Independence Behavior Research Articles

Phase transition and universality of the majority-rule model on complex networks

In this paper, we investigate the phenomena of order-disorder phase transition and the universality of the majority-rule model defined on three complex networks, namely the Barabási–Albert, Watts–Strogatz and Erdős–Rényi networks. Assume each agent holds two possible opinions randomly distributed across the networks’ nodes. Agents adopt anticonformity and independence behaviors, represented by the probability p, where with a probability p, agents adopt anticonformity or independence behavior. Based on our numerical simulation results and finite-size scaling analysis, it is found that the model undergoes a continuous phase transition for all networks, with critical points for the independence model greater than those for the anticonformity model in all three networks. We obtain critical exponents identical to the opinion dynamics model defined on a complete graph, indicating that the model exhibits the same universality class as the mean-field Ising model.

Pengaruh Lokus Kendali Internal, Kemandirian, Perilaku Produktif, Pendidikan Kewirausahaan, dan Lingkungan Sosial Terhadap Intensi Berwirausaha

Entrepreneurship leads to economic improvement and social advancement which is really important for the nation. This view as a force that revitalizes the economy and contributes to economic progress. Entrepreneurship in students is an interesting and relevant topic in the current situation of higher insight. Amidst the dynamic changes in the world of work, entrepreneurship has become a highly valued and needed skill. Therefore, the function of students is needed as one of the substantial to implementing entrepreneurial activities. Accordingly, the mission of this survey to recognize the effect of internal locus of control, independence, productive behavior, entrepreneurship education, and the social environment on student entrepreneurial intention. Researchers used descriptive quantitative research design and survey methods. This research is targeted at university students in Surabaya. This study involved 100 respondents and used a purposive sampling method as a data compilation technique. Research data that has been obtained from the questionnaire reactions were evaluated using multiple linear regression. The findings show that the internal locus of control has a significant influence on entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, it shows a significant influence between independence and productive behavior on entrepreneurial intentions. This also occurs in entrepreneurship education and the social environment has a significant impact on entrepreneurial intention

Phase transition in the majority rule model with the nonconformist agents

Independence and anticonformity are two types of social behaviors known in social psychology literature and the most studied parameters in the opinion dynamics model. These parameters are responsible for continuous (second-order) and discontinuous (first-order) phase transition phenomena. Here, we investigate the majority rule model in which the agents adopt independence and anticonformity behaviors. We define the model on several types of graphs: complete graph, two-dimensional (2D) square lattice, and one-dimensional (1D) chain. By defining p as a probability of independence (or anticonformity), we observe the model on the complete graph undergoes a continuous phase transition where the critical points are pc≈0.334 (pc≈0.667) for the model with independent (anticonformist) agents. On the 2D square lattice, the model also undergoes a continuous phase transition with critical points at pc≈0.0608 (pc≈0.4035) for the model with independent (anticonformist) agents. On the 1D chain, there is no phase transition either with independence or anticonformity. Furthermore, with the aid of finite-size scaling analysis, we obtain the same sets of critical exponents for both models involving independent and anticonformist agents on the complete graph. Therefore they are identical to the mean-field Ising model. However, in the case of the 2D square lattice, the models with independent and anticonformist agents have different sets of critical exponents and are not identical to the 2D Ising model. Our work implies that the existence of independence behavior in a society makes it more challenging to achieve consensus compared to the same society with anticonformists.

A pilot randomized controlled clinical trial of dance practice for functionality in autistic children and adolescent with all levels of need support

ObjectiveThis study addressed dance practice intertwining communication, functional independence and social behavior in autistic children and adolescents with all levels of need support. DesignA pilot randomized clinical trial with seventy-two participants between 8 and 15 years old were assessed for eligibility. SettingTheater rehearsal room and mental health clinic. InterventionsDance group (n = 17) or control group (n = 19), 24 sessions, once a week, lasting 40 min. Main outcome measuresThe Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Autistic Screening Questionnaire (ASQ), Childhood Autism Rate Scale (CARS), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS, version 2.0, to assess mothers’ functioning) were applied at two time points: baseline and end-point. ResultsDifferences between dance and control groups were significant at post-intervention for communication (mean difference: 1.31; 99.8%CI: 0.29, 2.32, p < 0.001, d = 0.93); social cognition (mean difference: 1.01; 99.8%CI: 0.13, 1.89, p < 0.001, d = 0.82); autistic behavior (mean difference: 11.82; 99.8%CI: 17.33, −6.31, p < 0.001, d = 1.45). ConclusionsIn this preliminary study, the findings provide ways of communication and social interaction through dance practice by autistic children and adolescents with all levels of support needs. Research on neurodiversity is needed to understand its feasibility and the lifestyle appropriation.

Temper Tantrums and Breath-Holding Spells

Temper Tantrums and Breath-Holding Spells

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, INDEPENDENSI DAN PERILAKU DISFUNGSIONAL AUDITOR TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT DI MODERASI OLEH RELIGIUSITAS

This study aims to determine "The Effect of Auditor's Competence, Independence and Dysfunctional Behavior on Audit Quality in Moderation by Religiosity" (Empirical Study of Public Accounting Firms in South Jakarta). The type of research used is quantitative research with primary data sources. The population in this study is a public accounting firm in the South Jakarta area and the sample in this study are auditors who work at public accounting firms in the South Jakarta area. The number of samples in this study were 103 auditors. Quantitative data analysis was performed using the Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) technique which was processed through the WarpPls 7.0 software. Based on the research results and the results of hypothesis testing, it shows that 1) competence has a positive and significant effect on audit quality, 2) independence has a positive and significant effect on audit quality, 3) dysfunctional behavior has a positive but insignificant effect on audit quality, 4) religiosity does not have a moderate effect competence on audit quality, 5) religiosity is not able to moderate the effect of independence on audit quality, 6) religiosity is not able to moderate the effect of auditor dysfunctional behavior on audit quality.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Competence, Independence, Auditor Dysfunctional Behavior, Religiosity

Уровень креативности студентов, получающих профессию психолога (на примере студентов Кокшетауского университета им. Ш. Уалиханова)

Introduction. The article focuses on creativity, which is viewed as one of the main factors influencing successful professional activity of a psychologist. Creativity is understood as a person’s ability to innovate, which can be traced in emotions, thinking, communication and various types of activity. Creativity occupies an important place in the activity of a psychologist and is a professionally important quality for a psychologist. The formation of creativity begins during the university period, when creative thinking is integrated into educational and professional activities. This makes is relevant to assess the level of creativity in psychology students. The article analyzes the level of creativity of psychology students studying at Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov (Kazakhstan). Materials and methods. We used Johnson’s Creativity Questionnaire to assess the following parameters: sensitivity to the problem, fluency of thinking, flexibility of mind, resourcefulness and ingenuity, ability to structure, originality, independence, and self-sufficient behavior. The total indicator of creativity was analyzed. The sample included 35 psychology students aged 18-22. Results. The empirical data showed that psychology students have a high degree of creativity—specifically, 60.0% of students have a high level of creativity, 28.6%, very high, and 11.4%, medium. Students with low and very low creativity levels were not found in the sample. Conclusion. We compared these results with the data regarding creativity in students studying on non-psychology programs presented by other authors, and we found that psychology students have a higher level of creativity. We suggest that these results are explained by the specifics of professional training of psychologists, which creates prerequisites for the development of creativity. The prospects of the study are connected with a detailed verification of this hypothesis.

Уровень креативности студентов, получающих профессию психолога (на примере студентов Кокшетауского университета им. Ш. Уалиханова)

Introduction. The article focuses on creativity, which is viewed as one of the main factors influencing successful professional activity of a psychologist. Creativity is understood as a person’s ability to innovate, which can be traced in emotions, thinking, communication and various types of activity. Creativity occupies an important place in the activity of a psychologist and is a professionally important quality for a psychologist. The formation of creativity begins during the university period, when creative thinking is integrated into educational and professional activities. This makes is relevant to assess the level of creativity in psychology students. The article analyzes the level of creativity of psychology students studying at Kokshetau University named after Sh. Ualikhanov (Kazakhstan). Materials and methods. We used Johnson’s Creativity Questionnaire to assess the following parameters: sensitivity to the problem, fluency of thinking, flexibility of mind, resourcefulness and ingenuity, ability to structure, originality, independence, and self-sufficient behavior. The total indicator of creativity was analyzed. The sample included 35 psychology students aged 18-22. Results. The empirical data showed that psychology students have a high degree of creativity—specifically, 60.0% of students have a high level of creativity, 28.6%, very high, and 11.4%, medium. Students with low and very low creativity levels were not found in the sample. Conclusion. We compared these results with the data regarding creativity in students studying on non-psychology programs presented by other authors, and we found that psychology students have a higher level of creativity. We suggest that these results are explained by the specifics of professional training of psychologists, which creates prerequisites for the development of creativity. The prospects of the study are connected with a detailed verification of this hypothesis.

Quantitative Investigation of Hand Grasp Functionality: Hand Joint Motion Correlation, Independence, and Grasping Behavior.

Modeling and understanding human grasp functionality are fundamental in prosthetics, robotics, medicine, and rehabilitation, since they contribute to exploring motor control mechanism, evaluating grasp function, and designing and controlling prosthetic hands or exoskeletons. However, there are still limitations in providing a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of hand grasp functionality. After simultaneously considering three significant and essential influence factors in daily grasping contained relative position, object shape, and size, this paper presents the tolerance grasping to provide a more comprehensive understanding of human grasp functionality. The results of joint angle distribution and variance explained by PCs supported that tolerance grasping can represent hand grasp functionality more comprehensively. Four synergies are found and account for 93% ± 1.5% of the overall variance. The ANOVA confirmed that there was no significant individual difference in the first four postural synergies. The common patterns of grasping behavior were found and characterized by the mean value of postural synergy across 10 subjects. The independence analysis demonstrates that the tolerance grasping results highly correlate with unstructured natural grasping and more accurately correspond to cortical representation size of finger movement. The potential for exploring the neuromuscular control mechanism of human grasping is discussed. The analysis of hand grasp characteristics that contained joint angle distribution, correlation, independence, and postural synergies, presented here, should be more representative to provide a more comprehensive understanding of hand grasp functionality.

Quality of Life and Physical Activity of Persons with Spinal Cord Injury.

The higher quality of life of people with spinal cord injury is closely related with their reintegration into the social environment. Social reintegration is a demanding and complex process, requiring individuals to become active again and acquire age-, gender-, and culture-appropriate roles and social status. It also involves independence and productive behavior as part of multiple interpersonal relationships with family, friends, and others. In order to establish whether individuals with spinal cord injury who are physically active subjectively rate their quality of life to be higher compared to those who are not, sixty-two respondents from Slovenia with spinal cord injury were interviewed. Thirty-one of them were physically active, and 31 were not. The level of injury of the responders was from Th6–Th12. The participants gave the highest assessments to their interpersonal relationships, and the lowest to their satisfaction with material prosperity. Data comparison showed that subjective estimates in all areas of quality of life are higher in respondents who were involved in physical activity after their injury. The results may encourage persons with spinal cord injury to participate more often in sports programs, and also encourage others to do so.

Age-based variation in calf independence, social behavior and play in a captive population of African elephant calves.

African elephant calves are highly social and their behavioral development depends heavily on interactions with other elephants. Evaluating early social behaviors offers important information that can inform management decisions and maximize individual- and population-level welfare. We use data collected from the population of elephants at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park in Escondido, CA to evaluate developmental trajectories of spatial independence and social behavior in nine elephant calves across a range of ages. As calves aged, the probability of being further from mothers also increased. Tactile interactions were common among calves, with all individuals either initiating or receiving physical touches from other elephants in a large proportion of focal scans. While the probability of initiating tactile interactions tended to decline with increases in calf age, the probability of receiving tactile interactions from other elephants remained invariant with regard to this variable. The social play was also common, occurring in a fifth of all focal scans. While there was evidence that social play tended to decline with increases in calf age, results suggest additional factors may be useful in characterizing patterns in play behavior at the individual level. Calves most frequently engaged in play with individuals of similar age but showed substantial variation in play partner choice. Results of this study suggest that maintaining groups of elephants in captivity with diverse age structure positively contribute to their healthy social development.

Relationships Between Household Income and Functional Independent Behavior for Children With Autism.

Children in lower income households are less likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and diagnosis is often delayed. Lack of or delayed identification of ASD minimizes a child's ability to receive effective early intervention services that support development of functional independence skills. Research has yet to identify relationships between functional independence and household income for children with ASD. A cross-sectional national survey with 231 caregivers of children with autism aged 2-12 years was conducted. Caregivers completed a 90-min survey examining family demographics, intervention services, autism symptom severity, and children's functional behavioral outcomes. Significant differences in functional independence behavior scores were identified for children from the highest and lowest income categories when controlling for autism symptom severity, age of diagnosis, and receipt of intervention services. This study provides preliminary evidence to support the association between income and functional independent behavior for children with ASD.

A novel independent harmonic tuned two‐port output network for efficiency enhanced RF power amplifiers

AbstractThis article introduces a simple two‐port harmonic tuned output network‐based design of RF Power Amplifiers. The proposed output network facilitates mutual independence between the fundamental, second, and third harmonic impedances, which thereby eases the tuning process. The proposed two‐port harmonic tuning network has been synthesized, fabricated, and measured separately to demonstrate the harmonic independence behavior. Thorough graphical and analytical deductions are provided for the design scheme. The proposed design strategy has been validated with a Cree 10 W GaN HEMT based fabricated prototype at 2.4 GHz. The measured results show an obtained drain efficiency up to 82.3% and a gain of &gt; 11.0 dB.

Student Independence In Career Planning in 6 Padang Vocational High School

Independence is an attitude that is owned by someone to do everything themselves (independent), able to make their own decisions and account for their decisions in this case a person has freedom in acting and making decisions, as well as in terms of career planning. Students are able to be independent in career planning. But the reality found there are still some students who do not know the direction of their careers, go along with choosing a career as chosen by their peers, and do not understand their potential to choose a future career. This study aims describe the independence of behavior, and independence of assessment. This type of research is a type of descriptive research. The research population is students of class XII of six public vocational in padang who were enrolled in the 2019/2020 academic year, amounting to 441 people. Samples were taken using a purposive sampling technique to obtain a total sample of 202 people. The study was conducted by administering the questionnaire instrument. Data were analyzed by percentage analysis. The research findings show the results: the independence of students in overall career planning is in the quite independent category, the independenceof students in career planning viewed from emotional independence is in the categoryof quite independent, the independence of students in career planning seen from the independence behavior is in the category of sufficient independence, and the independence of students in career planning seen from the independence of assessment is in the category of quite independent.

Increasing the independence of vulnerable consumers through social support

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of social support on young adults with disabilities (YAWDs) independent mobility behavior with the aim of understanding how better to support this vulnerable consumer segment in their transition into the workforce.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted which examined how social support (high and low) influenced YAWD’s path to independent mobility behavior. The data were analyzed using partial least squares-SEM.FindingsIt was identified that different factors were more effective at influencing independent mobility behavior for high and low socially supported YAWDs. For high social support individuals, anticipated positive emotions and perceived behavioral control were found to drive attitudes to independent mobility with perceived behavioral control significantly stronger for this group than the low socially supported group. For the low socially supported group, all factors were found to drive attitudes which then drove individual behavior. One entire path (risk aversion to anticipated negative emotions to attitude to behavior) was found to be stronger for low supported individuals compared to high.Originality/valueThis study is unique in that it is the first to identify the theoretical constructs that drive vulnerable consumer’s independence behavior and understand how these factors can be influenced to increase independence. It is also the first to identify that different factors influence independent behavior for vulnerable consumers with high and low social support with anticipated negative emotions important for consumers with low social support and perceived behavioral control important for those with high social support.

An Ensemble of Condition Based Classifiers for Device Independent Detailed Human Activity Recognition Using Smartphones †

Human activity recognition is increasingly used for medical, surveillance and entertainment applications. For better monitoring, these applications require identification of detailed activity like sitting on chair/floor, brisk/slow walking, running, etc. This paper proposes a ubiquitous solution to detailed activity recognition through the use of smartphone sensors. Use of smartphones for activity recognition poses challenges such as device independence and various usage behavior in terms of where the smartphone is kept. Only a few works address one or more of these challenges. Consequently, in this paper, we present a detailed activity recognition framework for identifying both static and dynamic activities addressing the above-mentioned challenges. The framework supports cases where (i) dataset contains data from accelerometer; and the (ii) dataset contains data from both accelerometer and gyroscope sensor of smartphones. The framework forms an ensemble of the condition based classifiers to address the variance due to different hardware configuration and usage behavior in terms of where the smartphone is kept (right pants pocket, shirt pockets or right hand). The framework is implemented and tested on real data set collected from 10 users with five different device configurations. It is observed that, with our proposed approach, 94% recognition accuracy can be achieved.

Green, simple and large scale synthesis of N-doped graphene quantum dots with uniform edge groups by electrochemical bottom-up synthesis

An electrochemical bottom-up synthesis of N-doped GQDs (N-GQDs) with large amount of well-defined edge groups was developed for the first time. The exclusive edge group of the obtained N-GQDs is –NH2 results in the excitation wavelength independence behavior.

Judicial ethics

By analyzing judicial ethics, the author assumes that ethics is the science on morality, and that its primary task is to let us know what moral is and what the basic components of law and justice are. Further, he discusses the relationship between law and morality, and the factors that determine moral principles. He underlines Ulpijan's moral saying 'Honest vivere, alterum non laedere, suum cuique tribuere, and emphasizes that morality is determined by core values : justice, virtue, honor, honesty, etc. by which we are trying to organize society, on a propper way . He gives special attention to the fact that moral primarily bringsan individual before their own judgement, while law, being compulsory order, brings an individual to the societal judgement. The author emphasizes that justice is the core and essence of law and that it consists of identifying and determining the conditions that make human interaction possible. The author goes on to talk about judicial principles, prosecutorial principles, attorney principles, public notaries principles and ombudsmen principles, stressing that these principles are based on independence, impartiality, integrity and proper behavior, as well as on the expertise and accountability of judiciary.

Microstructural and Electrical Properties of Barium Strontium Titanate and Nickel Zinc Ferrite Composites

Structural and electrical properties of oxide composite of two ferroic ternary Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 were investigated. Powder x-ray diffraction studies show that the end products, BST possess cubic perovskite structure and NZF possess cubic spinel structure. A very systematic phase transition between these two phases has been achieved for intermediate doping ranges. Surface morphology revealed a uniform grain distribution with very low porosity for entire composite series. Real and imaginary permittivity and loss tangents for all the composites up to 1MHz frequency range show high dielectric constants and low losses, respectively. Exceptionally, high dielectric permittivity values were obtained for composite samples as compared to pristine end products. At lower frequencies, the values of dielectric permittivity were high, because the excitation of bound electrons, lattice vibration, dipole orientation and space charge polarization are active. At high frequencies, the dielectric permittivity exhibited frequency independence behavior for entire series. AC conductivities determined from the dielectric data exhibited strong frequency dependence with a non linear increase with increasing frequencies. The electrical conduction in the system may be modeled by hopping model.

Correlated Equilibrium, Conformity and Stereotyping in Social Groups

We argue that a social norm and the coordination of behavior within social groups can be expressed by a correlated equilibrium. Given a social group structure (a partition of individuals into social groups), we propose four conditions that one may expect of a correlated equilibrium consistent with social norms. These are: (a) within-group anonymity (conformity within groups), (b) group independence (no conformity between groups), (c) homophily (individuals in the same group have similar attributes), and (d) predictable group behavior (ex-post stability). We demonstrate that correlated equilibrium satisfying (a)-(c) exist very generally and equilibrium satisfying (a)-(d) exist in games with many players. We also consider stereotyped beliefs - beliefs that all individuals in a social group can be expected to behave in the same way - and show that stereotyping is not costly to the person who stereotypes but may or may not be beneficial to society.