Independent Technological Innovation Research Articles

Study on the Limitations of Economic Digitalization and Development Strategies under the New Development Strategy

With the rapid development of the digital economy and the rise of the industrial Internet, China has made significant progress in terms of industrial competitiveness and industrial innovation and development. However, China's capacity for independent technology innovation must be improved. Firstly, China's independent innovation capacity in key core technology areas could be more robust. This mainly manifests in China's reliance on imported technologies and equipment in high-end manufacturing and emerging industries. Although China has made certain technological breakthroughs in specific fields, there is a particular gap between China and the international advanced level. Secondly, the investment in technological research and development of Chinese enterprises must be increased. Although the R&D investment of Chinese enterprises is gradually growing as more attention is paid to scientific and technological innovation, there still needs to be a significant gap compared with developed countries. In particular, the R&D investment of small and medium-sized enterprises is relatively low, resulting in the overall level of independent technological innovation not being high. Again, China needs to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights. For a long time, the construction of China's intellectual property protection system has been lagging, and the problem of intellectual property infringement is relatively prominent, which has formed a particular obstacle to independent technological innovation. Therefore, studying economic digital development restrictions and development strategies has profound theoretical and practical significance in the new development pattern.

Study on the Limitations of Economic Digitalization and Development Strategies under the New Development Strategy

With the rapid development of the digital economy and the rise of the industrial Internet, China has made significant progress in terms of industrial competitiveness and industrial innovation and development. However, China's capacity for independent technology innovation must be improved. Firstly, China's independent innovation capacity in key core technology areas could be more robust. This mainly manifests in China's reliance on imported technologies and equipment in high-end manufacturing and emerging industries. Although China has made certain technological breakthroughs in specific fields, there is a particular gap between China and the international advanced level. Secondly, the investment in technological research and development of Chinese enterprises must be increased. Although the R&D investment of Chinese enterprises is gradually growing as more attention is paid to scientific and technological innovation, there still needs to be a significant gap compared with developed countries. In particular, the R&D investment of small and medium-sized enterprises is relatively low, resulting in the overall level of independent technological innovation not being high. Again, China needs to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights. For a long time, the construction of China's intellectual property protection system has been lagging, and the problem of intellectual property infringement is relatively prominent, which has formed a particular obstacle to independent technological innovation. Therefore, studying economic digital development restrictions and development strategies has profound theoretical and practical significance in the new development pattern.

Impact of FDI and foreign trade openness on carbon emissions in China: evidence from threshold regression model

ABSTRACT Using panel data of 20 industries in China from 2006 to 2019, this paper constructs a fixed effect model to study the impact of FDI (foreign direct investment) and foreign trade on China’s industrial carbon emissions. We combine the panel threshold model to explore the impact mechanism of FDI and foreign trade on industrial carbon emissions under the difference of independent technological innovation. Research efforts has shown that FDI and foreign trade have a long-term promoting effect on industrial carbon emissions, indicating that the ‘pollution shelter’ hypothesis is valid in the context of China’s industrial industry. The threshold regression indicates that with the increase of independent technological innovation, the increase in carbon emissions promoted by FDI while foreign trade decreases. When considering heterogeneity issues, FDI and foreign trade in moderately and heavily polluting industries significantly increase carbon emissions compared with lightly polluting industries; Compared with heavily polluting industries, moderately polluting industries have a more significant positive impact on carbon emissions from foreign trade. The research conclusion provides reference for reducing carbon emissions and improving environmental quality by emphasizing the industry structure of FDI and foreign trade, fully stimulating independent technological innovation, and creating an innovation atmosphere.

From industrialization to dehumanization: understanding the deriving forces of environment and implications for sustainable development.

Environment has detrimental effects on economic activity and human survival. Climate change is increasingly conducive to natural disasters, epidemics, social conflicts, food security, financial shocks, economic hardships, and life subsistence. In pursuit of this issue, this study empirically investigates the effects in outcome variable CO2 provoked by independent variables governance, technological innovation, renewable energy, economic growth, and economic policy uncertainty in APEC economies. The APEC region accounts for 60% of global emissions, 62% of world GDP, 48% of global trade and contribute 8.7% renewable energy annually. A dynamic panel PMG-ARDL model is applied under the assumption of maximum likelihood estimation with DH causality and CS-ARDL for the period of 1996-2020. Our empirical results confirm that governance, technology innovation, and transitional energy have significant and positive effect to mitigate CO2 emissions. The region needs to design policy mechanisms supportive to promote institutional quality, enhances transparency, ensure political stability and rule of law. It develops the infrastructure that ensures the adaptation of technology innovations, promotes green growth, improves energy efficiency, and implements carbon pricing mechanism. Economic policy uncertainty has insignificant and positive effects on environmental degradation. The findings show that governance, technological development, and transitional energy have an essential role to mitigate CO2 emissions and achieve sustainable development. Moreover, this study will be helpful in understanding the implications of SDGs and achieving specific targets such as (SDG-7: Clean energy sources) and (SDG-8: Sustainable development goal) based on the largest set of emitters APEC.

INTENSI PENGGUNAAN FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY (FINTECH) SEBAGAI SISTEM PEMBAYARAN BAGI PELAKU UMKM PADA ASOSIASI PEARL NTB

Financial technology is the result of a combination of financial services with technology which is ultimately widely used in today's digital era. This study aims to examine the effect of personalization, access ability, technological innovation, and social factors on the intention to use financial technology so that this research variable consists of 4 (four) independent variables, namely personalization (X1), access ability (X2), technological innovation (X3 ) and social factors (X4) and the dependent variable is the intention to use financial technology (Y). The research method uses quantitative associative with the population members of the Association of Traders and Craftsmen Pearl Lombok (PEARL) NTB as many as 120 SMEs. Samples were taken using the saturated sampling method where the entire population is a sample. Data were obtained by distributing questionnaires to all members of the PEARL NTB association. Questionnaires that return and can be used as many as 50 questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Multiple Linear Regression with Statistic Program for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 program. The results of this study indicate that personalization, access capabilities, technological innovation, and social factors partially significantly influence the intention to use financial technology. The results of this study also show that the independent variables (personalization, ability to access, technology innovation, and social factors) can influence the dependent variable (intention to use financial technology) by 92,1%. While the remaining 7,9% is influenced by other variables outside the regression model used in this study.

The Marxist View of Science and Technology and China's Independent Innovation and Development

Science and technology have played an important role in the development of human society. Marx and Engels attached great importance to the development of science and technology, and had unique views on science and technology. Marxist view of science and technology has the scientific attribute of keeping pace with the times and seeking truth from facts. The Marxist view of science and technology points out that scientific progress is an important driving force for technological development, which provides important guidance for China to build an independent and innovative country. This paper expounds the formation and development of the Marxist view of science and technology, discusses its views on science and technology and social development, and then, under the guidance of the Marxist view of science and technology, points out the development and innovation of the Marxist view of science and technology in China at different stages in combination with the actual development of China. According to the scientific judgment of the Marxist view of science and technology, summing up the historical experience and lessons, this paper obtains the enlightenment of the Marxist view of science and technology on the development of China's independent innovation, and holds that China should continue to improve the scientific and technological innovation system and continuously strengthen the construction of infrastructure; focus on developing innovative human resources; create a good innovation atmosphere and build a new pattern of independent scientific and technological innovation and development.

Research on the influence mechanism of coordinated development of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei local economy and high haze pollution industries such as thermal power

The unbalanced industrial development in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei leads to the economic development with increasingly prominent environmental problems, which is not conducive to the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei. This research constructs a composite multiple mediation model with government factors as independent variables, market factors, technological innovation, and location factors as mediating variables, and coordinated development as outcome variables to conduct an empirical study. The PLS-SEM method was used to evaluate and test the initial model and the modified model. After several fittings, the optimal model is obtained, the study found that the mediating effect value of technological innovation was the largest between government factors to coordinated development effects, followed by the mediating variables location factors and market factors. It is recommended to build a common research and sharing mechanism for green technological innovation in pollution reduction and accelerate the speed of transformation of green achievements; build an internal and external construction mechanism based on thermal power and other high haze pollution industrial systems to improve the proportion of high quality population; build a financial hierarchical expenditure guarantee mechanism and strive to create an environment open to foreign business.

Progress and prospect of CNOOC's oil and gas well drilling and completion technologies

Offshore oil and gas production has become an important growth pole to ensure national energy security. However, China's offshore oil and gas production is lack of key core technologies and weak in tool and equipment foundation and can hardly support the optimized fast development of important fields. To solve these technological difficulties, China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) insisted on independent technological innovation and overcame a series of key core technologies through theoretical research and key technology research and test during the 13th Five-Year Plan. And the following research results are obtained. First, several key technologies are broken through, including efficient drilling and completion in the middle and deep layers of the Bohai Sea, offshore large-scale heavy oil thermal recovery, deep-water oil and gas field development, and high temperature and high pressure well drilling and completion in the South China Sea, unconventional oil and gas stimulation, and offshore emergency rescue. Domestic first independently operated ultra deep water giant gas field, namely “Deepsea 1” is successfully put into production, so that the leap from 300 m to 1500 m of water depth and from exploration to development is realized. Second, key tools and equipment are developed, such as logging while drilling and rotary steering drilling system, deep-water drilling surface conductor, underwater emergency killing device, and underwater wellhead Christmas tree, which promote the high-quality development of China's offshore oil industry. Finally, some suggestions are proposed as follows. In the future, CNOOC shall strengthen independent technological innovation, quicken the pace to deepsea oil and gas, and continue to research key core technologies for oil and gas reserves and production increase (e.g. continuous localization of drilling and completion technologies, equipment and materials in complex fields), commingled gas production and test and green energy transformation (e.g. geothermal energy), so as to make greater contributions to ensure national energy security and build a maritime power.

Sustainability performance of global chemical industry based on green total factor productivity

The sustainability of the chemical industry is crucial for achieving global sustainable production. The sustainability performance of global chemical industry is influenced by many issues synergistically and has not been fully quantified. Systematic analysis from multiple perspectives, such as resource savings, economic growth, and environmental improvement, is urgently needed to support effective macro-policy decisions. This study quantifies the variation trend of the sustainability of the global chemical industry during 2004–2014 and identifies the driving forces under the framework of green total factor productivity (GTFP). Results show that most developed countries performed efficiently (with GTFP values equal to 1) in sustainable production of the chemical industry, while the least developed countries usually performed inefficiently (with GTFP values lower than 1). Notably, a polarization of sustainability in the chemical industry has been confirmed among countries with different production capacities. From 2004 to 2014, the sustainability performance of the global chemical industry has generally improved. It was mainly driven by technological progress (resulting from independent technological innovation) rather than efficiency catching-up (derived from technological learning). Furthermore, technological progress was manifested mainly as the improvement in CO2 reduction performance and capital saving performance, while technological learning was manifested mainly as the improvement in labor saving performance. Based on the conclusions of this study, the international world is suggested to take action to strengthen international technology cooperation, and governments should make prioritized and focused policies to effectively promote the sustainability of global chemical industry.

Research on the Evaluation Method of Enterprises' Independent Innovation Ability Based on Improved BP Neural Network and DQN Algorithm.

The development of enterprises has a very important influence on promoting national economic growth and improving comprehensive economic strength. This work evaluates the independent innovation ability of enterprises, analyzes the characteristics and difficulties of technological innovation of enterprises, and proposes corresponding solutions to promote independent technological innovation of enterprises. Firstly, the characteristics of the research object are clarified, and on the basis of relevant research, the theory of technological innovation and evaluation at home and abroad is expounded. At the same time, the basic theory of the improved BP neural network and DQN algorithm is introduced, which provides a theoretical basis for the research of the thesis. Secondly, according to the characteristics of enterprise technological innovation, an index system for evaluating the technological innovation capability of enterprises is constructed. Then, according to the related theory of the improved BP neural network and DQN algorithm, a neural network model for evaluating the technological innovation capability of enterprises is designed, and the validity of the model is verified through empirical research. Finally, this paper applies the evaluation model to the surveyed enterprises, comprehensively analyzes the characteristics and existing problems of independent technological innovation of enterprises, and proposes practical and feasible countermeasures to improve technological innovation capabilities from the perspective of enterprises themselves. The research results of this paper can be used as an effective supplement to the research on independent technological innovation of enterprises, and at the same time promote the continuous improvement of independent technological innovation capabilities of enterprises.

Toll-Like Receptor Agonist R848 Protects Mice from Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infections

Background: An ideal animal model to study SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogenesis and evaluate therapies and vaccines should reproduce SARS-CoV-2 infection and recapitulate lung disease like those seen in humans. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2, but mice are resistant to the infection because their ACE2 is incompatible with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Methods: We generated a mouse-adapted strain SARS-CoV-2 by serial passages in the lung of BALB/c mice. Complete genome deep sequencing of different generations of viruses was performed to characterize the dynamics of the adaptive mutations in SARS-CoV-2. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis and Biolayer interferometry experiments demonstrated that two mutations in RBD significantly increased its binding affinity towards mouse ACE2. Significantly, TLR7/8 agonist Resiquimod block SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo. Findings: We adapted a wild-type SARS-CoV-2 by serial passages in the lung of BALB/c mice. The mouse-adapted strain WBP-1 showed increased infectivity in BALB/c mice and led to severe interstitial pneumonia. We characterized the dynamics of the adaptive mutations in SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated that Q493K and Q498H in RBD significantly increased its binding affinity towards mouse ACE2. Additionally, The TLR7/8 agonist Resiquimod was able to protect mice against WBP-1 challenge, demonstrating this mouse-adapted strain is a useful tool to investigate COVID-19 and develop new therapies. Interpretation: We found for the first time that the Q493K and Q498H mutations in the RBD of WBP-1 enhanced its interactive affinities with mACE2. The mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 provides a valuable tool for the evaluation of novel antiviral and vaccine strategies, especially in determining the immunopathological consequences of any intervention. This study also verified the antiviral activity of TLR7/8 agonist Resiquimod against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and in vivo.Funding Statement: This research was funded by Emergency Science and Technology Project of Hubei Province（2020FCA046）and Independent Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Huazhong Agricultural University in 2020 (2662020PY002).Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.Ethics Approval Statement: The animal experiments were approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China (HZAUMO-2020-0007). All the animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals from the Research Ethics Committee, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei, China.

Barriers to technological innovations of SMEs: how to solve them?

PurposeThis study aims to analyze the inhibiting factors of small and medium enterprises (SMEs’) technology innovation, supporting institutions for SMEs technology innovation development, SMEs’ technology innovation development model and strategies for developing SMEs in technology innovation.Design/methodology/approachThis is a mixed-method research project conducted through a survey of SMEs in Riau Province, Sumatera Indonesia (primarily in the districts of Siak, Kampar and Pelalawan) from April to July 2019. SMEs that have been operating for at least five years were chosen purposively as samples. Based on the requirement, there are 277 entities used in this study. A focus group discussion (FGD) was also conducted to formulate SME models and development strategies in technological innovation. In addition, in-depth interviews and observations were also carried out on technological innovations undertaken by respondents.FindingsIt was found that there are five inhibiting factors of SMEs’ technology innovation: government support, quality of human resources, funding of technological innovation, economic conditions and business partners. The biggest inhibiting factor remains to be the funding of technological innovation. Therefore SMEs provide independent technological innovation costs to develop technological innovations for business sustainability. Supporting institutions for developing SME technology innovation consist of government institutions, private institutions, financial institutions (banks) and nonbank financial institutions. To survive and excel amid competition, SMEs need to pay attention to technological innovation. The business strategy that needs to be done is to improve services to consumers and improve their attitude toward innovation in the implementation and development of SMEs’ businesses.Research limitations/implicationsThis research is limited to research on the inhibiting factors for SME technology innovation from the aspect of the production sector. This research has not studied various business fields in the trade, service and digital SME sectors. Future studies can reveal factors inhibiting SME technological innovation, except production aspects and various SME business fields. In addition, this study has not analyzed the cost of technological innovation provided by SMEs. Therefore, future studies could also reveal the large costs of technological innovation provided by SMEs.Originality/valueThis research investigates barriers hindering the SMEs’ technological innovations in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia as a maritime country. It also formulates strategies to reduce the barriers to SME’s technological innovation and contributes to the development of knowledge of technological innovations in SMEs. Moreover, this paper involves investigating government support from a nonfinancial aspect. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this aspect has not been much discussed by studies on innovation at SMEs till now.

China's Economic Challenges Beyond Covid-19

Since 2020, the U.S.-China trade war, economic de-globalization, and global epidemic outbreak have exacerbated the instability of the external environment in China. In response, the Chinese government has put forward the dual circulation strategy, striving to activate and expand domestic markets, and combined with the new infrastructure strategy to strengthen independent technological innovation and continue to upgrade the industrial chain. Undoubtedly, the launch of the "dual circulation and new infrastructure" strategy in China means that its current economic development model will usher in a new wave of adjustments, and bring fundamental changes to the international industrial division of labor and the global economy. It is necessary to conduct an early response assessment to ensure that we can still maintain the supply chain in the process of global industrial supply chain reorganization.

Study on the Relationship of FDI and Processing Trade Value-added Rate —Based on the Data from Shandong Province of China

Based on the data of Shandong province in china over the 1998-2017 periods, this paper examines the impacts of inward FDI from Japan, Korea and USA on the Processing Trade Value-added Rate (ADVA) respectively. The cointegration equation indicates Japanese and Korean direct investments in Shandong Province are positively correlated with ADVA, but American direct investment is negative. There is no evidence that the FDI from Japan, Korea and USA have effects on the processing trade value-added rate of Shandong province as they are not Granger causality of ADVA. The power to promote the transformation and upgrading of Shandong’s processing trade comes from inside instead of outside, and independent technology innovation is critical.

Marketisation as a channel of international technology diffusion and green total factor productivity: research on the spillover effect from China’s first-tier cities

ABSTRACT Latecomer technology imitation and learning is an important driving force to enhance their competitiveness and total factor productivity (TFP). This paper constructs green TFP (GTFP) based on the SBM–Global–Luenberger index, using Chinese provincial panel data from 2003 to 2017. The marginal effects of foreign direct investment (FDI), outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), import and export, and intangible and total international technology spillovers (ITS) on GTFP were assessed. These effects were analysed under the influence of absorption capabilities such as research and development intensity, economic and financial, and openness. A spatial diffusion model based on three diffusion sources in China’s first-tier cities, Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, was constructed to describe the heterogeneous impacts of ITS on GTFP under the marketisation of diffusion sources. We found: (1) ITS based on exports and OFDI promote economic, imports and FDI are relatively small, independent technological innovation is the dominant source of economic growth. (2) Considering spatial diffusion, the contribution of Beijing’s ITS is relatively weak, and Shanghai’s contribution is stronger. Coastal areas have the largest marginal effect of ITS on GTFP, and ITS do not attenuate as geographic distances increase. (3) The market has a multiplier effect, modifying the relationship between ITS and GTFP.

Technology standardization, competitive behavior, and enterprises’ performance of innovation

PurposeWith the development and innovation of IoT technologies, both domestic and international people in the industry believe the development of IoT are the new points of technological innovation and economic growth. But it is becoming more and more prominent that the industries are difficult to connect and the IoT technologies are not standardized. The purpose of this paper is to promote the further development of IoT technology and industry, technology standardization of IoT has become the focus of all concerned parties. Technology standardization, as a technological innovation and development process of the “pruning shears,” has been embedded into the various aspects of innovation activities.Design/methodology/approachBased on many previous theories, the authors establish a matrix of the patterns of technology standardization. The authors use the relative state of the highest level of technology of the enterprise and The degree of independent technological innovation as the two dimensions of the model. At the same time, the authors divide the competitive behaviors into two categories and match them with the technology standardization model.FindingsThe authors explain the short-term competitive behaviors in the same enterprise and among different enterprises by using the theories of mutualism and competition among species in biology, and make an analogy between the phenomenon of base pairing in DNA double helix structure and the corresponding relationship of two kinds of innovation abilities and two kinds of competitive behaviors in the process of technology standardization.Originality/valueCombined with previous theories, explain that innovation capability plays a mediating role in the process in which the combinations of the patterns of technology standardization and competitive behaviors are transformed into the enterprise innovation performance, and the uncertainty of external environment play a regulatory role in the process. Finally, the authors established the final conceptual model for providing theoretical basis for the later research, and put forward the conclusions and prospect at the end of the paper.

Independent Directors and Enterprise Technology Innovation

Based on the data of A-share listed companies from 1996 to 2016, the paper uses the panel double fixed model to study the impact of the company’s transition to a larger proportion of independent directors on corporate innovation behavior. It is concluded that the increase in the proportion of independent directors of the company can make the number of patents of the company significant. Increased conclusions. Compared with invention patents, non-invention patent applications have increased more, and the increase in independent directors has prompted managers to pay more attention to the benefits and risks of innovation. At the same time, based on the DID model, this paper analyzes the impact of the minimum independent director policy ratio on the company’s innovation activities. The study finds that the minimum independent director ratio policy allows private companies to lower their minimum proportion of companies and increase their strategic innovation behavior, instead of seeking exploration and breakthroughs in new technologies.

政府R & D资助对企业自主科技创新的影响——基于门槛回归分析

政府R & D资助对企业自主科技创新的影响——基于门槛回归分析

Study on the Innovative Practical Teaching System of Game Animation Specialty

The quality of talent training in colleges is closely related with the practical teaching. This paper perform a study on the practical teaching system of game animation specialty, and put forward a multi-level and diversified practical teaching mode, which is based on the integration of basic experiment, comprehensive training, engineering application, and innovation research. On the one hand, we establish professional laboratories and practice bases, on the other hand, we reform the practical teaching system, and indicate that the curriculum experimental teaching is the basis, the course design and graduation project is the cores, and the off-campus internship is the supplements. The proposed practical teaching system combine the in-class practical teaching with the extracurricular open project training, at the same time, we introduce the students’ scientific and technological competition as the driving force and effect checking tool, encourage students to participate in teachers' scientific research or carry out independent scientific and technological innovation. Implement results show that this multi-level and diversified practical teaching system inspire students' learning interest and cultivate students' innovation ability, which is conducive to improve the quality of talent training.

Study on the Evolvement of Technology Development and Energy Efficiency—A Case Study of the Past 30 Years of Development in Shanghai

Previous research in regional energy efficiency by using macro statistical data has demonstrated that technology development could improve regional energy efficiency. Since the start of reform and opening up in 1978, China has mainly adopted energy import and foreign direct investment to promote economic growth. At the same time, the country has also increased the input of technology and R&D to prompt technological reformation and imported technology absorption. However, there is limited research on the relationship between technology development and energy efficiency. Using the grounded theory method, the authors of this paper study the relationship between technology input-output and energy utilization efficiency in Shanghai over the past 30 years. They conclude that although the tactics of technology import and foreign direct investment can improve energy efficiency in the initial stages of modern industrialization, they cannot improve it continuously. In the more advanced stages of modern industrialization, the improvement of energy efficiency relies not only on increased R&D investment but also on R&D investment structure optimization and independent technological innovation.