucharest (1912–1913)

Following the conclusion of the Crimean War, Russia adopted a policy aimed at the abolition of the Treaty of Paris of 1856, which it perceived as humiliating. To this end, Russia commenced a process of rapprochement with France, resulting in the signing of an agreement in 1859. However, having secured Russian neutrality during the 1859 Italian War, France was reluctant to honour reciprocal commitments supporting Russian efforts to abrogate the terms of the 1856 Treaty. It became increasingly clear that Napoleon III’s policy was lacking in sincerity when the Polish question reached a new level of aggravation. In a joint initiative with the United Kingdom and Austria, France launched a comprehensive political and diplomatic offensive against Russia with the intention of exerting pressure and transforming the Polish question into an international issue. Russia, on the other hand, required peace to enable the continuation of internal reforms. Consequently, it sought to identify strategies to resist the interference of the great powers. Belgium, neighbouring France, emerged as a key player in this endeavour. King Leopold I, motivated by the objective of maintaining European equilibrium, wary of the French emperor, and intent on demonstrating that the Polish question could not impinge upon the bilateral relationship between Russia and Belgium, proved to be a pivotal intermediary in the diplomatic negotiations with Paris, London, and Vienna. The reports of the Russian envoy to Belgium, Nikolai Orlov, served to supplement the information that had been transmitted by other Russian embassies in Europe. However, adhering to the instructions that had been provided by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Orlov, who was known for his independent views and sympathetic attitude towards the fate of Polish émigrés, openly expressed his own judgements on the possible solutions to the Polish question in his dealings with Russian and European statesmen, as well as with representatives of the Tsar’s family. Consequently, during the Polish crisis, Napoleon III endeavoured to engage Orlov in the diplomatic process. In the article, the author analyses the activities of the embassy in Brussels in 1863–1864 drawing on a hitherto unexamined set of archival documents. In addition, she examines the extent to which the mission of Nikolai Orlov as a diplomat was successful. Furthermore, the article reveals new details of the diplomatic negotiations between European states that took place during the period of international tensions in the early 1860s.

Russian embassy in Brussels and the January Uprising, 1863–1864

Following the conclusion of the Crimean War, Russia adopted a policy aimed at the abolition of the Treaty of Paris of 1856, which it perceived as humiliating. To this end, Russia commenced a process of rapprochement with France, resulting in the signing of an agreement in 1859. However, having secured Russian neutrality during the 1859 Italian War, France was reluctant to honour reciprocal commitments supporting Russian efforts to abrogate the terms of the 1856 Treaty. It became increasingly clear that Napoleon III’s policy was lacking in sincerity when the Polish question reached a new level of aggravation. In a joint initiative with the United Kingdom and Austria, France launched a comprehensive political and diplomatic offensive against Russia with the intention of exerting pressure and transforming the Polish question into an international issue. Russia, on the other hand, required peace to enable the continuation of internal reforms. Consequently, it sought to identify strategies to resist the interference of the great powers. Belgium, neighbouring France, emerged as a key player in this endeavour. King Leopold I, motivated by the objective of maintaining European equilibrium, wary of the French emperor, and intent on demonstrating that the Polish question could not impinge upon the bilateral relationship between Russia and Belgium, proved to be a pivotal intermediary in the diplomatic negotiations with Paris, London, and Vienna. The reports of the Russian envoy to Belgium, Nikolai Orlov, served to supplement the information that had been transmitted by other Russian embassies in Europe. However, adhering to the instructions that had been provided by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Orlov, who was known for his independent views and sympathetic attitude towards the fate of Polish émigrés, openly expressed his own judgements on the possible solutions to the Polish question in his dealings with Russian and European statesmen, as well as with representatives of the Tsar’s family. Consequently, during the Polish crisis, Napoleon III endeavoured to engage Orlov in the diplomatic process. In the article, the author analyses the activities of the embassy in Brussels in 1863–1864 drawing on a hitherto unexamined set of archival documents. In addition, she examines the extent to which the mission of Nikolai Orlov as a diplomat was successful. Furthermore, the article reveals new details of the diplomatic negotiations between European states that took place during the period of international tensions in the early 1860s.

The price evolution in financial markets under influence of published opinions

Opinions by media experts and pundits in both traditional media outlets and online venues influence investors. While a published opinion could be more accurate than that of a typical investor, its influence displaces many independent views and has the potential to introduce a shared error. My probabilistic trading model characterizes such influence and demonstrates how the “wisdom of the crowds” effect leads convergence of prices to the fundamental value. I use two corporate events to test the model, and find evidence consistent with the theoretical predictions.

TARIXIY XOTIRANING SUBYEKTIV VOQELIGI VA UNI OBYEKTIVLASHTIRISH ZARURIYATI

The article discusses scientific views on the discovery, distortion, distraction of historical consciousness, and misshapen of historical memory due to objective and subjective pressures. Falsification of history, falsification, some groups, classes are based on historical thinking and historical memory Bran, so that history seeks to serve its narrow goals and, precisely, to give a person a correct assessment of the past, not to follow subjects who seek historical intelligence to serve narrow, class goals, to have their own independent view.

Canadian Expert Consensus on the Use of Halobetasol Propionate/Tazarotene Lotion for Plaque Psoriasis.

An expert panel of Canadian dermatologists was assembled to develop consensus statements regarding the current landscape of topical therapies for plaque psoriasis and the place in therapy of the recently approved fixed-dose combination halobetasol propionate (HP)/tazarotene (TAZ) lotion (HP/TAZ) in the treatment algorithm for plaque psoriasis. A modified nominal group technique, which combined both independent and group input from the expert panel, was used to develop the consensus statements. The expert panel completed surveys to elicit their independent views on the current landscape of topical therapies for plaque psoriasis in Canada. The first expert panel session was held to discuss the existing body of literature and develop draft consensus statements about topical therapies and the place in therapy of HP/TAZ. Independent feedback on the draft consensus statements was solicited from expert panel members prior to another expert panel session where the amended consensus statements were further discussed, edited and, finally, voted on. The expert panel reached consensus on 20 statements. Expert panel members agreed, based on the existing body of literature, that there is a place in therapy for HP/TAZ to address several current unmet treatment needs of patients with plaque psoriasis. Studies have shown that HP/TAZ is an effective and safe first-line treatment for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Due to its cosmetically pleasing vehicle and once-daily administration, HP/TAZ may improve patient acceptance and treatment adherence.

Dual Homogeneity Hypergraph Motifs with Cross-view Contrastive Learning for Multiple Social Recommendations

Social relations are often used as auxiliary information to address data sparsity and cold-start issues in social recommendations. In the real world, social relations among users are complex and diverse. Widely used graph neural networks (GNNs) can only model pairwise node relationships and are not conducive to exploring higher-order connectivity, while hypergraph provides a natural way to model high-order relations between nodes. However, recent studies show that social recommendations still face the following challenges: 1) a majority of social recommendations ignore the impact of multifaceted social relationships on user preferences; 2) the item homogeneity is often neglected, mainly referring to items with similar static attributes have similar attractiveness when exposed to users that indicating hidden links between items; and 3) directly combining the representations learned from different independent views cannot fully exploit the potential connections between different views. To address these challenges, in this article, we propose a novel method DH-HGCN++ for multiple social recommendations. Specifically, dual homogeneity (i.e., social homogeneity and item homogeneity) is introduced to mine the impact of diverse social relations on user preferences and enrich item representations. Hypergraph convolution networks with motifs are further exploited to model the high-order relations between nodes. Finally, cross-view contrastive learning is proposed as an auxiliary task to jointly optimize the DH-HGCN++. Real-world datasets are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, where we use sentiment analysis to extract comment relations and employ the k-means clustering algorithm to construct the item-item correlation graph. Experiment results demonstrate that our proposed method consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines on Top-N recommendations.

Preprocessed Spectral Clustering with Higher Connectivity for Robustness in Real-World Applications

This paper introduces a novel model for spectral clustering to solve the problem of poor connectivity among points within the same cluster as this can negatively impact the performance of spectral clustering. The proposed method leverages both sparsity and connectivity properties within each cluster to find a consensus similarity matrix. More precisely, the proposed approach considers paths of varying lengths in the graph, computing a similarity matrix for each path, and generating a cluster for each path. By combining these clusters using multi-view spectral clustering, the method produces clusters of good quality and robustness when there are outliers and noise. The extracted multiple independent views from different paths in the graph are integrated into a consensus graph. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on various benchmark datasets and compared to state-of-the-art techniques.

Multi-view contrastive clustering via integrating graph aggregation and confidence enhancement

Multi-view clustering endeavors to effectively uncover consistent clustering patterns across multiple data sources or feature spaces. This field grapples with two key challenges: (1) the effective integration and utilization of consistency and complementarity information from diverse view spaces, and (2) the capturing of structural correlations between data samples in the multi-view context. To address these challenges, this paper proposes the Multi-view contrAstive clustering with Graph Aggregation and confidence enhancement (MAGA) algorithm. Specifically, we employ a deep autoencoder network to learn embedded features for each independent view. To harness consistency and complementarity information, we introduce the Simple Cross-view Spectral Graph Aggregation module. This module utilizes graph convolutional layers to generate view-specific graph embeddings and subsequently aggregates these embeddings from different views into a unified feature space using a cross-view self-attention mechanism. To capture both inter-view and intra-view structural correlations among different samples, we propose a dual representation contrastive learning mechanism, which operates concurrently at both the instance and feature levels. Additionally, we introduce the maximizing cluster assignment confidence mechanism to obtain more compact clustering assignments. As a result, MAGA outperforms 20 competitive methods across nine benchmark datasets, showcasing its superior performance. Code: https://github.com/BJT-bjt/MAGA.

A Study of Global Trade War and Its Impact on Indian Economy

A Study of Global Trade War and Its Impact on Indian Economy

Conflicts between priming and episodic retrieval: a question of fluency?

Human memory consists of different underlying processes whose interaction can result in counterintuitive findings. One phenomenon that relies on various types of mnemonic processes is the repetition priming effect for unfamiliar target faces in familiarity decisions, which is highly variable and may even reverse. Here, we tested the hypothesis that this reversed priming effect may be due to a conflict between target fluency signals and episodic retrieval processes. After replicating the reverse priming effect, three different manipulations were effective in diminishing it. We suggest that each of these manipulations diminished the ambiguity regarding the source of priming-induced fluency of target processing. Our findings argue against a strictly independent view of different types of memory.

An integrated PROMETHEE II-Roadmap model: Application to the recovery of residual agroforestry biomass in Portugal

Rural fires are currently one of the main global disasters, and Portugal is among the countries that have suffered from them for decades. These fires pose economic, environmental, and social threats to the country. A primary cause of rural fires is the burning of biomass to clear agroforestry residues. Thus, combating rural fires requires more effective forest management, particularly the removal of forest residues that serve as fuel. These residues, also known as biomass, have significant potential for energy production and biofuel use. This paper proposes a model that integrates the PROMETHEE decision-making method with the roadmapping. This proposed model includes 7 steps, including the planning of the roadmap, the definition of the decision problem, gathering information and building the roadmap. The proposed model was applied to develop a roadmap proposal for the recovery of surplus agroforestry biomass in Portugal, identifying the most emerging conversion technologies in the national context. With the roadmap developed, it was possible to understand that the recovery of surplus agroforestry biomass in Portugal involves several sectors. The energy sector is one of those that can benefit from the recovery of leftover agroforestry biomass, both from the point of view of carbon neutrality and energy independence. Forestry management is another of the great advantages of recovering leftover forestry biomass and, consequently, reducing the number of fires. In the context of recovery, combustion is the most widely used technology for producing energy or heat. The technology identified as most emerging in the upcoming years is gasification. Investment in scientific research is essential for the success of this sector, as is the development of public incentive policies and more engagement from all stakeholders. This paper conclude that valorizing agroforestry residues can reduce rural fire risks while promoting energy independence, sustainable regional development, and innovation in Portugal.

From Instruction to Insight: Exploring the Functional and Semantic Roles of Text in Interactive Dashboards.

There is increased interest in understanding the interplay between text and visuals in the field of data visualization. However, this attention has predominantly been on the use of text in standalone visualizations (such as text annotation overlays) or augmenting text stories supported by a series of independent views. In this paper, we shift from the traditional focus on single-chart annotations to characterize the nuanced but crucial communication role of text in the complex environment of interactive dashboards. Through a survey and analysis of 190 dashboards in the wild, plus 13 expert interview sessions with experienced dashboard authors, we highlight the distinctive nature of text as an integral component of the dashboard experience, while delving into the categories, semantic levels, and functional roles of text, and exploring how these text elements are coalesced by dashboard authors to guide and inform dashboard users. Our contributions are threefold. First, we distill qualitative and quantitative findings from our studies to characterize current practices of text use in dashboards, including a categorization of text-based components and design patterns. Second, we leverage current practices and existing literature to propose, discuss, and validate recommended practices for text in dashboards, embodied as a set of 12 heuristics that underscore the semantic and functional role of text in offering navigational cues, contextualizing data insights, supporting reading order, among other concerns. Third, we reflect on our findings to identify gaps and propose opportunities for data visualization researchers to push the boundaries on text usage for dashboards, from authoring support and interactivity to text generation and content personalization. Our research underscores the significance of elevating text as a first-class citizen in data visualization, and the need to support the inclusion of textual components and their interactive affordances in dashboard design.

Значение личностного, понимающего направления в политической науке

The aim of the article is to show the importance of the personalistic, understanding direction in political science, in comparison with the systemic-explanatory direction. The problem of the predominance of “holism” in political science is investigated. It is shown that the personalistic, understanding direction is less common, despite the representativeness in the works by E.B. Shestopal, O.Ju. Malinova and others in Russia. First, the essence of methods of explanation and understanding and their relationship with the “system” and the “personality” are shown. Then the attitudes of the two directions to man – as a complete individual personality or as a biosocial organism-individual – are compared, as well as to consciousness, subjectivity, and experienced meanings. It is substantiated that since consciousness and the meanings of personality are subjective, they are not taken into account by mathematically objective explanatory approaches, and the significance of an individual personality is denied by the predominance of general structures over it, a person is defined as a dependent social individ-ual, a part of the whole. Then two cases are analyzed, revealing the limitations of the systemic-explanatory ap-proach. A case of the mechanical transfer of a democratic or socialist system from one country to another and their failure, which cannot be explained by a systemic-explanatory approach. And the case of the systems ap-proach, that norms and values are simply programmed by the system into the people’s consciousness as indi-viduals who do not have their own personal, subjective, independent views. The advantages of a personalistic, understanding direction that can fill scientific gaps not covered by holistic approaches are revealed.

Between an Acknowledgment of Immigration and Neglect? Assessing Interculturalism and Media Integration in Luxembourg

Luxembourg is a de facto multicultural country, with 179 different nationalities represented. It is, however, complex to identify who among the latter is perceived as an immigrant by public opinion. In the same vein, immigration stories rarely make the headlines of some of the most prominent outlets of Luxembourg’s mainstream media. This study covers the print content of some of Luxembourg’s dominant media outlets in the search for the representation of (im)migrants and refugees. It thus takes a perspective whereby media act as a vehicle for a quintessential aspect of interculturalism, that of local meaningful interaction. Its overarching question regards the role that both local mainstream and minority media sectors can play in promoting integration through intercultural dialogue. It is hereby argued that immigrants are foremost represented and given a voice in media outlets created for the immigrant and cross-border communities as well as in mainstream media with more local (Tageblatt) and independent political views (D’Lëtzebuerger Land). In stronghold media such as RTL Lëtzebuerg and Luxemburger Wort, immigrants are, instead, scarcely represented.

Application of Situational Action Theory in Japan Using Vignette Survey

This study applied Wikström’s Situational Action Theory (SAT) of crime causation to Japanese people in their 30 s–40 s (N = 320). Participants in an internet survey were presented with three criminogenic scenarios—traffic crime, individualistic white-collar crime, and corporate white-collar crime—and were asked to rate the likelihood of them committing a crime in these scenarios. They were also asked to evaluate their morality, moral context, and degree of temptation in each scenario, as well as their tendency for self-control, interdependent view of self, and independent view of self. The results supported SAT in that the moral context positively and morality negatively predicted the likelihood of committing a crime. However, the results were inconsistent with SAT’s assertion that other variables influenced those with low morality more than those with high morality. Further, the tendency to have an interdependent view of self affected the likelihood of committing a crime in some scenarios. This result indicates that in some situations, some people are more influenced by expectations of their behavior from their surroundings, in addition to their morality. Future empirical studies of SAT are needed to examine the influence of self-control on criminal phenomena using the ability to exercise self-control in certain situations that conform to the concept of self-control advocated by SAT. Morality is also a crucial concept in the SAT. Therefore, future research should examine how the morality of trying to fulfill social role expectations and previously assessed morality influence the likelihood of committing a crime.

Chiropractic Day 2023: A Report and Qualitative Analysis of How Thought Leaders Celebrate the Present and Envision the Future of Chiropractic

ObjectiveThis study aimed to (1) collect and analyze statements about how to celebrate chiropractic in the present and roles that chiropractors may fulfill in the future, (2) identify if there was congruence among the themes between present and future statements, and (3) offer a model about the chiropractic profession that captures its complex relationships that encompass its interactions within microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem levels. MethodsFor this qualitative analysis, we used pattern and grounded theory approaches. A purposive sample of thought leaders in the chiropractic profession were invited to answer the following 2 open-ended questions: (1) envision the chiropractor of the future, and (2) recommendations on how to celebrate chiropractic. Information was collected during April 2023 using Survey Monkey. The information was entered into a spreadsheet and analyzed for topic clusters, which resulted in matching concepts with social-ecological themes. The themes between the responses to the 2 questions were analyzed for congruence. We used the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research to report our findings. ResultsOf the 54 experts invited, 32 (59%) participated. Authors represented 7 countries and have a median of 32 years of chiropractic experience, with a range of 5 to 51 years. Nineteen major topics in the future statements and 23 major topics in statements about celebrating chiropractic were combined in a model. The topics were presented using the 4 levels of the social-ecological framework. Individual (microsystem): chiropractors are competent, well-educated experts in spine and musculoskeletal care who apply evidence-based practices, which is a combination of the best available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values. Interpersonal relationships (mesosystem): chiropractors serve the best interests of their patients, provide person-centered care, embrace diversity, equity, and inclusion, consider specific health needs and the health of the whole person. Community (exosystem): chiropractors provide care within integrated health care environments and in private practices, serve the best interests of the public through participation in their communities, participate through multidisciplinary collaboration with and within the health care system, and work together as a profession with a strong professional identity. Societal (macrosystem): chiropractors contribute to the greater good of society and participate on a global level in policy, leadership, and research. There was concordance between both the future envisioning statements and the present celebration recommendations, which suggest logical validity based on the congruence of these concepts. ConclusionA sample of independent views, including the perceptions from a broad range of chiropractic thought leaders from various backgrounds, philosophies, diversity characteristics, and world regions, were assembled to create a comprehensive model of the chiropractic profession. The resulting model shows an array of intrinsic values and provides the roles that chiropractors may provide to serve patients and the public. This study offers insights into the roles that future chiropractors may fulfill and how these are congruent with present-day values. These core concepts and this novel model may have utility during dialogs about identity, applications regarding chiropractic in policy, practice, education, and research, and building positive relationships and collaborations.

Pilihan Rasional Perempuan Entrepreneur dalam Gugat Cerai di Kota Batam

Divorce suit is a claim of rights to court filed by a wife to divorce from her husband. The divorce is triggered by several factors, one of which dominates is the problem of conflicting disputes continuously, while the rest of the economic factors. The independence of women in the economy is assumed to be a trigger for divorce decisions. Where this condition is a woman who has higher income than her husband and the woman feel enough to have day-to-day needs. This is the basis for the view of women's economic independence will allow women to choose divorce as a rational action in resolving the marital crisis. This study aims to determine the entrepreneur women in divorce suit where until now women who dominate can sue for divorce. The theory that the researcher uses is the theory of rational choice in which an action has an achievement or goal of the decision taken. This study uses qualitative research. Technique to determine the informant by using purposive sampling. The result of this study findings is awareness in terms of how women entrepreneurs can decide a divorce suit decision. Women also have reasons to divorce, one of which is financial ability, educational ability, the ability to educate children, and the ability to deal with social life.