Increasing Demand For Throughput Research Articles

Capacity Estimation for 5G Cellular Networks

This paper outlines the requirements for 5G cellular networks driven by the combination of increasing throughput demand, improving coverage and the capacity estimation for wireless access in the next decade. Deployment of 5G networks will emerge between 2020 to 2030 in many countries and will be built upon existing sites. 5G will offer great benefits for both consumers and industries to achieve a ‘hyper connected society’ capable of zero-distance connectivity between people and connected machines. The applications, the use cases as well as the massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output technologies, for example antenna beamforming and network densification to enhance the system capacity and mobility of 5G cellular networks are discussed in this paper

Cuckoo filter-based many-field packet classification using X-tree

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a new paradigm which emerged in the networking area. Packet classification is an interesting topic that has considered in both traditional and SDN networks. Packet classification involves inspection of multiple fields against a set of thousands of rules called rule-set. With the increasing throughput demands in modern networks and the growing size of rule-sets, performing wire-speed packet classification has become challenging and an important topic in recent years. Packet classification is called as many-field packet classification in the SDN because of increasing the number of header fields. In this paper, a scalable many-field packet classification by employing the extended tree (X-tree) integrated with an efficient probabilistic data structure called Cuckoo filter is proposed. X-tree has high performance from the lookup, insertion, and update aspects. However, X-tree has a high memory requirement, Cuckoo filter as a probabilistic data structure is integrated within each X-tree node to outperform memory requirements and providing more classification throughput. Our experiment results show that the proposed approach achieves high throughput while requiring low memory. In addition, the proposed approach improves latency 2.4 $$\times $$ , 6.15 $$\times $$ and 4.75 $$\times $$ in comparison with DBAMCP, BSOL-RC and BF-AQT for 64 k rule-set, respectively.

Optimal Seismic Upgrade Timing in Seaports with Increasing Throughput Demand via Real Options

A real options (RO) formulation is proposed for decision-making on the timing to upgrade the seismic performance of existing seaports with increasing throughput demand in earthquake prone areas. The pay-off of the seismic upgrade investment option is estimated based on projected net earnings, repair cost, and downtime for a damaging reference seismic event having a pre-specified annual probability of occurrence. These projections inform a discrete-time RO binomial tree, following the American option valuation framework, which propagates the probability of the reference seismic event assuming Poisson temporal distribution of earthquake occurrence. The net present value of the expected annual payoff of the considered investment is used as an index supporting risk-informed decision-making discounted by the weighted average cost of capital (WACC). Numerical examples pertaining to decision makers with different capital cost, namely port authorities and terminal operators, operating in different economic environments typical of developed and developing countries are furnished to illustrate the applicability of the proposed RO formulation. It is found that high WACC and/or low throughput growth bring the optimal seismic upgrade timing forward, while earthquake consequences and upgrade cost have almost no influence on this timing.

Device-to-Device Networking Meets Cellular via Network Coding

Utilizing device-to-device (D2D) connections among mobile devices is promising to meet the increasing throughput demand over cellular links. In particular, when mobile devices are in close proximity of each other and are interested in the same content, D2D connections such as Wi-Fi Direct can be opportunistically used to construct a cooperative (and jointly operating) cellular and D2D networking system. However, it is crucial to understand, quantify, and exploit the potential of network coding for cooperating mobile devices in the joint cellular and D2D setup. In this paper, we consider this problem, and: 1) develop a network coding framework, namely NCMI, for cooperative mobile devices in the joint cellular and D2D setup, where cellular and D2D link capacities are the same; and 2) characterize the performance of the proposed network coding framework, where we use packet completion time, which is the number of transmission slots to recover all packets, as a performance metric. We demonstrate the benefits of our network coding framework through simulations.