Independent Collectors Research Articles

Machine-learning and water energy harvesting based wireless water consumption sensing system in buildings

In recent years, smart wireless remote water meters have become popular, but this kind of smart water meter needs an external power supply, and every 100 to 200 installed this type of water meter, needs to set up an independent collector. This kind of water meter is expensive, and the external power supply will increase the energy consumption of the building, which is not conducive to the circuit safety of the old community. In order to reduce the burden of manual meter reading and reduce the building's "carbon emissions". A wireless water consumption sensing system for buildings based on machine learning and water energy collection is designed. Images are collected and recognized by visual sensors to realize the visual reading of water meter data. The system is powered by a 12V micro water generator and transferred to lithium battery energy storage to realize the self-energy supply of the whole system. The lightweight YOLOv5 was used to implement the model training process. Then, on the premise of the small sample data set, the data set was expanded by a data enhancement method which randomly changed the image brightness and hue. Finally, the training model is deployed on MCU through the TensorFlow Lite framework to realize edge AI detection. Experiments show that the size of the lightweight YOLOv5 is reduced by 87.1% and the mAP reaches 92.3%. The system can complete the water meter wireless meter reading and realize the system self-power stably. In addition, the system can be expanded for other meter reading tasks based on visual features.

Pelatihan Teknik Pengecoran Aluminium Bagi Usaha Pengepul Barang Bekas Di Kecamatan Poasia Kota Kendari

Handling of used aluminum has been carried out by collectors, namely the compression process. The pressing process is less economical because it still produces cavities and the selling price is low. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide training on Aluminum smelting with casting techniques for two groups of independent collectors, Mandiri Berkah and Maju Jaya. The activity took place in the Mandiri Berkah collector area which was attended by Mandiri Berkah and Maju Jaya employees and the community around Poasia. The method of implementing the activity is a theoretical explanation of Aluminum and its processing method with casting techniques. Used aluminum cans are melted in a charcoal-fired crucible furnace. The used aluminum cans are put in the kowi which is placed in a hot furnace. After the cans are melted, they are poured into rectangular molds. The results of the service activities that resulted were the opening of knowledge insights related to used aluminum. Participants were able to recycle Aluminum by casting technique into ingot products.Keywords: Training, foundry, aluminum, collectors

Archive Filmaria

Abstract This essay examines the missing national film archive of Pakistan against the politics of competing cultural memory. Sharing a common past yet existing in the shadows of the Indian film industry, cinema in Pakistan found itself in an unusual predicament after decolonization and Partition. While filmmaking was expected to carry the imprint of national difference, the intercultural context of colonial India bequeathed the industry its traditions and personnel. Yet when the British Film Institute repatriated colonial Indian films in the mid-1960s, the holdings went entirely to India. The lack of a public film repository denied Pakistan not only its colonial heritage but also the systematic preservation of its postcolonial film culture. In the absence of a state archive, what has emerged in the country is a democratic archive consisting of independent collectors, magazine proprietors, and avid users. Using a term extracted from one of the archives, filmaria (film fever), Siddique reads in the popular film archives the contagious circumstances of intercultural cinema. It alerts us to a film contagion widespread in the subcontinental publics that thrives on filmgoing, cinematic resemblance, and embodied cultural memory, a condition caused by the displacements of Partition and the creation of national difference.

A Study of Formal Post-products Collected to Reuse Business Structures on Resource Sustainability through System Dynamics

Proper handling of post-products is of great importance for both economic and environmental considerations. In China, led by the prosperous of diversified consumption levels and increased total requirements for mobile phones, “collected to reuse” business showed high potential to grow. From economic prospect of view, reused mobile phones are benefited from cost-effectiveness. And, it is urgent to formalize the collection and reuse activities to avoid the environmental pollution and sanitary risks caused by informal treatment of end of life phones. In this research, two basic types of “collected to reuse” mobile phone business are analyzed through system dynamics (SD). The SD is used to reveal and compare the dynamic behavior of the two business types and their relevant influences on reuse. As a result, the authors find that “collected to reuse” business dominated by independent collectors outperforms the one conducted by manufactures in terms of resource sustainability.

The impact of immobile zones on the transport and retention of nanoparticles in porous media

AbstractNanoparticle transport and retention within porous media is treated by conceptualizing the porous media as a series of independent collectors (e.g., Colloid Filtration Theory). This conceptualization assumes that flow phenomena near grain‐grain contacts, such as immobile zones (areas of low flow), exert a negligible influence on nanoparticle transport and assumes that retention and release of particles depends only on surface chemistry. This study investigated the impact of immobile zones on nanoparticle transport and retention by employing synchrotron X‐ray computed microtomography (SXCMT) to examine pore‐scale silver nanoparticle distributions during transport through three sand columns: uniform iron oxide, uniform quartz, and well‐graded quartz. Extended tailing was observed during the elution phase of all experiments suggesting that hydraulic retention in immobile zones, not detachment from grains, was the source of tailing. A numerical simulation of fluid flow through an SXCMT data set predicted the presence of immobile zones near grain‐grain contacts. SXCMT‐determined silver nanoparticle concentrations observed that significantly lower nanoparticle concentrations existed near grain‐grain contacts throughout the duration of all experiments. In addition, the SXCMT‐determined pore‐scale concentration gradients were found to be independent of surface chemistry and grain size distribution, suggesting that immobile zones limit the diffusive transport of nanoparticles toward the collectors. These results suggest that the well‐known overprediction of nanoparticle retention by traditional CFT may be due to ignoring the influences of grain‐grain contacts and immobile zones. As such, accurate prediction of nanoparticle transport requires consideration of immobile zones and their influence on both hydraulic and surface retention.

Characterisation of the HDRF (as a proxy for BRDF) of snow surfaces at Dome C, Antarctica, for the inter-calibration and inter-comparison of satellite optical data

Measurements of the Hemispherical Directional Reflectance Factor (HDRF) of snow surfaces were performed at Dome C, Antarctica, during the Australis Summer 2011–2012 to support the inter-comparison and inter-calibration of satellite optical sensors. HDRF data were collected with the Gonio Radiometric Spectrometer System (GRASS) which performs hyper-spectral measurements of radiance from the same target surface with independent collectors at a number of viewing and azimuth angles in the 0–60° and 0–360° angular ranges, respectively. The radiance collectors, installed on a hemispheric frame and connected to a spectrometer through fibre optics, have an 8° full cone of acceptance and a viewing footprint varying from 0.049m2 at nadir to 0.142m2 at viewing angles of 60°. These relatively small footprints allow for the characterisation of small-scale heterogeneities in the HDRF of observed surfaces. HDRF measurements representative of the Dome C snow surfaces were made at eight different sites along a transect approximately 100m long. All the sites exhibit similar HDRF distributions with inter-site differences explained by small-scale inhomogeneities of the surface. The measured HDRF display marked forward scattering with anisotropy increasing with wavelength in the 400–1600nm spectral region. These data complement those from previous measurements performed in the same area with a different technique. Agreement between the two data sets is shown by differences generally lower than 4% between HDRF distributions derived from a previous study and the spatially averaged HDRF from the various sites along a transect presented in this work.

Forecasting return products in an integrated forward/reverse supply chain utilizing an ANFIS

Abstract Interests in Closed-Loop Supply Chain (CLSC) issues are growing day by day within the academia, companies, and customers. Many papers discuss profitability or cost reduction impacts of remanufacturing, but a very important point is almost missing. Indeed, there is no guarantee about the amounts of return products even if we know a lot about demands of first products. This uncertainty is due to reasons such as companies’ capabilities in collecting End-of-Life (EOL) products, customers’ interests in returning (and current incentives), and other independent collectors. The aim of this paper is to deal with the important gap of the uncertainties of return products. Therefore, we discuss the forecasting method of return products which have their own open-loop supply chain. We develop an integrated two-phase methodology to cope with the closed-loop supply chain design and planning problem. In the first phase, an Adaptive Network Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is presented to handle the uncertainties of the amounts of return product and to determine the forecasted return rates. In the second phase, and based on the results of the first one, the proposed multi-echelon, multi-product, multi-period, closed-loop supply chain network is optimized. The second-phase optimization is undertaken based on using general exact solvers in order to achieve the global optimum. Finally, the performance of the proposed forecasting method is evaluated in 25 periods using a numerical example, which contains a pattern in the returning of products. The results reveal acceptable performance of the proposed two-phase optimization method. Based on them, such forecasting approaches can be applied to real-case CLSC problems in order to achieve more reliable design and planning of the network

BMW art guide by independent collectors: the first global guide to private and publicly accessible collections of contemporary art

The BMW Art Guide by Independent Collectors presents more than 160 private collections of contemporary art that are open to the public-both large and small, prominent and little known. Succinct portraits of the collections and numerous color illustrations take the reader to over thirty countries, often to out-of-the-way regions or urban districts. This practical guide is the first publication to be coproduced by BMW and the Independent Collectors, the international online network for collectors of contemporary art. Collectors, dealers, artists, and journalists contributed to the extensive research required for the compilation of this new standard work. A comparable list of international private collections has never before been assembled, either in book form or on the Internet, and some of these collections are opening their doors for the first time to art lovers and experts. Collections featured (selection): Museum of Old and New Art (MONA), White Rabbit - Contemporary Chinese Art Collection, Lyon Housemuseum, Essl Museum - Kunst der Gegenwart, Museum Liaunig

‘Art in Progress’: the woman collector Ingvild Goetz in Munich

Since the nineteenth century, American women have distinguished themselves not only as art collectors, but also as the founders of museums. Isabella Stewart Gardner (1840–1924) was one of the earliest, and Peggy Guggenheim (1898–1979) is surely the best‐known example. Even the foundation of the New York Museum of Modern Art can be traced to the initiative of three women collectors, Lillie P. Bliss (1864–1931), Abby Aldrich Rockefeller (1874–1948) and Mary Quinn Sullivan (1877–1939). By contrast, until well into the twentieth century, in Europe and Germany in particular, the collection and public presentation of art appears to have been a male‐dominated field in which the activities of women like Helene Kröller‐Müller (1869–1939) in the Netherlands represented an exception rather than the rule. Recent research demonstrates that Ingvild Goetz was the first woman in Germany not only to emerge as an independent collector of contemporary art, but also to found a private art museum in 1993. The aim of this article is to elucidate the individual preconditions, collecting strategies and forms of art mediation that led to Ingvild Goetz’s internationally recognised reputation—due to the quality of her collection and art promotion—as the ‘Grande Dame of German art collections’, making her into a role model for young collectors like Julia Stoschek in Düsseldorf.

Seven Ways of Looking at the American Society for Theatre Research

It was my first ASTR conference, a gathering on “Popular Entertainment” held over two decades ago in New York City, and every time my tweed-clad, bearded husband and I neared the conference arena, he was mistaken for the ASTR member. Determined to prove myself a scholar through my performance if not my looks, I strode into the dimmed conference auditorium, sat near the front, and listened intently to the chair of the next panel as he announced that, “unfortunately,” the aging vaudeville star scheduled to perform the fan dance for us had fallen ill. While I tried to process that information, a leotard-covered American Ballet Theatre replacement glided onto the stage, fan in hand. I was transfixed. I knew I was inexperienced—I had only attended two other theatre conferences—but was this really happening? At my first theatre conference prior to ASTR's—an inexplicably weeklong sojourn dedicated to Sarah Bernhardt—I had watched the aging French diva stomp around in an early silent movie as an independent collector slavered over “Sar-aah's divine ah-rt” and Laurence Senelick offered me a simultaneous (and inimitable) sotto voce commentary. At my second conference, I had found myself engaged in a group sing-along of a nineteenth-century barroom ditty and had encountered my still-favorite opening line: “Canadian provincial theatre is an almost virgin field.”

The spherical segmented Langmuir probe in a flowing thermal plasma: numerical model of the current collection

Abstract. The segmented Langmuir probe (SLP) has been recently proposed by one of the authors (Lebreton, 2002) as an instrument to derive the bulk velocity of terrestrial or planetary plasmas, in addition to the electron density and temperature that are routinely measured by Langmuir probes. It is part of the scientific payload on the DEMETER micro-satellite developed by CNES. The basic concept of this probe is to measure the current distribution over the surface using independent collectors under the form of small spherical caps and to use the angular anisotropy of these currents to obtain the plasma bulk velocity in the probe reference frame. In order to determine the SLP capabilities, we have developed a numerical PIC (Particles In Cell) model which provides a tool to compute the distribution of the current collected by a spherical probe. Our model is based on the simultaneous determination of the charge densities in the probe sheath and on the probe surface, from which the potential distribution in the sheath region can be obtained. This method is well adapted to the SLP problem and has some advantages since it provides a natural control of the charge neutrality inside the simulation box, allows independent mesh sizes in the sheath and on the probe surface, and can be applied to complex surfaces. We present in this paper initial results obtained for plasma conditions corresponding to a Debye length equal to the probe radius. These plasma conditions are observed along the Demeter orbit. The model results are found to be in very good agreement with those published by Laframboise (1966) for a spherical probe in a thermal non-flowing plasma. This demonstrates the adequacy of the computation method and of the adjustable numerical parameters (size of the numerical box and mesh, time step, number of macro-particles, etc.) for the considered plasma-probe configuration. We also present the results obtained in the case of plasma flowing with mesothermal conditions reproducing the case of measurements onboard a low altitude spacecraft. Finally, we briefly discuss the capabilities of the SLP to deduce the plasma bulk velocity under similar conditions and present the first onboard measurements. Keywords. Ionosphere (Modeling and forecasting; Instruments and techniques)

Spatial variation of throughfall volume in an old-growth tropical wet forest, Costa Rica

Throughfall volume and interception of bulk precipitation events were measured during individual rain events of differing magnitudes in a primary wet tropical forest at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. The relationship between canopy structure and throughfall were examined to identify key sources of spatial variation. Geostatistical analyses were also used to examine the spatial variation in throughfall, spatial autocorrelation and to determine minimum distances for independence of collectors. Throughfall volume was collected from 56 ground-based (funnel-style) collectors. Throughfall was collected for 26 separate precipitation events during July and August 1998. Per cent cover, distance to nearest tree, distance to nearest leaf were also estimated for each collection point. A weak relationship was found with per cent cover (r2 = 0.11). No relationship was found between throughfall and distance to the nearest leaf above the collector. Estimated interception was 1.88 mm (r2 = 0.94) with increased variance as bulk precipitation increased. A range distance of 45 m was estimated from variograms, strongly suggesting that large tree canopies and gaps are the source of much of the spatial variance in throughfall volume. Interception was reduced by 19% if only spatially independent collectors were used.

A new highly variable non-marine bivalve fauna and a new species from basal Westphalian D near Osnabriick, Germany with an Appendix: New internal and external features in the genusAnthraconaia

AbstractThe study is based on over 170 bivalve specimens collected in the last seven years by three independent collectors in basal Westphalian D strata at Piesberg Quarry, near Osnabrück, northern Germany. All the material has come from the roof shales of either the Bänkchen or the Dreibänke coal, 25 m above it, most of it from above the Dreibanke coal. Both faunal bands have closely similar sediments, shells and floral associations, mainly of hydrophyllic plants, including those that characterise waterlogged swamps. The palaeoenvironments were, on average, of low energy deltaic lakes.Both faunal bands constitute life assemblages of small, sparseAnthraconaiamingled with abundant plants and plant debris in richly carbonaceous shale with a variable carbonate content. Siphonal and pedal gapes of the valves indicate that the bivalves lived in a steeply burrowing position probably below the surface of the sediments. After death most valve pairs lay with their median planes parallel to the bedding planes of the sediment. Later overlying pressure, normal to bedding planes and varying according to the time of carbonate formation, led to a pattern of breakdown of the convexity of the shells essentially the same as that found in largerAnthraconaiain Westphalian B. In both cases it appears that lateral profiles of shells have been unaffected by vertical crushing. It is therefore reasonable to treat the profiles of uncrushed and vertically crushed shells together.On the basis of measurements and morphology two groups of shells have been distinguished at Piesberg, that ofAnthraconaia pruvosti(Tchernychev) Weir, comprising about 96 per cent of the fauna, and the remainderAnthraconaia piesbergensissp. nov. Each is illustrated by a variation diagram or pictograph and is in part defined by growth equations in terms of shell length, height and anterior end. The smallA. piesbergensis, which also yields evidence of posterior gape, is formally described.Anthraconaia pruvosti, which has not been previously recorded in Germany, shows extremely wide variation with a number of new varieties, but all intergrade with previously known varieties of this species and includeAnthraconaia weissiana(Geinitz). The mean size of the shells is half that of the holotype, from northern France, but size ranges are comparable with those from the U.K. The mode of the fauna lies around small, elongate, subtriangular shells with nearly straight to slightly reflected ventral margins.The elements of the Piesberg fauna fall into place stratigraphically in the sequence ofAnthraconaiafaunas in Westphalian C to late Westphalian D, mainly in the southern part of the U.K. Moreover, very small, scarce shells recently described above No. 10 coal, late Westphalian D at Writhlington, Somerset, U.K., appear related toA. piesbergensis. At this horizon they had different associates and a different palaeohabitat from those of the largerAnthraconaia pringlei(Dix & Trueman) which succeededA. pruvosti. It is therefore likely thatA. piesbergensismay have occupied a different palaeoecological niche from that ofA. pruvostiand thatA. piesbergensiswas collected from a horizon slightly different from those yieldingA. pruvostiat Piesberg Quarry, possibly from a fauna which lived in shallower water.Re-figuring of uncrushed, excellently preserved material ofAnthraconaiaaff.pruvostifrom late Westphalian C of Pembrokeshire, SW Wales, reveals new evidence of the musculature of the genusAnthraconaia. There is also clear evidence of siphonal and pedal gapes in closed valves, both being features previously unrecognised inAnthraconaia, and characteristic, to date, only of Westphalian late C and D Stages in Germany and the U.K.

An event-driven data collection and analysis facility for a two-computer network

In this paper we describe an event-driven data collection facility, and a general-purpose program to perform a set of analyses on the collected data. There are several features which distinguish this facility from others. First, the system being monitored is a network of loosely-coupled computers. Although there are just two computers in the network, the facility could be readily extended to larger networks. Second, the main purpose of the facility is to monitor the execution of interactive graphics application programs whose processing and data are distributed between the network's computers. Third, the data collector and analyzer are readily extendible to treat new kinds of data. This is accomplished by a data and event independent collector, and a table-driven data analyzer.