Independent Community Research Articles

PENDAMPINGAN PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SOSIAL SEBAGAI SARANA PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI DESA BINAAN DI DESA SEMBAWA KUNINGAN JAWA BARAT

Sembawa Village located in Kuningan, West Java holds one village potential. The condition of road access to a good village becomes interesting if the village community independently wants to manage the potential in the village. Independent community service activities in collaboration with KKN students develop this potential into their thematic programs. The method of application in the form of assistance and external results in the form of Websites and Social Media Accounts is expected that the public will begin to open their eyes to develop this potential. From the results of the assistance evaluation, it is needed for the participation of extension participants, especially the local government, to be able to manage the potential. The team expects this activity to grow their motivation to be selective and active in the media. The intelligent and critical attitude in the growing media makes them village youths become a virus for their friends who have not participated in the promotion. They hope that activities can be carried out sustainably, considering that it is not only education but also entertainment and motivation in building the country by utilizing the potential around them

Increasing use of immunization information systems for routine vaccinations in independent community pharmacies: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundOnly 60% of adults nationwide and just 36.8% of adults in Alabama have immunization data recorded in an Immunization Information System (IIS). The objective of this study, which took place before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, was to evaluate the impact of an IIS training program on pharmacists’ IIS enrollment, participation, awareness, knowledge, intention, and attitudes. MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2019 among Alabama pharmacists (N = 41) practicing in independently owned pharmacies and providing vaccination services but whose pharmacy was not enrolled in Alabama’s IIS (Immunization Patient Registry with Integrated Technology [ImmPRINT]). Intervention pharmacists were offered a 2-hour IIS training program, including an online continuing pharmacy education article, demonstration videos, implementation guide, and informational flyer. Control pharmacies received the informational flyer only. Pharmacy-level outcomes, including enrollment and participation, were obtained from ImmPRINT administrative records. Pharmacist-level outcomes, including awareness, knowledge, intention, and attitudes, were self-reported using baseline, 1-month, and 3-month surveys. Two-way mixed analysis of variance, chi-square, and independent t tests were used to analyze differences in outcomes between and within groups. ResultsEnrollment in ImmPRINT was significantly greater among intervention pharmacists’ pharmacies (P = 0.035). In particular, 59.1% of intervention pharmacies compared with 26.3% of control pharmacies were enrolled in ImmPRINT at 3 months. No statistically significant differences were found between groups in terms of participation in ImmPRINT. Intervention pharmacists’ awareness of IIS was significantly greater than control pharmacists (P = 0.028) at 1 month (postintervention). Furthermore, the IIS training program significantly improved intervention pharmacists’ knowledge (P = 0.030) and attitudes (P = 0.016) toward IIS over 3 months compared with the control group. ConclusionsThis pharmacist-centered training program focused on practical strategies to integrate IIS into pharmacy workflow. Results show that pharmacists’ enrollment, awareness, knowledge, and attitudes significantly improved as a result of this training. As pharmacists become more involved in immunization efforts, particularly in response to COVID-19, awareness of and participation in responsible immunization documentation are critical.

Pediatric oral health: community-based participatory research

BackgroundThe most common chronic disease affecting children in Canada is dental caries. The objective of this study was to explore, identify, and address the strengths and barriers related to oral health services with an independent Indigenous community in Saskatchewan.MethodsCommunity-based participatory research used interviews with Elders, health care providers, teachers, and parents/guardians of elementary school-aged children. The research focused on the development of genuine partnerships with the community. During data collection, the findings/results were returned to the community to establish direction, build success, and establish next steps. Thematic analysis was undertaken with the community. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS.ResultsThe most commonly identified themes included: community resilience; the need for resource development and process to improve oral health literacy and skills; and how access to care barriers dually affected and related to personal and community cost, time, and human resources.ConclusionsThe research process involved the co-creation of tools to identify strengths within the community and drive opportunities for change; subsequently generating solutions to the practical problems and potentially transform the health system accessed by the community.

Empowerment of Kader Kesehatan Jiwa in Overcoming Psychosocial Problems Through Support of Mental Health and Psychosocial Pandemic Covid-19

Bandarharjo, North Semarang District, Central Java Province is a village that already has a Kader Kesehatan Jiwa (KKJ). A total of 56 peoples have been confirmed positive for COVID-19 and require treatment at the hospital because they experience moderate to severe symptoms. Some peoples who were confirmed positive with mild symptoms underwent independent treatment at home, during the pandemic which is still ongoing. Objective of this study was to improve the abilities and skills of Kader Kesehatan Jiwa in promoting mental and psychosocial health, preventing mental health and psychosocial problems, and detecting and recovering mental health and psychosocial problems due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The research program for independent learning policies on independent campuses and community service based on research results and prototype PTS DITJEN DIKTIRISTEK is carried out by empowering Kader Kesehatan Jiwa (KKJ) by providing training and assistance in implementing Mental Health and Psychosocial Support for the COVID-19 pandemic (MHPSS) to Kader Kesehatan Jiwa (KKJ). Results 60 respondents, after being given mental health and psychosocial support for 3 days and assistance for 8 days, their physical health condition increased to 75% which was initially 3.3%. This study uses a descriptive study and observation method, the conditions obtained are mental health conditions from 35% to 55%, mental emotional disorders from 28.4% decreased to 16.7%, hallucinations remained 11.6% and post-traumatic disease syndrome rates decreased from 25% to 16.7%. Conclusion Mental Health and Psychosocial Support reduces the respondent's physical and mental health problems.

Assessing Willingness of Patients with Diabetes to Attend Pharmacist-Led Structured and Patient Specific Diabetes Self-Management Education.

Background: The American Diabetes Association recommends that people with diabetes should participate in diabetes self-management education, however data shows that many patients do not attend educational classes. Objectives: To examine the views of patients with diabetes who utilize services at an independent pharmacy in Richmond, Virginia regarding their (1) interest in attending diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) services, (2) perceptions of a pharmacist leading DSMES services, (3) willingness to pay for DSMES services, and (4) relationship between self-reported diabetes management status with their willingness to attend DSMES services. Methods: A qualitative survey was administered over five months to patients with diabetes at an independent community pharmacy in Richmond, VA. The survey included 35 questions in a mixed format of Likert scale, dichotomous, and fill in the blank. Survey data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and/or multivariate analysis using SAS 9.4. Results: Twenty seven surveys were completed, 15% response rate. Patients were female (56.7%) with an average age of 69 ± 10.8 years. Caucasian race accounted for 90% of patients, 6.7% reported Black or African American, the remainder responded "other". Patients agreed they were interested in attending individual virtual and in person DSMES sessions with a rate of 52% and 87%, respectively. When asked about the full service of 9 group sessions, 33% responded disagree and 30% reported agree. 52% of patients reported belief that pharmacists had the knowledge to lead sessions. When asked about willingness to pay, patients mostly selected the lowest cost option ($25 - $35). Conclusion: Patients with diabetes are willing to participate in DSMES services and believe pharmacists can lead the sessions. It is important to continue to advocate for DSMES services so patients can understand the full benefits of the program and receive the best possible care.

COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT THROUGH THE MANUFACTURING OF LOCAL MICROORGANISMS FROM BANANA COMB WASTE AS A DECOMPOSER FOR PRODUCING LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZERS

This Community Service Program aims to empower the community through the utilization of banana weevil waste in Matang Panyang Village, East Langsa. Based on the analysis of the situation in the village, there are many banana plants, both on vacant land and in resident’s house. The nature of the banana tree that only lasts for one harvest and then will be cut for plant the new one will of course be a problem for surrounding environment because so far the banana weevil has only been thrown away and cannot be used, so that it only becomes as a waste. This condition became the basis for the this program to carry out community service to utilize banana weevil waste to produce the liquid organic fertilizer. The partner in this program is resident of Desa Matang Panyang, who will be trained in making local microorganism from banana weevil waste as decomposers of liquid organic fertilizer.This program will be carried out in several stages: preparation, socialization, field practice, and monitoring. This program is expected to produce a productive and independent community as an effort to empower the community by utilizing surrounding waste. The expected output of this program is the existence of an independent community effort in innovating the use of banana weevil waste as a decomposer for making liquid organic fertilizer which can be used directly in improving the quality of the community's agriculture.

ANALISIS PRINSIP-PRINSIP SYARIAH KINERJA KEUANGAN UNIT PENGELOLA KEGIATAN DANA AMANAH PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DI KECAMATAN TENJOLAYA, KABUPATEN BOGOR

Abstract
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 The Activity Management Unit of the Community Empowerment Trust Fund Association (UPK Perkumpulan DAPM) Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency should not be separated from sharia principles other than of course its operation is based on the principles of the Operational Technical Guidelines for the National Program for Independent Rural Community Empowerment (PTO PNPM MPd). However, the application and implementation of sharia principles in the performance of the UPK DAPM Association, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency has not been confirmed. This is because the main guideline is PTO PNPM MPd. Therefore, it is important to analyze the sharia principles of the financial performance of the UPK DAPM, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency. This study uses qualitative research methods, with the technical data analysis used is descriptive qualitative data analysis. The qualitative description in this case is that after all the data has been collected, it is analyzed and explained in more detail and systematically. Thus, it can be described thoroughly, understood, analyzed and given conclusions and suggestions. The results of this study stated that the financial performance of the UPK DAPM Association, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency, according to the results of the examination by the Supervisory Board of the DAPM Association UPK was still performing well and its finances were in good health. Based on the results of the analysis, the financial performance of the UPK DAPM Association, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency, is sufficient to meet the elements of sharia principles such as the principle of monotheism, the principle of justice, the principle of responsibility, the principle of virtue, honesty and truth, the principle of willingness, the principle of expediency, the principle of free will, the principle of permissibility, and the principle of prohibiting usury.
 Keywords: Shariah Principles, Financing Performance.

COVID-19 pandemic vaccination preparedness strategies for independent community pharmacies

ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine independent community pharmacist preparedness for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and to identify strategies for COVID-19 pandemic vaccination implementation in Pennsylvania. MethodsThis study used a complementary mixed-methods approach to recruit independent community pharmacists to participate in an electronic survey and 2 virtually conducted focus groups before the availability of the first COVID-19 vaccine. Information was gathered and compiled into 5 topic areas: (1) workflow, (2) resources, (3) staff and patient safety, (4) communication, and (5) documentation and training. Data collection occurred between October and December 2020. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Focus group discussions were audiorecorded and transcribed. A directed, content analysis was conducted to identify strategies for each topic area, and supporting quotes were selected. ResultsA total of 88 and 11 independent community pharmacists participated in the survey and focus groups, respectively. Because of the small size of most independent pharmacies, participants recommended working with community partners to support off-site mass vaccination clinics. Leveraging partnerships with community organizations and universities could be used to support staffing for vaccination efforts. Using an appointment-based immunization model was identified as one tool to optimize patient and staff safety during the pandemic. Pharmacists suggested using existing scheduling tools and text messaging and automated phone calls for second-dose reminders. Finally, independent pharmacists recommended further training and process improvements to support vaccine documentation and transmission to the Pennsylvania Statewide Immunization Information System. ConclusionRecommendations from this study were used to support planning and preparation for COVID-19 vaccinations across Pennsylvania. Incorporation of pharmacists’ ideas and recommendations on pandemic vaccination implementation is an important strategy to efficiently expand vaccination administration during pandemics.

Increasing Literature And Sharia Financial Management Through The One BMT Housing Area Program In Banguntapan District Bantul In Yogyakarta

The target of this PKM program is economically productive communities, namely people in housing in Banguntapan sub-district who have just established BMT covering aspects of marketing/socialization and management and accounting information systems (small businesses). The aim of the program is to develop an economically independent community with high literacy on syar'i transactions. Business partners in this program are BMTs that have just been established with a residential mosque base, namely BMT Sakinah, BMT Al-Anbiya and BMT Al-Huda. The problems faced by the three partners are: 1) Lack of competence and management in managing BMT, 2) Lack of legality, 3) Lack of Islamic financial literacy, so that BMT members still do not understand the function of BMT. As for the method of devotionare general lectures, short courses, tutorials and simulations. Materials that are focused on include the management and members of BMT: 1) Socialization of Transaction Contract applications legalized by the National Sharia Board, 2) Consolidating the understanding and application of Management Information Systems and Accounting Information Systems for BMT, for approximately eight months. The result of this dedicationis special assistance and provides BMT financial system software so that the BMT, BMT Sakinah (Puri Sakinah 2 Housing), BMT Al-Anbiya (Pesona Banguntapan Kotagede Housing) and BMT Al-Huda (Graha Banguntapan Housing) can manage accountably, professional and transparent. This program is expected to be able to facilitate the development of partner businesses so that they are able to provide a multiplier effect for housing-based BMTs and other newly established mosques.

Tending the nurseries of democracy: Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L. and the future of student speech rights

ABSTRACT In Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L. (2021), the Supreme Court held a public school could not discipline a student for posting offensive snaps about her cheer team on social media. In an 8-to-1 decision siding with the student, the Justices reaffirmed Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969), a landmark decision by the Warren Court that extended speech rights to public school students. The majority in Mahanoy was, however, unwilling to “set forth a broad, highly general First Amendment rule stating just what counts as ‘off-campus’ speech and whether First Amendment standards must give way off-campus to the school’s desire to prevent … disruption of learning-related activities.” Instead, Justice Breyer offered a narrow opinion confined to the facts of the case that provides little practical guidance to students, school officials, and lower courts dealing with thorny issues related to off-campus speech. Further compounding matters, the “three features of off-campus speech” identified in his majority opinion will likely lead to more restrictions governing what students may say on their own time and using their own equipment.

Escolas, territórios e afirmação cultural em periferias urbanas no Sul do Brasil

Abstract This article analyzes the contemporary relationship established between schools and territories based on the experiences of school actors working in urban peripheries in the south of Brazil. Founded on the conceptual category of “urban-educational experiences” inspired by the sociology of experience, the study examines and problematizes the political views and sociocultural logics that are present in the pedagogical action of teachers who teach in primary education in schools located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. From the methodological viewpoint, data were built from interviews with 66 selected school actors and were complemented with the analysis of institutional documents. As for results, three analytical perspectives were identified: (a) schools as territories of cultural affirmation through pedagogical actions developed by teachers teaching in the early grades of primary education, who mobilize learning about the history and geography of municipal territories, considering urban contexts marked by inequalities, migration and intercultural encounters; (b) schools as active agents in processes of recognition of cultural heritage, particularly in urban contexts where there is no official heritage listing, registration or other similar governmental procedure; and (c) the school’s permeability to cultural practices developed by independent collectives and community associations dedicated to the political-cultural education of students in urban peripheries.

Between Bureaucratic Tradition and Professional Discourse: Turkey and the Case of SİSAG, 1969–77

ABSTRACTThe history of twentieth-century architecture in Turkey can be presented as a conflict between a powerful state bureaucracy and an independent architectural community: the former producing most of the buildings and infrastructure but with little verbalisation; the latter producing most of the discourse but building relatively little. This article examines a case that challenges this dichotomy. It focuses on the architectural department of SİSAG (1969–77), a company associated with Hacettepe University in Ankara, and the organisational, institutional and occupational modes and practices that it employed. The article explores both the architectural production of SİSAG and its role as the setting for the first white-collar strike in Turkey, and it unearths the intellectual and institutional discourse on the organisation of architectural production that surfaced with this confrontation. The article shows how, in the relationship between bureaucratic tradition and professional discourse, SİSAG took an ‘in-between’ position, its architects seeking to replace conflict with cooperation, and to reconcile ideas of public service, public interest and social engagement on the one hand with disciplinary knowledge, planning and design and independent research on the other.

National Program for Independent Rural Community Empowerment (PNPM-MP) in Realizing Welfare in Kenten Laut Village, Talang Kelapa District, Banyuasin Regency

Community empowerment is an effort to increase the dignity of the community layer out of the trap of poverty and underdevelopment so that the government programs assistance intended for the poor, one of which is the National Program for Independent Rural Community Empowerment (PNPM-MP). The research method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the National Program for Independent Rural Community Empowerment (PNPM-MP) in Kenten Laut Village, Talang Kelapa District, Banyuasin Regency has been carried out well, especially with regard to the implementation of infrastructure development.

Pengawasan Partisipatif Bawaslu Kendal Terhadap Pilkada di Kabupaten Kendal Tahun 2020 Perspektif Maqāşid Asy-Syarīʻah

Participatory supervision is an initiative activity outside the supervisory agency to ensure the stages of the general election run by collecting data, information, and making an inventory of the results of cases relating to the holding of general elections and/or regional head elections conducted by independent and non-governmental groups or community organizations. partisan. This concept seems to contain efforts to realize the value of community sovereignty. Where this process becomes the basic foundation of democratic practice. The concept of Islamic law has offered such protection efforts which are then packaged in the concept of Fiqh Siyasah. This continues to be developed in the Maqāṣid ash-Syarīʻah theory. The value of benefit is the point of study of Maqāṣid ash-Syarīʻah. Benefits and/or sovereignty need to be implemented in the practice of holding simultaneous regional head elections in 2020. Basically, the practice of holding regional head elections is the implementation of maintaining community sovereignty. This research is a qualitative research with a sociological juridical approach to be further presented as analytical descriptive data. This research took place at the Bawaslu of Kendal Regency. This study aims to determine the practice of participatory supervision of simultaneous regional head elections in 2020 and the practice of analyzing Maqāṣid ash-Syarīʻah as a theory of implementing the value of the benefit of participatory supervision carried out in the election of regents and deputy regents of Kendal district for the 2020-2024 period.

Use of value stream mapping to improve the medication synchronization process

BackgroundLean methodology, specifically value stream mapping, can be used to identify and reduce inefficiencies in the medication synchronization process. ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate potential medication synchronization process improvements to reduce nonvalue-added actions, (2) assess fidelity to the medication synchronization core components, and (3) identify the best process for medication synchronization for an independent community pharmacy with multiple locations. MethodsThis study used an observational, cross-sectional design. A value stream map was created to provide a detailed illustration of each step in the medication synchronization process. Time for each step of the medication synchronization process was observed on site on different days and times as well as the time required to process, package, and verify prescription medications. These steps were conducted before interventions were made to the process and after to compare the difference. The organizational readiness for change tool was administered to employees of the independent pharmacy before interventions to determine their perspective of the medication synchronization process and assess their readiness for change. ResultsOwing to various interventions made to the medication synchronization process, 2 steps in the process were eliminated. This resulted in a decrease in adherence packaging time workflow by 69.4%. Staff (n = 9) rated the medication synchronization process on 4 components: acceptability of the current process (13.8 ± 3.6), intervention appropriateness (13.7 ± 3.7), feasibility of a new medication synchronization process (17.1 ± 2.3), and organizational level of support (21.8 ± 4.1). ConclusionValue stream mapping proved to be a valuable tool in identifying inefficiencies in the medication synchronization process and reducing nonvalue-added waste. The result was a decrease in time required for adherence packaging workflow and a more standardized medication synchronization process across multiple independent pharmacy locations. This more standardized process can play a key role in improving the continuity of patient care, increasing medication adherence, and in turn decreasing the number of hospital admissions.

Status shields and pharmacy work: Differences among workers by role and context

Status and workplace context directly affect employee experiences at work. This study looks at an understudied essential health professional group: pharmacy workers. Using survey data from 298 pharmacy workers in the United States we test how status, status shields, and work context relate to perceptions of one's work. Specifically, we investigate how pharmacy roles (i.e., pharmacy technicians, pharmacists, and PharmD students) and pharmacy context (i.e., independent community, retail chain, and hospital care) affect feelings about work. Following research on status shields at work and the job characteristics model, we pose hypotheses about meaning in work, impact at work, as well as job satisfaction, and intent to quit. This study uses a conceptualization of status shields as both part of the pharmacy hierarchy and associated with work contexts. Further, testing the assumptions of the job characteristics model using varied work roles and contexts offers additional evidence the model's value. We offer implications for health and organizational social science across disciplines, as well as practical implications for scholars and practitioners.

A social media microinfluencer intervention to reduce coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine hesitancy in underserved Tennessee communities: A protocol paper

BackgroundCentral to effective public health policy and practice is the trust between the population served and the governmental body leading health efforts, but that trust has eroded in the years preceding the pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy among adults is also a growing concern across the United States. Recent data suggest that the trustworthiness of information about the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine was a larger concern than the vaccine’s adverse effects or risks. ObjectiveThis study aims to describe the methods used to create a public health microinfluencer social media vaccine confidence campaign for the COVID-19 vaccine in underserved Tennessee communities. A secondary objective is to describe how the Social-Ecological Model (SEM) and Social Cognitive Theory may address vaccine hesitancy using community pharmacies. MethodsIn late 2020, 50 independent community pharmacies in underserved communities across Tennessee were involved in a public health project with the State of Tennessee Department of Health and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Pharmacy. The project involved a 3-pronged, pharmacy-based COVID-19 vaccination outreach project, including (1) social media messaging (i.e., microinfluencer approach), (2) community partner collaboration, and (3) in-pharmacy promotion. Quantitative and qualitative data will assess the quality and effectiveness of the program. Social media outcomes will also be assessed to measure the impact of the microinfluencer social media training. ResultsProject implementation is planned for 6 months (January 2021 to June 2021) after an initial month of planning by the research team (December 2020) and preceding several months of assessment (July 2021 and beyond). ConclusionsNovel, theory-based approaches will be necessary to improve vaccine confidence. One approach to promoting public health, derived from the SEM, may be to use trusted microinfluencers on social media platforms, such as local community pharmacists and community leaders.

Factors associated with mobility decrease leading to disability: a cross-sectional nationwide study in Japan, with results from 8681 adults aged 20-89\u2009years

BackgroundMobility decrease leading to disability can gradually develop during early life, however, its related factors are not well clarified. Therefore, we investigate the related factors of mobility decrease at various levels, using nationwide data in Japan.MethodsIn total, 8681 independent community dwellers aged 20-89 years were analysed (average age, 51.6 years; 58.5% women). Three stages of mobility decrease were based on the locomotive syndrome risk test: Stage 1, emerging; Stage 2, progressing; Stage 3, progressed to restrict social engagement. Age was analysed using a simple quadratic function model.ResultsThe prevalence of Stages 1-3 was 31.6% (n = 2746), 5.8% (n = 504), and 3.2% (n = 278), respectively. On the multivariable logistic regression, increased age in participants aged ≥40 years (stage 1: odds ratio[OR] 1.05-1.20, stage 2: OR 1.04-1.22, stage 3: OR 1.05-1.22), female (stage 1: OR 2.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.99-2.61, stage 2: OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.77-3.25, stage 3: OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.19-2.72), overweight status (stage 1: OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.34-1.82, stage 2: OR 3.19, 95% CI 2.38-4.27, stage 3: OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.90-4.32), hypertension (stage 1: OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.41, stage 2: OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.49-2.64, stage 3: OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.44-3.05), and diabetes mellitus (stage 1: OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.17-2.24, stage 2: OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.93-2.66, stage 3: OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.13-3.90) were positively associated. The frequency of physical activity/sports, even a few per month, was inversely associated with all stages (stage 1: OR 0.59-0.72, stage 2: OR 0.50-0.67, stage 3: 0.36-0.53). A one-year increase in age had a stronger impact on mobility decrease in older adults than in younger ones. Increased age in participants aged < 40 years and smoking were associated with Stage 1, while intake of various foods was inversely associated with Stages 1 and 2.ConclusionIncreased age (< 40 years) was associated with emerging mobility decrease, while that (≥ 40 years) was associated with any levels of mobility decrease. Female, lifestyle habits, including physical activities and overweight status, were associated with mobility decrease at every level.

184 ‘THROUGH THE LENS OF A CAMERA’—USING PHOTOVOICE TO EXPLORE OLDER ADULTS PERCEPTIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF COMMUNITY AMBULATION

Abstract Background The ability of an older adult to walk independently outdoors in their community assists with maintaining independence, a healthy lifestyle and a good quality of life. The study qualitatively explored older persons’ perceptions and experiences of the variables associated with their ability to walk outdoors in their community, through the use of photographs and discussion. Methods This qualitative study employed Photovoice Methodology (Wang and Burris, 1997). Inclusion criteria were community dwelling older adults over 65 years old, attending a day hospital, able to ambulate at least 10 metres with/without an assistive device and no visual or fine motor limitations that would preclude using a camera. Participants attended an information session and received and practiced with a single use camera. Over one week they took photographs of perceived barriers or facilitators to community ambulation. The developed photographs formed the basis for focus group discussions. Focus groups were recorded; transcribed and thematic analysis was used to identify key themes. Results Eight participants, mean age of 78.8 years completed the Photovoice substudy. Five of the participants were female and six lived alone. One participant had experienced a fall in the past six months. Three key themes were identified; personal, environmental and strategic factors, all associated with an older adults’ ability to ambulate in the community. Each of these themes had a number of subthemes highlighting barriers and facilitators to community ambulation in this population. Conclusion This novel study design was well received. It provided real life experiences, insights and rich valuable data that may not be captured by other means. The findings demonstrate the multifactorial nature of independent community ambulation, both the personal and environmental factors associated with independent community ambulation in older adults. Physiotherapists should adopt a broader, holistic approach to the assessment and treatment of older adults, to promote the achievement of independent community ambulation.

Veterinary prescription errors in a community pharmacy setting: A retrospective review

BackgroundCommunity pharmacies are poised to see more veterinary prescriptions as a result of increased pet ownership especially during the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic. Concern has been raised about the lack of veterinary pharmacy training that community pharmacists receive, but no studies have evaluated the actual prevalence of errors in veterinary prescriptions including the prevalence of prescription writing errors. ObjectivesThis study identifies the prevalence of errors in veterinary prescriptions at independent community pharmacies. MethodsAn electronic form was used to ensure required information was pulled from the pharmacy software systems in a consistent manner. Information was pulled from the hard copy image and the prescription label corresponding to that fill. Prescribing trends, such as species and errors, were assessed using descriptive statistics for the overall sample. Error comparisons between written and verbal prescriptions and between weight-based and nonweight-based prescriptions were assessed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. ResultsWeight, although not legally required but clinically necessary for evaluation of veterinary prescriptions, was omitted from 97.8% of prescriptions. When evaluating the prevalence of errors between handwritten and verbal prescriptions, it was more likely to see errors in prescriptions handwritten by the veterinarian (105 of 119; 88%) than verbal prescriptions (257 of 389; 66%). Conversely, handwritten prescriptions were less likely to omit the required Drug Enforcement Agency number on controlled substance prescriptions. ConclusionBased on the number of errors seen in both handwritten and verbal prescriptions, emphasis should be placed on training pharmacists to be competent in clinically evaluating veterinary prescriptions and training veterinarians on handwriting prescriptions to include both legally and clinically required information needed before dispensing.