Independent Version Research Articles

Therapeutic and Diagnostic Tactics for Metastases to the Lymph Nodes of the Neck without an Identified Primary Focus

Introduction. Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma from an unknown primary focus accounts for less than 5 % of malignant tumors in the head and neck. Improving the methods of diagnosis can reduce the incidence of this pathology. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of diagnosis and treatment of 59 patients with metastasis to the lymph nodes of the neck without an identified primary focus was performed. The proportion of male patients was 86 % (51/59), female — 14 % (8/59). The average age of patients is 61 years. Squamous cell carcinoma prevailed — 79 % (47/59). Results. Metastatically affected lymph nodes were localized in 92 % of cases at levels II and III. The proportion of patients with stages N2, N3 prevailed — 55 % (abs. 26), 32 % (abs. 15), respectively. Overexpression of the P­16 protein in metastatically affected lymph nodes was detected in 70 %, PD­L1 in 48 %, and Epstein­Barr virus (EBV) in 6 %. Ipsilateral diagnostic palatine tonsillectomy of an apparently unchanged tonsil was performed in 15 % (9/59) of cases, revealing the primary site in one instance. Of the special treatment methods, complex and combined treatment prevailed — 55 % (abs. 26). Radiation therapy in an independent version was performed by 48 % of patients, while 76 % received the full course (abs. 16). Combined treatment (a course of Radiation therapy followed by chemotherapy) — in 7 % (abs. 3) 20 % of patients received polychemotherapy. Palliative immunotherapy (pembrolizumab 200 mg IV — 5 courses) was given to 1 patient. The average life expectancy was higher with complex treatment — it was 60 months (95 % CI 43.5–76.4), the median survival is 60 months. Discussion. The main methods of treatment of patients with metastases of squamous cell carcinoma without were radiation therapy in an independent version, as well as complex treatment. Ipsilateral diagnostic palatine tonsillectomy of an apparently unchanged tonsil was performed in 15 % (abs. 9), and allowed to identify the primary focus in 1 case.Conclusion. Metastasis to the lymph nodes of the neck without remains an urgent interdisciplinary problem. Prospective multicenter studies are required to improve and optimize the algorithms for diagnosis and treatment of these patients.

Comparative evaluation of fracture resistance and push-out bond strength of glass fiber post with composite core and single-unit post and core system luted with two different resin cements: An in vitro study

ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the fracture resistance and push-out bond strength of glass fiber post (GFP) with composite core and single unit post and core system luted with two different resin cements. Methods: Sixty-four mandibular premolars were chosen as the sample for the study. Sample preparation was done, and specimens were randomly divided into two groups (n = 32) each according to the type of post used: Group I – RelyX GFP, Group II – Edelweiss post and core. They were further subdivided in two subgroups based on luting cements: subgroup A: RelyX U200 Adhesive Resin cement and subgroup B: SoloCem resin cement. Fracture resistance was measured in half of the prepared specimens by subjecting a load of 1 mm/min. The load was subjected along the long axis of the tooth at an angle of 45° until failure occurred using the universal testing machine. Half of the samples were divided into three horizontal thirds, i.e., coronal, middle, and apical, and push-out bond strength was evaluated at a rate of 0.5 mm/min. The scores were subjected to statistical analysis using independent t-test and SPSS Version 22.0. Results: Group I showed nonsignificantly better fracture resistance than Group II irrespective of type of luting agent used. Subgroup B showed nonsignificantly higher fracture resistance than subgroup A irrespective of the post used. Subgroup B was nonsignificant better push-out bond strength than Subgroup A (P < 0.05). Push-out bond strength of Group II was significantly better than Group I irrespective of the luting agent. Conclusion: Fiber post showed nonsignificantly better fracture resistance than Edelweiss post and core system. SoloCem showed nonsignificantly better fracture resistance and push-out bond strength with Edelweiss than RelyX U200.

Implementing PDSA Cycles to Expand Reach of Self-Management Education in the Post-COVID Era

ABSTRACT Background COVID-19 reduced participation in our region’s evidence-based chronic disease self-management program (SMP), despite having expanded offerings to include diverse delivery modes (e.g. virtual, mailed toolkit, phone-based group support). Purpose The purpose was to test various approaches of disseminating the mailed toolkit (an independent study version of the SMP) to expand reach of the program. Methods We ran three process improvement (PDSA) cycles. We used electronic health record data, a participant survey, and implementer feedback to guide our decision-making process throughout the iterations. Results Toolkits reached populations that had not previously been exposed to SMPs: individuals with type 2 diabetes who did not attend diabetes education in the past year; individuals being discharged from acute care with an admitting diagnosis related to a chronic disease; and individuals referred by their provider to the program. Discussion Toolkit utilization will remain low for those who are not ready to make a behavior change. Running PDSA cycles provided the necessary information for our team to make decisions about future dissemination of the mailed toolkits. Translation to Health Education Practice Engaging in PDSA cycles can be a helpful tool for health educators when considering how to expand reach or engage new populations of interest.

Towards an Independent Version of Tarski's System of Geometry

Towards an Independent Version of Tarski's System of Geometry

Transcultural Validity of Concept of Internalized Stigma in Patients with Mental Illnesses (Psychometric Properties of Russian Version of Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale)

INTRODUCTION: One of the commonest methods of evaluation of internalized stigma is Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) scale where the differences in the prevalence and perception of mental stigma in different cultures are specified.
 AIM: Validation of Russian version of ISMI scale and evaluation of peculiarities of perception of stigma by Russian-speaking patients with severe psychiatric disorders.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four hundred thirty nine patients with severe psychiatric disorders (F2 and F3 according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision) were examined. The psychometric properties of the Russian version of ISMI scale were evaluated using internal consistency analysis. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA, respectively) were performed. To check age- and gender-related invariance, MIMIC and MIFA models were used, and discriminative power and accuracy of scoring were identified using generalized partial credit model (GPCM). The results of EFA were compared with the data obtained in the Regional Clinical Hospital (n = 120) using independent alternative version of ISMI translation into Russian.
 RESULTS: The internal consistency of the Russian version of ISMI questionnaire was high: Chronbachs 0.90. EFA permitted to identify 4 factors. The first factor (Demoralization, F1) combined elements corresponding to subscale 1 (Alienation) and subscale 2 (Social withdrawal) of the original version of ISMI questionnaire. The other three factors identified in this study according to the content of the items, corresponded to the remaining subscales of the original ISMI scale. In all kinds of the conducted analysis, item 14 had low factor weight. CFA confirmed the four-factor structure. In the sample, MIMIC and MIFA showed the general age- and gender-related invariance with their insufficient power. GPCM showed good characteristics of discriminative power and difficulties in choice of scoring for all factors except the fourth one (Resistance to stigma). EFA performed on the data of the alternative sample, neither could reliably reproduce the five-factor structure of the original ISMI scale due to eclectic mixing of the items of the original scale within five isolated structures.
 CONCLUSION: The suitability of using the internalized stigma assessment tool for the Russian-speaking population has been confirmed. The study highlights the relevance and necessity of expanding transcultural studies of psychological reactions of psychiatric patients.

FORMATION OF LANGUAGE:PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS

In child development, language plays a crucial role in the processes of differentiation and reintegration into new situational forms. These forms include "others," "language for others," "themselves," and "language for themselves," among others. Language is both a process and a product that gains unique sense and character through joint activity between parents and the child. The structure, functions, and contents of indirect speech act as the basis for individual consciousness. Some researchers have provided evidence that the dialectics of communication with others and oneself is central to the conscious self-control of children.According to L. Vygotsky, the language initially acquired by a child is not an independent version of grammar but a means of communication created through interactions between parents and the child. A. Luria's research indicates that for all higher cognitive processes, it is necessary to transition from external social experience to internal psychological control. In other words, the development of cognitive control requires the shift from relying on social experiences to relying on internal psychological processes.

Dependence in constrained Bayesian optimization

Constrained Bayesian optimization optimizes a black-box objective function subject to black-box constraints. For simplicity, most existing works assume that multiple constraints are independent. To ask, when and how does dependence between constraints help?, we remove this assumption and implement probability of feasibility with dependence (Dep-PoF) by applying multiple output Gaussian processes (MOGPs) as surrogate models and using expectation propagation to approximate the probabilities. We compare Dep-PoF and the independent version PoF. We propose two new acquisition functions incorporating Dep-PoF and test them on synthetic and practical benchmarks. Our results are largely negative: incorporating dependence between the constraints does not help much. Empirically, incorporating dependence between constraints may be useful if: (i) the solution is on the boundary of the feasible region(s) or (ii) the feasible set is very small. When these conditions are satisfied, the predictive covariance matrix from the MOGP may be poorly approximated by a diagonal matrix and the off-diagonal matrix elements may become important. Dep-PoF may apply to settings where (i) the constraints and their dependence are totally unknown and (ii) experiments are so expensive that any slightly better Bayesian optimization procedure is preferred. But, in most cases, Dep-PoF is indistinguishable from PoF.

Diagnostic Value of Salivary Amino Acid Levels in Cancer.

This review analyzed 21 scientific papers on the determination of amino acids in various types of cancer in saliva. Most of the studies are on oral cancer (8/21), breast cancer (4/21), gastric cancer (3/21), lung cancer (2/21), glioblastoma (2/21) and one study on colorectal, pancreatic, thyroid and liver cancer. The amino acids alanine, valine, phenylalanine, leucine and isoleucine play a leading role in the diagnosis of cancer via the saliva. In an independent version, amino acids are rarely used; the authors combine either amino acids with each other or with other metabolites, which makes it possible to obtain high values of sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, a logical and complete substantiation of the changes in saliva occurring in cancer, including changes in salivary amino acid levels, has not yet been formed, which makes it important to continue research in this direction.

Independent, neutral, and monotonic collective choice: the role of Suzumura consistency

We examine the impact of Suzumura’s (Economica 43:381–390, 1976) consistency property when applied in the context of collective choice rules that are independent of irrelevant alternatives, neutral, and monotonic. An earlier contribution by Blau and Deb (Econometrica 45:871–879, 1977) establishes the existence of a vetoer if the collective relation is required to be complete and acyclical. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities that result if completeness and acyclicity are dropped and Suzumura consistency is imposed instead. A conceptually similar but logically independent version of the combined axiom that requires the collective decision mechanism to be independent, neutral, and monotonic is employed. In the case of a finite population, we obtain an alternative impossibility theorem if a collective choice rule is assumed to be non-degenerate and a modified no veto requirement is imposed instead of Blau and Deb’s (1977) condition. If the population is countably infinite, the impossibility can be avoided but it resurfaces if our new no veto property is extended to a coalitional variant.

Successful extirpation of a perforated esophagus after chemo radiotherapy in infiltrative ulcerative squamous cell carcinoma

Esophageal cancer is one of the most aggressive malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, occupying the eighth place in the structure of morbidity worldwide. Despite comprehensive approaches to treatment, mortality continues to grow in both gender groups, which moves this pathology to the sixth position in the structure of mortality from malignant tumors. A lot of patients undergo radiation therapy in the preoperative period or in an independent version due to the peculiarities of the localization of the tumor or the spread of the process. One of the serious complications of the disease on the background of ongoing conservative therapy is perforation of the esophagus, which, according to the literature, can develop from 5.6 to 33 % of cases, and the risk factors for the development of this complication are infiltrative-u lcerative form of cancer, disease stage T3–4 and the presence of esophageal stenosis, as well as the use of chemotherapy drugs such as fluorouracil and cisplatin. The article describes a clinical case of esophageal perforation in a patient with infiltrative-u lcerative form of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus on the background of preoperative chemoradiotherapy. The total focal dose (TFD) at the time of complication development was 24 Gy. As a result of a comprehensive additional examination, which revealed a developed complication in the form of perforation of the esophagus, an interdisciplinary council decided on an immediate surgical intervention, during which extirpation of the esophagus with gastro- and esophagostomy was performed. The patient was discharged on the 15th day in a satisfactory condition with a recommendation to conduct an IHC study for the presence of PD-L1 expression to determine further management tactics. This clinical case demonstrates the role of the infiltrative- ulcerative form of tumor growth, the stage of the disease, as well as the use of chemotherapy drugs during radiation treatment as risk factors for the development of esophageal perforation; an important task at the prehospital stage in the selection of such patients is a thorough examination in specialized oncological centers to exclude possible complications in the process of the above conservative treatment.

Glial fibrillary acidic protein is a robust biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood after traumatic spinal cord injury: a prospective pilot study.

Biochemical biomarkers to determine the injury severity and the potential for functional recovery of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) are highly warranted; however, it remains to be clarified whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or peripheral blood (PB) is the ideal sample media. This study aims to measure and compare biomarker concentrations in CSF and PB and to explore associations between biomarker concentrations and injury severity, i.e., American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) grade, and biomarker concentrations and clinical outcome, i.e., AIS grade improvement and Spinal Cord Independent Measure version III (SCIM-III) score. From 2018 to 2020, we conducted a single-center prospective pilot study of TSCI patients (n=15) and healthy controls (n=15). Sample collection and clinical outcome assessment were performed at median 13 h [IQR: 19], 9 days [IQR: 2], and 148 days [IQR: 49] after TSCI. Concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE); glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP); neurofilament light chain (NfL); interferon-γ (IFN-γ); interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, and IL-13; and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured and associated to clinical outcomes. The biomarker concentrations were higher in CSF than PB. CSF concentrations of GFAP, NSE, IFN-y, TNF-a, IL-2, IL-12p70, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 and PB concentrations of GFAP and IFN-y were significantly associated with AIS grade, but not with AIS grade improvement or SCIM-III score. Our results support GFAP as a potential diagnostic biomarker that may be measured in CSF as well as PB.

Development of Digital-Based Constructivistic Teaching Materials to Improve the Metacognitive Ability of Disaster Materials Students

This study aims to analyze students' metacognitive abilities and the effectiveness of digital-based constructivist teaching materials. It was done to improve students' metacognitive abilities. This study's method was an experiment with a quantitative approach. In this study, the pretest-posttest control group design was used. The ADDIE model was then used to create teaching materials. The MAI (Metacognitive Awareness Inventory) questionnaire instrument was used to assess students' metacognitive abilities. The treatment was provided to the experimental class by using digital-based constructivist teaching materials in the learning process. The aim is to improve students' metacognitive knowledge and skills. The independent sample t-test SPSS version 20.0 for windows was used to compare the two average values (pretest and posttest of the experimental class with the control class). The researchers then used the effect size test to determine the efficacy of digital constructivist teaching materials. It is for improving students' metacognitive abilities. The results of this study showed 1) From the total results of the validation assessment by experts and teachers of geography subjects, the final percentage of 86.5 percent was said to be feasible and valid to be tested. 2) As metacognition improves, so did the value of the metacognition test, which now had a gain index of 57.59%, which translates to "quite effective." Also, the average metacognition assessment showed good results. 3) Analysis of t-test results where the value of Sig. (2-tailed) for the analysis of posttest data was 0.000. The decision obtained was that H0 was accepted because 0.000 <0.05, then the data was significantly different between the control and experimental classes.

Race to the Pole: Matthew Henson, Arctic Explorer

In his memoir, A Negro Explorer at the North Pole (1912), Matthew Henson describes the toll of his and Peary’s race to the Pole. This record of the 1908-09 Arctic expedition complicates established understandings of the “Dash to the Pole” and his own role as Peary’s assistant. Donald B. Macmillan declared in How Peary Reached the Pole: The Personal Story of His Assistant (2008) that Peary could not have done it without Henson (275), whose text uncovers an accomplished writer and explorer at work. The complicated character of Robert E. Peary figures prominently in his pages, though in a less independent version than in other accounts. Henson details the highly skilled labor he performs in the Arctic, and his own personality and perceptions. He shares, to a degree, the value systems of his Commander and the white members of the expedition, including the emphasis on heroic masculinity. But he also inscribes his racial heritage into his memoir, and his close, if complex, relation to the Inughuit. The result of intricate balancing acts, Henson’s silences echo in his text, revealing what could not be articulated by an African American member of Peary’s legendary expeditions. Henson’s contemporaries paid little attention to his accomplishments, since white American and European explorers dominated the field of Arctic travel, but his contribution received more attention as the 20th Century progressed. His experience suggests the costs and the crises—personal, national, and international—of a contested icescape increasingly visible and accessible in the 21st Century.

Laser induced thermotherapy of multiple actinic keratosis

Actinic keratosis (AK) is one of the most common precancerous diseases of the skin, which is characterized by local intraepidermal atypia of keratinocytes that occurs under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, clinically manifested by typical foci of hyperkeratosis in exposed areas of the skin. This is an urgent medical and social problem due to the potential tendency of atypical keratinocytes to malignant transformation, proliferation of keratinocytes and their spread beyond the epidermis with the development of tumor progression [1]. Recently, a number of authors have established important features of the course of this precancerous tumor. First of all, we are talking about an increased risk of malignant transformation of AK into squamous cell carcinoma in the presence of a history of visceral malignancy, as well as the same changes in the lesion and the adjacent clinically unaffected skin in the form of accumulation of genetic and epigenetic mutations that form "cancerization fields" [ 33,34], indicating the need to treat AK, especially multiple foci, using the ablastic rule with the capture of 1-1.5 cm of apparently healthy skin [35,36]. For the treatment of multiple AK foci in a patient with an aggravated oncological history, for the first time, we used, in an independent version, a modern method of treatment - laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT). LITT is a non-invasive, antitumor, immunomodulatory method based on the selective death of atypical keratinocytes in the epidermis by local tissue heating to a temperature of 42.5-44℃ (hyperthermia) caused by infrared laser radiation with a wavelength of 800-1300 nm. The presented case of AK in a patient with breast cancer in history was characterized by a combination of keratotic and erythematous forms of the tumor. At the same time, LITT with an extended exposure zone by 1 cm from the visible boundaries of the lesions was not only clinically effective in terms of immediate and long-term results, but also gave an excellent cosmetic result with a completely satisfactory tolerability of the treatment procedure.

Лучевая терапия локализованного рака гортани в режиме гиперфракционирования с равномерным дроблением дневной дозы

The aim of the study was to evaluate the phenomena of early and late toxicity, immediate and long-term results of treatment of patients with localized laryngeal cancer who received a radical course of conformal radiation therapy in the hyperfractionation mode with a uniform fragmentation of the daily dose of 1+1 Gy to 64-66 Gy in an independent version

The Neo-Kantian Sources of Heidegger’s Overcoming of the Encounter Problem

One of Heidegger’s main targets of criticism in History of the Concept of Time is Husserl’s theory of intentionality. This criticism, however, has roots in Heidegger’s earliest thinking over the course of his student years and pertains to what Ernst Tugendhat called the problem of encounter as such. In this article I present how the critical appropriation of Rickert’s and Lask’s ideas shaped a unique interpretation of the subject’s existence in the early stages of Heidegger’s career, contributing to the (dis)solution of the encounter problem and anticipating an independent version of phenomenology more than a decade before the publication of Being and Time. These alternative sources of influence illuminate Heidegger’s own path, which is significantly different from Husserl’s from the very start. In particular, I show in the article how Heidegger’s critical appropriation of Neo-Kantian sources allows him already during the 1910s to see the derivative status of the theoretical subject-object dichotomy and to realize the need to investigate living subjectivity in its embeddedness in the world.

PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JUS BIT TERFORTIFIKASI FESO4 INSTAN (JUS BEEFE) DALAM MENANGGULANGI ANEMIA ATLET REMAJA PUTRI

Prolonged physical exercise has the risk of increasing free radicals which will affect the breakdown of red blood cells and promote the risk of decreased hemoglobin. Adolescent female athletes have a risk of decreasing hemoglobin due to menstruation. This situation can get worse if the athletes have iron defi-ciency or anemia as the result of poor diet choice. Increased radicals and anemia affect the amount of oxygen carried to the tissues and the maximum volume of oxygen an individual can use to produce energy (VO2 max). Beets have benefits for athlete's performance and have been developed into an instant drink. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an instant FeSO4 fortified beet juice (BeeFe juice) in overcoming anemia on female adolescent athletes. This research using an experimental study with controlled trial pre-posttest design. Twenty-nine adolescent female athletes, aged 13-19 years, were divided into two groups. Fe tablet supplementation (containing Fe 60 mg) was given to 15 athletes in the control group and BeeFe juice (containing Fe 17 mg) was given to 14 athletes in the treatment group du-ring the luteal and menstruation phase (±14 days). Hemoglobin levels, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and maxi-mal oxygen volume (VO2 max) were examined before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test IBM SPSS version 22. This research has obtained Ethical Appro-val with number KE/FK/0633/EC/2018 from the Ethical Commission of FKKMK UGM. The results showed no significant difference between the group given Fe tablets and the group given BeeFe juice on hemo-globin levels (P>0.05), MDA levels (P>0.05), and VO2 max levels (P>0.05) in the menstrual and luteal phases of menstruation. It can be concluded that BeeFe juice has the same effectiveness as commercial Fe tablets. BeeFe juice can be an alternative food ingredient in iron supplementation.

Possibilities of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of malignant tumors of the oral cavity

Oral mucosa cancer is a common disease with relatively low survival rates. The standard for the treatment of malignant neoplasms (MNO) of the oral mucosa is the surgical method, chemotherapy and / or radiation therapy. With the introduction of modern protocols and the improvement of current treatment methods, the increase in survival is insignificant due to the development of local and distant relapses, the appearance of simultaneous tumors of the oral cavity. Cosmetic and functional results in patients who have undergone complex treatment for oral cancer are often unsatisfactory. There is an obvious need to develop new approaches to treating patients with cancer of the oral mucosa. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has similar properties. With the development of endoscopic and fiber-optic equipment, the fields of PDT application have significantly expanded. Foci in the oral cavity and oropharynx became available for PDT. The early stages of oral mucosal cancer are optimal for PDT because large surface defects can be treated with minimal complications. Preservation of subepithelial and collagen structures, which is typical for PDT, promotes healing without the formation of scar processes, thereby achieving an ideal cosmetic and functional effect. The use of PDT in the treatment of oral cavity cancer is not limited only to the initial stages in an independent version. It is possible to use PDT in combination with surgical and radiation treatment. In case of massive tumor processes, PDT is used for palliative purposes. The influence of the adaptive immune response under the influence of PDT is being studied.

Effect of 8 Weeks of Endurance Training on S6K1 and 4EBP1 Proteins Content in the Left Ventricle of the Heart of Diabetic Rats Induced by Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide

Introduction: Physiological hypertrophy of the heart is dependent on cellular pathways and important proteins such as the ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4EBP1). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of endurance training on ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 in the left ventricle of the heart of diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Methods: In this experimental study, 12 two-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats with a mean weight of 270±20 g were selected. After diabetic induction with streptozotocin and Nicotinamide, rats were randomly assigned to two groups, training diabetic and control diabetic (6 heads in group each). The training group performed endurance training 4 days a week for 8 weeks according to the training program; while the control group did not have any training program. Also, rats did not receive any insulin treatment during the study period. Protein content was measured using the Western blot method. The Independent t-test and SPSS software version 16 was used to analyze the data. Results: Eight weeks of endurance training resulted in a significant increase in S6K1 protein content (P=0.001); There was also a significant increase in 4EBP1 protein content in the endurance training group compared to the control (P=0.0001). Conclusion: Eight weeks of endurance training resulted in a significant increase in S6K1 and 4EBP1 proteins in the hearts of diabetic subjects; activation of these proteins may regulate protein synthesis and cardiac hypertrophy.

Можливості застосування електромеханічного обладнання для компенсації реактивної потужності та підвищення надійності електропостачання

У статті розглянуто систему електропостачання підприємства хімічної промисловості. При проектуванні таких систем необхідно проводити вибір найбільш доцільного варіанту використання електрообладнання. Вибір здійснюється на основі всебічного аналізу технічних і економічних показників. Розглянуто рішення щодо забезпечення безаварійної роботи енергосистеми, яка живить підприємство хімічної промисловості.Для компенсації реактивної потужності, яка споживається електроустановками промислового підприємства, можуть бути застосовані синхронні компенсатори, а також використовуються синхронні машини.