Independent Ducts Research Articles

Comparative Study of Cotton Yarn Properties Using Central-Fan and Multi-Fan for Vacuum Generation in Aerodynamic Compact Spinning Systems

Today, aerodynamic compact spinning is the most widely used compact spinning method in which the vacuum (negative pressure airflow) is generated to compact the fibre strands. Different manufacturers use different vacuum generation systems, which can be divided into the following – a central fan system with combined duct and independent duct and a multiple fan system. The information on each system and its impact on yarn properties would be quite attractive for research. This empirical study investigated the properties of yarns manufactured on the aerodynamic compact spinning systems with widely-used different vacuum systems. To preserve neutrality, these systems were referred to as CFS (CDS and IDS) and MFS instead of using their commercial names. It was found that CFS was the most remarkable concerning yarn irregularity (U% and CVm%), imperfection index (IPI), and bundle yarn strength (CSP) in comparison with the MFS. Though the yarn hairiness in MFS was better than in IDS, overall quality parameters were not as comparable to IDS or CDS.

An experimental study on the use of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers (EAHE)

The thermal potential of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers (EAHE) is experimentally investigated for a placement in Viamão, city located in the south of Brazil. Three independent ducts are buried in the soil, ducts A and B are installed at a depth of 1.60m and 0.60m apart, while duct C is installed at a depth of 0.50m. The thermal conditions of one build named Casa Ventura are improved with the EAHE. The temperatures for the soil, external air and in buried ducts in several positions are acquired along one year (2007). The main purpose here is the achievement of the transient behavior of temperature fields for the external air, soil and buried ducts and the best periods of time for employment of device. Results showed that the months of May and February were the best for heating and cooling the air used in Casa Ventura, respectively. Moreover, it was developed a complete database about the transient temperatures of the soil, external air and inside the building.

Anatomical and histological structure of the spermoviduct in the ovoviviparous snail Ruthenica filograna (Pulmonata, Clausiliidae)

The spermoviduct is a multifunctional part of the hermaphroditic reproductive system of stylommatophoran pulmonates. In this study, the anatomical and histological features of the spermoviduct in the ovoviviparous Ruthenica filograna are described for the first time. The spermoviduct is composed of three grooves that are not fully separated: the oviductal channel, autospermiduct, and allospermiduct. The wall of each groove is composed of specific subepithelial glandular cells and non-secretory epithelial cells. The prostatic gland is well developed in the proximal part of the spermoviduct and connected to the autospermiduct. In the distal part, the autospermiduct diverges, forming a free vas deferens, while the rest of the spermoviduct becomes a free oviduct. Initially, the free oviduct still contains the allospermiduct and the oviductal channel. Along the spermoviduct is a small diverticulum, that in the proximal section adheres to the allospermiduct, remaining an independent duct, opening into the bursa copulatrix stalk. The reproductive system of R. filograna is similar to those of semitriaulic Stylommatophora, but the allospermiduct, unlike in Helix species, continues in the distal part of the spermoviduct and in the proximal part of the free oviduct.

Ictericia obstructiva secundaria a tumor de células granulares de la vía biliar extrahepática

Obstuctive jaundice secondary to extrahepatic bile ducts granular cell tumor Bile ducts granular cell tumor is a rare entity. Of neural origin, mostly benign, may, however, present mimicking malignancy. We report a 32 years old female presenting with painless jaundice and extrahepatic bile ducts stenosis confi rmed with MRC. Extrahepatic bile ducts resection is performed. Reconstruction in- volves four independent ducts to a Roux en Y enteric loop. She has a good postoperative outcome, with no

Structural analysis of the venom glands of the armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer (Keyserling, 1891): Microanatomy, fine structure and confocal observations

Spiders belonging to the genus Phoneutria (Perty, 1833), most commonly known as ‘armed’ spiders, are among the most dangerous species in Brazil due to high toxicity of their venom, associated with their habit of invading domestic or specific areas such as banana plantations. The venom of Phoneutria spiders is secreted by a pair of venom glands located inside their cephalothoraxes and connected to the chelicerae by two independent ducts. In the present study, the microanatomy and histological structure of the venom glands of Phoneutria nigriventer (Keyserling, 1891) were examined in detail by histochemical and conventional stains with laser confocal, scanning and transmission electron microscopies. The analysis confirmed the bulbous-shaped organ previously observed by others. The venom glands of P. nigriventer are covered externally by a double layer of striated muscles, which are arranged in a spiral fashion. This disposition of the external muscle fibers might provide the contraction movement of the venom gland to release their contents during a sting aggression. The presence of pore-like openings between the muscle fibers that cover the venom glands of P. nigriventer was considered quite remarkable. The presence of axon-like structures between the muscle fibers seen in the gland surface was also quite remarkable. The secretory epithelium of P. nigriventer invaginates into the gland lumen, contributing to the increase of the secretory surface area and also accommodating a higher number of secretory cells. Our observation of histological sections and SEM showed that the secretory cells in the venom gland of P. nigriventer form complex structures, secretory units, which originate at the base near the muscular layer and that extend into the central area until the gland lumen. Our study also identified a possible holocrine secretory mechanism of P. nigriventer venom gland, at least in the first venom milking, since we were able to see nuclei stained on confocal laser microscopy. However, our observation cannot disregard other possible types of secretory pathways in subsequent milkings, since we found no nuclei in the second and in the third venom secretions.

Two unknown species of Mollusca Gastropoda from the Archipelago Fernando de Noronha (Brazil), with description of a new species belonging to the genus <i>Phidiana Gray</i>, 1850 and a new record of <i>Dendrodoris senegalensis</i> Bouchet, 1975

The Brazilian Archipelago of Fernando de Noronha lies off Cape Sao Roque, State of Rio Grande do Norte, about 195 nautical miles offshore. Only a few faunistic lists of this tropical archipelago have been published, and only four species of Gastropoda Opisthobranchia were cited. In this paper two species of Opisthobranchia Nudibranchia are recorded from this Archipelago. Dendrodoris senegalensis Bouchet 1975, known from Cape Verde and Senegal, amplifies its extension range toward the Western Atlantic. The brazilian specimens differ from the African specimens, in the presence of a completely white branchial tuft. Phidiana riosi sp nov clearly differs from other co-generic species in its colour pattern, having a red ground colour, with numerous white spots scattered on the dorsum. The rhinophores are orange and the cerata white with the cnidosac orange. Internally, this species has jaws with a single row of denticles, and the radular teeth have a central cusp with 7-8 denticles each side. The penis is armed with a black spine and the seminal receptacle connects with two independent ducts, the oviduct and the vaginal duct. Both species are compared with other similar taxa.