Independent Risk Factor For Prostate Cancer Research Articles

The relationship between immune cells and prostate cancer, and the mediating role of metabolites: a Mendelian randomization study

Research has demonstrated the significant involvement of immune cells in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the precise causal relationship between immune cells and PCa remains unclear. This study utilized bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal link between immune cells and PCa. Additionally, employed mediation MR design to ascertain the potential mediating role of metabolites in the connection between immune cells and PCa outcomes. Unswitched memory B cell % lymphocyte and CD24 + CD27 + B cell % lymphocyte were positively related to PCa risk, while CD62L − monocyte absolute count and CD62L − monocyte % monocyte were negatively associated with PCa risk. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to validate these results. The mediation MR results indicate that 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate (CMPF) levels may be an independent risk factor for PCa, while the succinate to acetoacetate ratio (SA ratio) was found to be a mediator for the effect of CD62L − monocyte % monocyte on PCa, with a mediation proportion of 16.6% (mediation percentage: 16.6%, 95%CI − 163% − 196%). The research validates the genetic causality between particular immune cells and PCa, and has emphasized the potential intermediary function of SA ratio. These noteworthy discoveries provide fresh perspectives for the clinical management of PCa.

Clinical-imaging metrics for the diagnosis of prostate cancer in PI-RADS 3 lesions

ObjectiveTo explore the feasibility and efficacy of clinical-imaging metrics in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in prostate imaging-reporting and data system (PI-RADS) category 3 lesions. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on lesions diagnosed as PI-RADS 3. They were categorized into benign, non-csPCa and csPCa groups. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), T2-weighted imaging signal intensity (T2WISI), coefficient of variation of ADC and T2WISI, prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD), ADC density (ADCD), prostate-specific antigen lesion volume density (PSAVD) and ADC lesion volume density (ADCVD) were measured and calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors associated with PCa and csPCa. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and decision curves were utilized to assess the efficacy and net benefit of independent risk factors. ResultsAmong 202 patients, 133 had benign prostate disease, 25 non-csPCa and 44 csPCa. Age, PSA and lesion location showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) among the groups. T2WISI and coefficient of variation of ADC (ADCcv) were independent risk factors for PCa in PI-RADS 3 lesions, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.68. ADC was an independent risk factor for csPCa in PI-RADS 3 lesions, yielding an AUC of 0.65. Decision curve analysis showed net benefit for patients at certain probability thresholds. ConclusionsT2WISI and ADCcv, along with ADC, respectively showed considerable promise in enhancing the diagnosis of PCa and csPCa in PI-RADS 3 lesions.

Unraveling the biological link between diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer: Insights and implications

This article is a comprehensive study based on research on the connection between diabetes mellitus (DM) and prostate cancer (PCa). It investigates the potential role of DM as an independent risk factor for PCa, delving into the biological links, including insulin resistance and hormonal changes. The paper critically analyzes previous studies that have shown varying results and introduces mendelian randomization as a method for establishing causality. It emphasizes the importance of early DM screening and lifestyle modifications in preventing PCa, and proposes future research directions for further under-standing the DM - PCa relationship.

Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Study.

This work aimed to investigate the potential role of abnormal lipid metabolism in the development of prostate cancer (PCa). A retrospective study design was used. The clinical data of 520 patients who underwent rectal prostate biopsy in our hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 were analysed. The patients were enrolled and divided into the anterior PCa group including 112 patients and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) group including 408 patients. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed for the two patient groups, and further comparisons were made according to the Gleason score and TNM staging. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level may be an independent risk factor for PCa, and it was significantly associated with the risk of PCa (odds ratio (OR) = 1.363, p = 0.030). Patients with PCa were further divided into the low risk group and the high risk group according to the Gleason score. Univariate analysis (p = 0.047) and logistic regression analysis (OR = 2.249, p = 0.036) revealed that LDL-C was a significant factor influencing the Gleason score. Patients with PCa were categorised into four groups based on TNM staging. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis (p = 0.015) and ordinal logistic regression analysis (OR = 2.414, p = 0.007) demonstrated that LDL-C was a significant factor influencing TNM staging. This study revealed the important role of LDL-C in the development of PCa, highlighting its influence as an independent risk factor. Thus, LDL-C may promote the proliferation and invasion of PCa cells.

Diabetes mellitus and prostate cancer risk: A mendelian randomization analysis.

Some studies have directed towards an association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and prostate cancer (PCa); however, this specific relationship remains inconclusive. In recent years, Mendelian randomization (MR) has become a widely used analytical method for inferring epidemiological causes. To investigated the potential relationship between DM and PCa using MR. We downloaded relevant data on "diabetes" and "PCa" from the IEU OpenGWAS project database, performed three different methods to conduct MR, and carried out sensitivity analysis for verification. The results indicated that DM was an independent risk factor for PCa. The odds ratio (OR) values obtained using the inverse variance weighted method in this study were as follows: OR = 1.018 (95% confidence interval: 1.004-1.032), P = 0.014. We found that DM could increase the incidence rate of PCa.

Leucine zipper protein 2 serves as a prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer correlating with immune infiltration and epigenetic regulation

BackgroundWe sought to determine whether leucine zipper protein 2 (LUZP2) could benefit men with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing radical radiotherapy (RT) or prostatectomy (RP). MethodsAnalysis was done on differentiating expression, clinical prognosis, co-expressed genes, immune infiltration, and epigenetic changes. All of our analyses were done using the R software (version 3.6.3) and the appropriate packages. ResultsIn terms of PCa, tumor samples expressed LUZP2 more than normal samples did. In the TCGA database and GSE116918, we found that LUZP2 was the only independent risk factor for PCa. The shared enriched pathways for patients undergoing RP or RT were cell-cell adhesion, regulation of filopodium assembly, and extracellular matrix containing collagen. With the exception of TNFRSF14, we discovered that LUZP2 was negatively correlated with 21 immune checkpoints in PCa patients receiving RT. We found a significant inverse relationship between LUZP2 expression and the tumor immune environment, which included B cells, CD4+ T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, stromal score, immune score, and estimate score, in patients receiving RP or RT. Additionally, tumor purity was positively correlated with LUZP2. We found that the drug bortezomib may be susceptible to the LUZP2. DNA methylation was significantly associated with the mRNA expression of LUZP2 in PCa patients from the TCGA database, and LUZP2 methylation was positively correlated with immune cells. The proliferative activity of various PCa cells, which correlated to different stages of this disease, was also found to be significantly reduced by LUZP2 reduction, according to the results of our experimental work. ConclusionsWe proposed a relatively comprehensive understanding of the roles of LUZP2 on PCa from the fresh perspective of senescence.

Frequency of Propionibacterium acnes Infection in Prostate Glands with Negative Biopsy Results Is an Independent Risk Factor for Prostate Cancer in Patients with Increased Serum PSA Titers.

BackgroundPropionibacterium acnes has recently been implicated as a cause of chronic prostatitis and this commensal bacterium may be linked to prostate carcinogenesis. The occurrence of intracellular P. acnes infection in prostate glands and the higher frequency of P. acnes-positive glands in radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with prostate cancer (PCa) than in those from patients without PCa led us to examine whether the P. acnes-positive gland frequency can be used to assess the risk for PCa in patients whose first prostate biopsy, performed due to an increased prostate-specific antigen (PSA) titer, was negative.MethodsWe retrospectively collected the first and last prostate biopsy samples from 44 patients that were diagnosed PCa within 4 years after the first negative biopsy and from 36 control patients with no PCa found in repeated biopsy for at least 3 years after the first biopsy. We evaluated P. acnes-positive gland frequency and P. acnes-positive macrophage number using enzyme-immunohistochemistry with a P. acnes-specific monoclonal antibody (PAL antibody).ResultsThe frequency of P. acnes-positive glands was higher in PCa samples than in control samples in both first biopsy samples and in combined first and last biopsy samples (P < 0.001). A frequency greater than the threshold (18.5 and 17.7, respectively) obtained by each receiver operating characteristic curve was an independent risk factor for PCa (P = 0.003 and 0.001, respectively) with odds ratios (14.8 and 13.9, respectively) higher than those of serum PSA titers of patients just before each biopsy (4.6 and 2.3, respectively). The number of P. acnes-positive macrophages did not differ significantly between PCa and control samples.ConclusionsThese results suggested that the frequency of P. acnes-positive glands in the first negative prostate biopsy performed due to increased PSA titers can be supportive information for urologists in planning repeated biopsy or follow-up strategies.

2279 PROSTATE VOLUME IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR FOR PROSTATE CANCER IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PATIENTS

You have accessJournal of UrologyTransplantation & Vascular Surgery: Renal Transplantation, Vascular Surgery II1 Apr 20122279 PROSTATE VOLUME IS AN INDEPENDENT PREDICTOR FOR PROSTATE CANCER IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PATIENTS Ioannis Antonopoulos, Affonso Piovesan, Hideki Kanashiro, Renato Falci, Fernando Saito, Gustavo Ebaid, and William Nahas Ioannis AntonopoulosIoannis Antonopoulos Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author , Affonso PiovesanAffonso Piovesan Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author , Hideki KanashiroHideki Kanashiro Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author , Renato FalciRenato Falci Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author , Fernando SaitoFernando Saito Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author , Gustavo EbaidGustavo Ebaid Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author , and William NahasWilliam Nahas Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.02.2457AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The number of patients with prostate cancer (PC) following kidney transplant (KTX) has continuously increased in recent times. KTX patients are usually screened using the same methodology for the general population. Immunosuppression has a strong antiinflamatory effect in the prostate and could clear confounding factors like prostatitis in the prostate of KTX men. KTX men could benefit from different PC screening protocols than those used in the general population.To define the role of prostate volume as an independent risk factor for PC in KTX men. METHODS a prospective protocol was established to define if prostate volume could be a risk factor for PC in KTX men between 6/2004 and 6/2006. Immunosuppression was achieved with the triple-drug regimen of cyclosporine, azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. Ultrasound guided transrectal biopsy was indicated whenever PSA>2.5 and/or DRE was abnormal. Prostate volume was studied in both groups to verify if it could be an independent factor in selecting higher risk patients for prostate biopsy indication. The population consisted of 119 men (age 41 to 72, mean=51; PSA 0.2 to 7.3 mean=1.3; 12 cases had abnormal DRE). ROC curves were constructed for total PSA, DRE and prostate volume. RESULTS we found 7 tumors (5.9%). Gleason score varied between 6 and 8 (mean=6,7). Positive DRE findings yielded no significant results in PC diagnosis (Fisher's exact test, p>0.05). ROC curve constructed for prostate volume yielded a significant area under curve (AUC>0.7). The ideal cutoff for prostate volume in KTX men was established as 32.5g. CONCLUSIONS The prostate volume played a significant role possibly because of the strong anti-inflamatory effect of immunnossuppression. The prostate volume>32.5g should be used as a cutoff for biopsy indication when screening for prostate cancer in KTX men. © 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 187Issue 4SApril 2012Page: e919 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2012 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ioannis Antonopoulos Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author Affonso Piovesan Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author Hideki Kanashiro Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author Renato Falci Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author Fernando Saito Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author Gustavo Ebaid Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author William Nahas Sao Paulo, Brazil More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Circulating Sex Hormones Play No Role in the Association between Sexual Activity and the Risk of Prostate Cancer

High sexual activity (SA) has been reported to reduce the risk of prostate cancer (PC). The role of sex hormones (SHs) in this regard remains controversial. To determine the impact of SA and SHs on PC development. In a multicentric hospital-based case-control study, 194 newly diagnosed PC patients along with 317 age-matched controls were studied. Sociodemographic and medical characteristics of participants were recorded. History of vasectomy and sexually transmitted infection (STI), marital status, age at first intercourse, premarital sex, and the current frequency of sexual intercourses per month (SPM) were evaluated. Total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), estradiol (ES), sex hormone binding globulin, and albumin were also measured. Logistic regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for PC. (i) The association between SA, SHs, and the risk of PC; (ii) The correlation between SHs and SA; (iii) The interaction between SHs and SA and established risk factors for PC and erectile dysfunction in determining the risk of PC; and (iv) The correlation between SHs and SA in determining the risk of PC in different decades of life. Vasectomy, STI, and marital status did not differ significantly between two cohorts. Controls reported premarital sex more commonly than cases (P < 0.001). Cases had the first intercourse at older age (P = 0.03) and had less SPM (P < 0.001). TT, FT, and ES were higher in controls (P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, TT, calculated FT, SPM >4, and age at time of marriage <24 were protective against PC. The protective effect of high SA and SHs increased as patients' age increased. High SA as well as TT and FT were protective against PC. Their protective role enhances by each decade of increasing age. The protective effect of high SA was independent from circulating levels of SHs.

Multifocal high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is still a significant risk factor for adencarcinoma

We read with great interest the recent CUA guidelines on prostate biopsy methodology.1 We note that the recommendation regarding high-grade prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) states that “in the current era of extended biopsy schemes, HGPIN is no longer considered a strict indication for repeat biopsy and patients should be followed clinically.”1 Our Canadian research group, set out to specifically address the issue of HGPIN on prostatic needle biopsy (PNB) after 2 large review articles authored by high profile urological pathologists, rendered differing conclusions regarding the significance of HGPIN on PNB.2,3 We used a large Canadian database containing over 12 000 patients undergoing initial PNB and concluded that HGPIN, when multifocal, is a significant risk factor for prostate cancer (PCa) carrying an odds ratio (OR) of 1.38.4 In fact, the risk generally increases with the extent of HGPIN such that increasing cores involved correlates with increasing risk of PCa on follow-up PNB.4 Our initial study, although well-controlled with a benign group and statistically sound, did contain a mixture of prostate sampling protocols, so we recently repeated the study, specifically limiting the analysis to include only extended biopsy protocols yielding 10 or more cores.5 On the repeat study, we again found the same results. Patients with multifocal HGPIN carry a significantly increased risk of detecting PCa on follow-up PNB compared to patients with benign findings on initial PNB.5 Again, there is a general elevation in risk with increasing volume of HGPIN in the initial sample with 1 core showing no increased risk of PCa (OR 0.68) but 2 cores and >2 cores involved by HGPIN showing ORs of 2.57 and 3.61, respectively.5 Our studies show that HGPIN, when multifocal, is still a significant independent risk factor for PCa, even in the current era of extended PNB protocols. While it is a sound recommendation that patients with unifocal HGPIN be followed clinically with PSA and DRE, it is our recommendation and practice that patients with multifocal HGPIN should undergo a repeat biopsy within 1 year even in the absence of PSA or DRE changes. We also suggest that pathologists with expertise in urological pathology be involved in the CUA guideline development and review process, especially when recommendations are being rendered for entities diagnosed solely on the basis of morphological findings.