Independent Journals Research Articles

Tee Square Journal, Phi, Aspect, and Aedicule: The Publications of the Architectural Students Association of Western Australia

ABSTRACT This paper explores four publications produced by the Architectural Students Association of Western Australia (ASAWA), and the shifting intellectual contexts in which they were created. Between 1937 and 1961, the ASAWA published three independent journals, each of which reflected a particular moment of student activity and the ambitions of a distinct, yet related, student group. Tee Square Journal (1937), Phi (1950–1953), and Aedicule (1960–1961), along with a guest edited issue of the national broadsheet Aspect (1952), were part of a suite of student journals that were produced across Australasia but which have so far largely evaded scholarly attention. Through an exploration of these publications, and the context which underpinned their creation, this paper contributes to a growing understanding of student activity in Australasia, particularly as it unfolded before the well-known global ferment of the late 1960s.

Ukrainian Music Criticism of the 2010s: General Situation, Problems, Directions of Development (Based on the Examples From Contemporary Art Music Scene)

"The paper focuses on the 2010s in the history of Ukrainian music criticism. The materials on contemporary art music were chosen to support the authors’ reflections and conclusions. Selection of the time, period and material for the research are conditioned both with the specific social situation of Ukraine and with the recent developments in its music scene. The paper characterizes the main media, most popular critical genres, and methods of critical coverage. It is highlighted that the problems of Ukrainian music criticism during the 2010s were linked to the post-Soviet past and, in general, to the colonial status of Ukrainian culture in the Russian Empire and later in the Soviet Union. Such problems include the absence of independent journals for music criticism, dominance of information genres over reviews, general stable positive evaluation of musical scene activity etc. A few examples illustrate the gradual changing of situation during the 2010s. The authors offer to consider that new period of Ukraine music criticism history began in 2020 when The Claquers, a critical media about art music in Ukraine and abroad aiming to solve the mentioned problems, was established. Keywords: Ukrainian music criticism, contemporary art music, policy of colonialism, review, announcement. "

Collaboration between social science data archives and scientific journals in the development and implementation of data sharing policies

Major commercial scientific journal publishers have already introduced data sharing and citation policies, while independent journals are implementing such changes more slowly. As more and more funders of scientific research require researchers to make their research data as open as possible, all journals will have to adapt to support new ways of scientific communication. Social science data archives in Europe and around the world were established decades ago and have collectively accumulated vast experience in dealing with data, especially data that are sometimes hard to share because of various ethical and legal concerns. Because of this knowledge, they also have a role to play in supporting journal editors and publishers in developing and implementing editorial policies related to data sharing and citation.In this short talk we will present examples of support activities for journals from the Slovenian and Croatian Social Science Data Archive (ADP and CROSSDA, respectively). Both are service providers (SPs) for CESSDA ERIC, a recognised European research infrastructure (RIs) for social sciences.As a coordinator of the project establishing Research Data Alliance (RDA) Node in Slovenia, ADP prepared guidelines for Slovenian journals on implementing editorial policies related to data sharing and data citation (Štebe, Bezjak, Dolinar, 2020). These guidelines are based on internationally renowned practices and policies, particularly the RDA Research Data Policy Framework (Hrynaszkiewicz, I., at. al., 2020) and were adopted by four journals (from fields of archaeology, history, linguistics and social sciences) in a pilot phase (Štebe, Dolinar, Bezjak, Inkret, 2020).Both ADP and CROSSDA are part of the ongoing CESSDA Journals Outreach project, which started in 2020. As part of the project, editors-in-chief of several social science journals were invited to share their views on data sharing and to discuss how data archives can provide support. At the same time, CESSDA SPs answered to a survey whose aim was to explore the capacities of data archives to support journals. In 2021, two events were organised for researchers, journal publishers, and data archives to discuss transparency in social science research and the challenges of sharing data through publications.By now, ADP has helped three Slovenian journals to implement research data policies: Socialno delo, Central European Public Administration Review, and Economic and Business Review. These policies are not mandatory, and so far, no author decided to share their data before publishing the article. The journal Javnost, in turn, has taken a different approach. The guest editor of one supplement issue asked the authors who had passed peer review to share and cite their data before publishing with the support of ADP. All authors agreed to make additional effort and prepare the data, documentation, and metadata, so that their results could be verified, and data reused.In Croatia, one journal, Croatian Sociological Review, introduced its first open science policy, which is partly based on the TOP Guidelines (Nosek at al., 2021) and includes several elements of research transparency, not just data transparency (Vučković Juroš, 2021). Data sharing will not be mandatory, and transparency will be implemented taking into consideration various epistemological assumptions in the humanities and social sciences. The next step is to set up instructions for authors and reviewers to make this policy official, which will be done in cooperation with CROSSDA.

Yansıtma Seviyelerini Konu Alan Çalışmalara Yönelik Betimsel İçerik Analizi

En basit şekliyle deneyimlerden öğrenme olarak tanımlanan yansıtma (reflection) kavramının, öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimlerinin ayrılmaz bir parçası olduğu söylenebilir. Öğretmenlerin ve öğretmen adaylarının ne derece yansıtıcı düşündüklerini ortaya koyan çalışmaların bütünsel olarak ele alınması, öğretmen eğitiminin planlanmasına rehberlik edeceği için önemlidir. Buradan yola çıkılarak, bu çalışma kapsamında ERIC veri tabanında yer alan dergilerde yayımlanmış öğretmen ve öğretmen adaylarının yansıtma seviyelerini konu alan makalelerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, betimsel içerik analizi çerçevesinde yürütülmüş olup ilgili çalışmalar yayın yılı, örneklem grubu, çalışmada kullanılan yansıtma kategorileri, katılımcıların yansıtma seviyeleri ve çalışmalarda sunulan öneriler çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda incelenen çalışmalarda öğretmen veya öğretmen adaylarıyla çalışılmış olması, çalışmaların 2018-2021 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilmiş olması ve ERIC veri tabanında taranmış olması kriterleri dikkate alınmıştır. Veri tabanında “reflection level”, “level of reflection” ve “reflective thinking level” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak taramalar gerçekleştirilmiş ve ilgili 16 makale çalışma kapsamına dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmaların sayısının 2018’den 2021’e kadar artış gösterdiği ve katılımcıların çoğunlukla öğretmen adaylarından oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca yansıtma seviyelerini değerlendirmek için çalışmalarda 10 farklı kategorinin kullanıldığı ve katılımcıların çoğunlukla orta düzeyde yansıtma seviyesine sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Çoğu çalışmada katılımcıların yansıtıcı düşünmeye yönelik eğitim almadıkları ve yansıtıcı yazılarını yazmaları için kendilerine herhangi bir yönlendirici soru verilmediği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmaların önerileri incelendiğinde araştırmacıların, öğretmen yetiştirme programlarında yansıtıcı düşünmeye yönelik uygulamalara daha fazla yer verilmesinin gerekliliğine vurgu yaptıkları belirlenmiştir

The rise and potential fall of some tourism, hospitality and events journals

• In 2021, 316 tourism hospitality and events journals published over 12,500 papers. • About 400 new titles have been launched since 1980, with more than 110 disappearing in the time. • Many journals published independently seem to struggle to generate a sufficient flow of manuscripts to keep the viable. • The future of many independent journals appears bleak.

What Are the Characteristics of Canadian Independent, Scholarly Journals? Results from a Website Analysis

The dominance of commercial publishers (Larivière, Haustein, and Mongeon 2015) has led to a discussion in Canada focusing on alternative models for supporting independent, non-commercial, scholarly journals. Although small in number, these journals represent an important contribution to Canadian and global scholarship. They also act as a counterbalance to the increasingly for-profit nature of scholarly publishing. Despite their importance, there exists no definitive list of journals of this nature in Canada, making analysis and understanding of their characteristics difficult.In order to address this gap, the researchers undertook an analysis of the websites of 485 Canadian, independent, scholarly journals. Independent was defined as journals which are not affiliated with a commercial publisher. The researchers gathered data for each journal on their access type (e.g., closed, open access), subject area, size and composition of the editorial team, and any affiliation(s). This data was then analyzed to create a portrait of these journals with these themes. The researchers found that most of these journals were affiliated with at least one organization, with over half being associated with two or more. They also discovered that affiliations varied depending on the discipline and that the size of the editorial team was correlated to the access type. Journals were predominantly in the humanities and social sciences, and the majority were open access (OA) without article processing charges (APCs).While the focus of this study is on Canadian journals, this article provides a framework for other researchers to examine non-commercial, independent publishing in their own countries. Its results also provide preliminary data which may inspire future avenues of research, particularly into models for non-APC, open access journals as well as the editorial board structure and size for independent journals.

OPTIMETA – Strengthening the Open Access publishing system through open citations and spatiotemporal metadata

The BMBF project OPTIMETA aims to strengthen the Open Access publishing system by connecting open citations and spatiotemporal metadata from open access journals with openly accessible data sources. For this purpose, we will extend Open Journal Systems (OJS) to give it functionalities for collecting and distributing open data by developing two OJS plugins for capturing citation networks and articles' spatial and temporal properties as machine-readable and accessible metadata. We will ensure the target group-orientated design of the plugins by performing a comprehensive needs analysis for key stakeholders: the editors or operators of OA journals and the researchers, as authors and readers of articles. The developments will be designed and tested in cooperation with several independent journals and OA publishers. Overall, OPTIMETA supports the attraction of independent OA journals as publication venues by substantially improving the discoverability and visibility of OA publications through enrichment and interlinking of article metadata.

Obtaining an impact factor: mission impossible for Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica

Next spring, we will celebrate 30 years since the first issue of Acta Dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica et Adriatica (Acta Dermatovenerol APA) was published and, to our astonishment and disappointment, it seems that the goal we have long awaited (and worked hard for)-obtaining an official impact factor (IF)-is nowhere in sight. Every application for an IF has been met with various reasons why our journal does not fulfill the criteria for inclusion in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE). Given the highly non-transparent evaluation process, we conclude that there probably really is no room for small and independent journals in the world of publishing giants and commercial interests. Although disheartened, we will continue our long-established tradition of providing open-access and quality content in dermatology and sexually transmitted infections for researchers and clinicians in the region and worldwide because science should be open and committed to teamwork.

Modeling and Prediction of the Impact Factor of Journals Using Open-Access Databases

This article is motivated by the work as editor-in-chief of the Austrian Journal of Statistics and contains detailed analyses about the impact of the Austrian Journal of Statistics.
 The impact of a journal is typically expressed by journal metrics indicators. One of the important ones, the journal impact factor is calculated from the Web of Science (WoS) database by Clarivate Analytics.
 It is known that newly established journals or journals without membership in big publishers often face difficulties to be included, e.g., in the Science Citation Index (SCI) and thus they do not receive a WoS journal impact factor, as it is the case for example, for the Austrian Journal of Statistics.
 In this study, a novel approach is pursued modeling and predicting the WoS impact factor of journals using open access or partly open-access databases, like Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Scopus. I hypothesize a functional linear dependency between citation counts in these databases and the journal impact factor. These functional relationships enable the development of a model that may allow estimating the impact factor for new, small, and independent journals not listed in SCI. However, only good results could be achieved with robust linear regression and well-chosen models.
 In addition, this study demonstrates that the WoS impact factor of SCI listed journals can be successfully estimated without using the Web of Science database and therefore the dependency of researchers and institutions to this popular database can be minimized. These results suggest that the statistical model developed here can be well applied to predict the WoS impact factor using alternative open-access databases.

Consensus, Civility, and Community: The Origins of Minerva and the Vision of Edward Shils

For over 50 years, Minerva has been one of the leading independent journals in the study of ‘science, learning and policy’. Its pages have much to say about the origins and conduct of the ‘intellectual Cold War’, the defence of academic freedom, the emergence of modernization theory, and pioneering strategies in the social studies of science. This paper revisits Minerva through the life and times of its founding Editor, Edward Shils, and traces his influence on its early years – from its association with the Congress for Cultural Freedom in the 1950s, to the higher reaches of research policy in the 1990s. At the close of his life, Minerva continued to espouse Shils’ commitment to what he saw as the fundamental Enlightenment traditions of consensus, civility, and community. In the 21st century, with the achievements of science producing rapid change in every walk of life, his legacy so far retains an established place in the history of scholarship. Whether that legacy will endure – and if so, what role Minerva will play in its defence – remain key questions for the coming generation.

Meeting physicians' needs: a bottom-up approach for improving the implementation of medical knowledge into practice.

BackgroundMultiple barriers to knowledge translation in medicine have been identified (ranging from information overload to abstraction of models), leading to important implementation gaps. This study aimed at assessing the suggestions of practicing physicians for possible improvements of knowledge translation (KT) effectiveness into clinical practice.MethodsWe used a mixed methods design. French- German- and Italian-speaking general practitioners, psychiatrists, orthopaedic surgeons, cardiologists, and diabetologists practicing in Switzerland were interrogated through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and an online survey.ResultsA total of 985 physicians from three regions of Switzerland participated in the online survey, whereas 39 participated in focus group discussions and 14 in face-to-face interviews. Physicians expressed limitations and difficulties related to KT into their daily practice. Several barriers were identified, including influence and pressure of pharmaceutical companies, non-publication of negative results, mismatch between guidelines and practice, education gaps, and insufficient collaboration between research and practice. Suggestions to overcome barriers were improving education concerning the evaluation of scientific publications, expanding applicability of guidelines, having free and easy access to independent journals, developing collaborations between research and practice, and creating tools to facilitate access to medical information.ConclusionsOur study provides suggestions for improving KT into daily medical practice, matching the views, needs and preferences of practicing physicians. Responding to suggestions for improvements brought up by physicians may lead to better knowledge translation, higher professional satisfaction, and better healthcare outcomes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12961-016-0120-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A longitudinal study of independent scholar-published open access journals.

Open Access (OA) is nowadays increasingly being used as a business model for the publishing of scholarly peer reviewed journals, both by specialized OA publishing companies and major, predominantly subscription-based publishers. However, in the early days of the web OA journals were mainly founded by independent academics, who were dissatisfied with the predominant print and subscription paradigm and wanted to test the opportunities offered by the new medium. There is still an on-going debate about how OA journals should be operated, and the volunteer model used by many such ‘indie’ journals has been proposed as a viable alternative to the model adopted by big professional publishers where publishing activities are funded by authors paying expensive article processing charges (APCs). Our longitudinal quantitative study of 250 ‘indie’ OA journals founded prior to 2002, showed that 51% of these journals were still in operation in 2014 and that the median number of articles published per year had risen from 11 to 18 among the survivors. Of these surviving journals, only 8% had started collecting APCs. A more detailed qualitative case study of five such journals provided insights into how such journals have tried to ensure the continuity and longevity of operations.

Religious morality (and secular humanism) in Western civilization as precursors to medical ethics: A historic perspective.

In discussing bioethics and the formulation of neuroethics, the question has arisen as to whether secular humanism should be the sole philosophical guiding light, to the exclusion of any discussion (or even mention) of religious morality, in professional medical ethics. In addition, the question has arisen as to whether freedom or censorship should be part of medical (and neuroscience) journalism. Should independent medical journals abstain from discussing certain issues, or should only the major medical journals — i.e., the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) or Lancet — be heard, speaking with one “consensual,” authoritative voice? This issue is particularly important in controversial topics impacting medical politics — e.g., public health policy, socio-economics, bioethics, and the so-called redistributive justice in health care. Should all sides be heard when those controversial topics are discussed or only a consensual (monolithic) side? This historical review article discusses those issues and opts for freedom in medical and surgical practice as well as freedom in medical journalism, particularly in opinion pieces such as editorials, commentaries, or letters to the editor, as long as they relate to medicine and, in our special case, to neuroscience and neurosurgery. After answering those questions, and in response to a critical letter to the editor, this review article then expounds comprehensively on the historical and philosophical origins of ethics and religious morality. Necessarily, we discuss the Graeco-Roman legacy and the Judeo-Christian inheritance in the development of ethics and religious morality in Western civilization and their impact on moral conduct in general and on medical and neuroscience ethics in particular.

Hitchhiker's guide to the literature. Journal: Cell.

Well, I've been avoiding the topic, but finally the time has come to talk about impact factors. Before we start, I want you to picture your humble Hitchhiker's Guide to the Literature correspondent. He is sitting in the JPCH editorial offices. If you choose, you may assume that these offices occupy the entire top floor of a waterfront skyscraper. Sweeping Sydney Harbour views, soft leather couches and the dulcet tones of the in-house string quartet all work together to aid the concentration of the journal's staff, in general, and your intrepid reviewer, in particular. Got that mental picture firmly in mind? Stick with me, this is going somewhere, I promise. Well, here at the journal (yes, thank you, I will have another chocolate truffle), as you can easily imagine, we are above such irrelevancies as impact factors. We have other, loftier yardsticks by which we measure ourselves. But sadly, many journals live or die by their impact factors. The higher the impact factor, the greater the prestige. If your impact factor is high, authors will send their best papers to you, desperate to be published in your pages. If it is low, papers will come limping to you, tattered and bleeding, only after rejection by several other journals (no, I had a foot massage earlier, thanks). Publishing the best papers raises your impact factor, publishing poor ones lowers it. This virtuous or vicious cycle (depending on where you stand in the rankings) is a huge force in modern medical publishing, moving advertising dollars and shaping editorial policy. What is the impact factor and how is it calculated? The full answer lies in the realm of the occult (a small glass, perhaps … wait, what year is it? The '94?), but in brief, this is a measure of how many times other authors cite papers published in a journal, divided by the total number of papers published by that journal. If you look at the top 20 journals as listed by impact factor, some interesting patterns emerge. Firstly, fully 10 of the 20 (including the ‘top’ journal, Ca – A Cancer Journal for Clinicians) publish only review articles, consensus statements and the like, which tend to attract more citations than original research. Some of them publish very few papers, making the denominator for calculating the impact factor smaller. Eight of the 20 are Nature journals (not all Nature Reviews journals). That leaves only half a dozen independent journals in that stratospheric realm which publish original research. One of them is Cell. What is it like? I haven't a clue. I tried to read an issue, on your behalf, but I could not understand a word of it. Sample article title: ‘The ATAC acetyltransferase complex coordinates MAP kinases to regulate JNK target genes’ Scientific importance: ***** General interest to paediatricians: *****

Reflections on the Academic and Economic Environment

When we took up the job as editors, we felt the heavy weight of responsibility that comes with being assigned the task of building upon 35 years of brilliant work, and continuing IJURR’s mission. Our sense of responsibility was also heavily gendered. Although women have a place in IJURR’s history, the past three years have been the first time that IJURR has been edited by two women, with the incredible support from an all-women editorial office: Terry McBride, the managing editor who also holds the archival and living memory of the journal, alongside assistant editors, Mel Goodsell and Angela Yeap. These past years have been very rich in experience and knowledge building, and we now want to take stock and reflect on this, and on IJURR’s future direction. Over the last few years, IJURR has become even more international in scope and more ‘successful’ as far as bibliometrics are concerned. With over 500 article submissions annually, we have increased the number of issues from 4 to 6 per year, to provide space for the excellent articles we receive. Although most of IJURR’s readers are familiar with the fact that IJURR is a leading journal in the field, surprisingly few people know that IJURR is also one of the few independent journals in the field. This means that any surplus generated by the intellectual labour of its editors, editorial board members, referees and authors, is actually given back to the academic community. All of IJURR’s surplus profit goes to the Foundation for Urban and Regional Studies (FURS), which acts as a charity to distribute studentships and research grants to young scholars from Group B and C countries, according to the World Bank classification. This way, the intellectual labour of academics generates new possibilities for young scholars. Everyone on the Editorial Board is committed to continue making our labour matter, by keeping the journal independent. As our Advisory Board Member, Harvey Molotch once put it, IJURR is a ‘labour of love’, and we are grateful to the committed authors, referees and editorial board members who support this effort. However, IJURR’s success poses a number of challenges. Apart from the operational and managerial challenges that come with handling a large number of submissions, we are faced with a number of intellectual challenges. IJURR’s intellectual project and aims have always focused on: 1 Enabling the development of ‘concepts and research methods independent of the dominant powers’; 1

Farewell

Back to table of contents Next article HighlightsFull AccessFarewellTo leave is to die a little bit1T. Byram Karasu, M.D.T. Byram KarasuNew YorkSearch for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:30 Apr 2018https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2012.66.4.311AboutSectionsView articleView PDFView EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article“At 77 it is time to be in earnest,”2—Samuel JohnsonThis year I turned 77. In earnest, and cognizant of its meaning, I am stepping down as the Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Psychotherapy (AJP). My decision is a voluntary one since there are no term limits at the Journal. In fact, since its inception in 1947, all my predecessors have died in the saddle, as it were. I want to dismount—gracefully—while I still can.The American Journal of Psychotherapy was originally a publication for the physician-psychoanalyst members of the Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy. Since I took the helm in 1995, the Journal’s reach has expanded, and with its trans-theoretical standing, now represents psychotherapists of all persuasions. To date, AJP still remains the only vehicle for transmitting such a vision.During my tenure, I was privileged to recruit and work with a highly prestigious national and international Editorial Board, comprised of a veritable “Who’s Who” in the field of psychotherapy. Our Board has helped the Journal develop worldwide intellectual cross-fertilization.In 2001 the American Psychiatric Association’s Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research merged with AJP. Its illustrious editors, Drs. Jerald Kay and Allan Tasman, joined Dr. Salvatore Lomonaco as Associate Editors of the American Journal of Psychotherapy, thus enriching the Journal by broadening its scope to include papers on psychotherapy research and empirically driven, evidence-based studies.These are financially difficult times for independent journals, such as ours, that cater to niche markets. The Journal has evolved from being a primarily member-supported publication into one supported by institutional subscribers. Journals that are affiliated with large associations have member dues to maintain their publications. Some other independent journals are heavily subsidized by advertisements or financial supplements from pharmaceutical companies. At AJP we have neither such a captive audience nor do we accept any advertisements. In spite of that, we have survived 65 years.In my last written words as Editor-in-Chief, I would like to express my gratitude to the outstanding members of the Board, the Associate Editors, and the loyal and gifted staff, Tina M. Bonanno, Publication Manager, and Angela Grosso-Toscano, Publication Assistant, for their hard work, devotion and intellectual integrity.I leave AJP with highly competent and enthusiastic new leaders: Bruce J. Schwartz, M.D., as Editor-in-Chief and Scott Wetzler, Ph.D., as Deputy Editor. I am confident that their stewardship will enable AJP to continue its evolution. The ever-mutating standards of health industries, culture, and philosophy will demand that our Journal’s leaders bring a new perspective and take the Journal to new heights.I now become Editor Emeritus and appreciate that my role will be limited to receiving a complimentary copy of the Journal that I will read and enjoy without the typical editorial angst. As I take my leave, I know I will occasionally have complex feelings associated with my fond proprietary attachment to the Journal. In fact, to leave is a little bit of dying; so, I’ll experience my “little death” and mourn my losses. “All things must pass”3 sang George Harrison. Well, the reins have now passed to younger riders. Now it’s time to bid farewell and ponder the not so subliminal meaning behind all those equestrian metaphors.New YorkAlphonse Allais (writer and humorist, 1854-1905), “partir c’est mourir un peu”Samuel Johnson Excerpt from Life of Johnson, Volume 5 Tour to the Hebrides (1773) and Journey into North Wales (1774), accessed from http://quotationsbook.com/quote/1567/George Harrison, song title, released on an album of the same name in 1970 FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited ByNone Volume 66Issue 4 2012, pp. 311–415Pages 311-312 Metrics History Published online 30 April 2018 Published in print 1 October 2012

The Stratified Economics of Open Access

Those involved in scholarly publishing are coming to recognize how open access to this body of work can increase its value and reach. Yet no one economic model of open access prevails. Rather, open access is being achieved through a variety of forms that include author self-archiving, immediate (sponsored) open access, delayed open access, and article-processing-fee open access.  These open access models are each the result of a stratified scholarly publishing market that can be roughly grouped among independent journals, scholarly society publishers, and commercial publishers. Each of these three market segments is experimenting with forms of open access that hold promise for sustaining, if not extending, the segment’s market position. This paper reviews the economics of these open access models, while drawing attention to the consequences of this market stratification for access to knowledge and the sustainability of scholarly publishing as a whole.Artiklen 'The Stratified Economics of Open Access' er skrevet af den drivende kraft bag OJS og hele Public Knowledge Project, John Willinsky.Læs mere om John Willinsky på Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Willinsky  

A Comparison of Citations across Multidisciplinary Psychology Journals: A Case Study of Two Independent Journals

Citation rates and impact factors are often used in an attempt to evaluate the apparent prestige of scholarly journals and the quality of research published by individual scholars. However, the apparent prestige of "top tier" journals may reflect aggressive marketing and advertising efforts as much as scholarship. Some journals have retained their independence from professional organizations and the funding, marketing, and advocacy policies that may be associated with such organizations. While lacking as much visibility as organizational journals and sometimes considered "lower tier," independent journals may be able to provide comparable scientific quality as measured by citation rates. To test this, the citation rates of 169 articles published by a frequently cited scholar were compared across first- and second-tier journals, including many sponsored and marketed by large professional organizations, and to rates for two independent journals combined, Psychological Reports and Perceptual and Motor Skills. Citation rates were higher for first-tier journals but for most comparisons, especially those that controlled for heterogeneity of variance, results did not differ in statistically significant ways among the three tiers of journals, though some nonsignificant trends (p < .15) were found. If citation rates of articles are any indication of scientific quality, tiered classifications of journals appear to be a relatively weak indicator of scientific merit; journals at any tier contain articles that are useful and of good quality.

A COMPARISON OF CITATIONS ACROSS MULTIDISCIPLINARY PSYCHOLOGY JOURNALS: A CASE STUDY OF TWO INDEPENDENT JOURNALS1

Citation rates and impact factors are often used in an attempt to evaluate the apparent prestige of scholarly journals and the quality of research published by individual scholars. However, the apparent prestige of "top tier" journals may reflect aggressive marketing and advertising efforts as much as scholarship. Some journals have retained their independence from professional organizations and the funding, marketing, and advocacy policies that may be associated with such organizations. While lacking as much visibility as organizational journals and sometimes considered "lower tier," independent journals may be able to provide comparable scientific quality as measured by citation rates. To test this, the citation rates of 169 articles published by a frequently cited scholar were compared across first- and second-tier journals, including many sponsored and marketed by large professional organizations, and to rates for two independent journals combined, Psychological Reports and Perceptual and Motor Skills. Citation rates were higher for first-tier journals but for most comparisons, especially those that controlled for heterogeneity of variance, results did not differ in statistically significant ways among the three tiers of journals, though some nonsignificant trends (p < .15) were found. If citation rates of articles are any indication of scientific quality, tiered classifications of journals appear to be a relatively weak indicator of scientific merit; journals at any tier contain articles that are useful and of good quality.

The Stratified Economics of Open Access

There is a growing recognition within the academic community that ‘open access’ to research and scholarship can increase its value and reach. A variety of open access models have developed over the last twenty years, including author self-archiving, immediate (sponsored) open access, delayed open access, and article-processing-fee open access. Yet the economics of open access is being largely determined, at this point, by the interests of a stratified scholarly publishing market that can be roughly divided among independent journals, scholarly society publishers, and commercial publishers. Each of these market segments is experimenting with forms of open access that hold promise for sustaining, if not extending, the segment’s current position. This paper reviews the economics of these open access models, while drawing attention to the consequences of this market stratification for access to knowledge and the sustainability of scholarly publishing as a whole.