Increasing Labor Productivity Research Articles

О влиянии профессиональной структуры занятости на рост экономики современной России

The paper attempts to identify the relationship between the professional structure of employment and the growth rate of the economy of modern Russia based on correlation analysis and construction of regression models using regional statistics. The obtained research results show that the expansion of the scale of using the labor of managers can contribute to an increase in the rates of economic growth, which corresponds to the trends in the development of the post-industrial economic system. The use of unskilled labor slows down economic growth, which indicates the use of outdated relict technological structures. The absence of a significant impact of skilled labor on the rate of economic growth indicates that industrial technologies are used that have exhausted the possibilities of increasing labor productivity. The absence of a significant impact on the rate of economic growth of specialists indicates that their role in accelerating scientific and technological progress is insignificant. This may be due to insufficient research and development, limited funding for this area of activity. The use of skilled labor in agriculture and forestry, fish farming and fishing slows down economic growth, which indicates that these industries are based on outdated relict structures.

Efficacy of growth-led unemployment reduction hypothesis in India using Okun’s law

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether increased labour productivity could reduce the impact of output growth on the unemployment rate in India over the period 1991–2019 through Okun’s law and its expanded form.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses Okun’s law and its expanded form, with the inclusion of labour productivity in the actual model. Further, the relationship between output growth, unemployment rate, and labour productivity is analysed by using the gap model, the difference model, the dynamic model, the error correction model (ECM), and the vector autoregressive (VAR) approach.FindingsThe empirical results from the applied models do not confirm an inverse relationship between output growth and the unemployment rate with an unexpected positive sign of Okun’s coefficient. The evidence of preference for more capital-intensive techniques in the Indian economy is also strongly supported by the results of the expanded form of Okun’s law with a statistically significant positive coefficient of GDP and labour productivity.Originality/valueThe study examined the proposed relationship using Okun’s law and its expanded form, which had not been employed in earlier studies in the context of India. The authors also show that a high economic growth rate is a necessary but not sufficient condition to solve the chronic and structural unemployment problem in India.

AGRO-robotics: Problems and Prospects

The article discusses innovative areas of development of forestry and agricultural machinery with intelligent control systems. Kinematics is considered using the example of a harvester with a multi-link manipulator and walking chassis. Systems of equations are presented that characterize the spatial position of the working and chassis equipment with a large number of degrees of freedom. For this purpose, many companies have set themselves the task of creating multifunctional robots that operate autonomously and are controlled remotely using cloud technologies with special software. Intelligent control systems currently being developed can significantly expand the technological capabilities of machines that were unavailable in the not so distant past. The use of robots allows the introduction of new highly efficient technologies in which a person will be relieved of heavy physical labor, work in hazardous conditions, aggressive environments, etc. As a result of using robots, significant savings in material and labor resources, increased labor productivity and reduced production costs can be achieved. Currently, the use of walking vehicles for cargo transportation, clearing rubble, conducting emergency rescue operations in undeveloped areas in off-road conditions, as well as military use is considered promising. An assessment of existing problems and development prospects is given.

Gamification as an intangible tool for motivating agroindustrial workers in order to increase labor productivity

The research on the impact of gamification on labor productivity, the level of employee engagement, the recruitment process, as well as the degree of assimilation of information during adaptation and training is analyzed. Due to the insufficient number of publications on gamification as a tool for staff motivation, proposals are made for its use in the activities of business entities in the agricultural sector. An algorithm for the implementation of this concept in the practice of organizations, including agricultural ones, is presented.

Developing administrative and process-related solutions for the benefit of residential construction projects

Housing construction is a key segment of economy in any country, as it satisfies the needs of population and ensures safe living conditions. This segment must take into account the requirements of safety, environmental friendliness, energy efficiency and limited mobility, resulting in high-quality construction products within pre-set deadlines. Due to the fact that many parties are involved in the construction of buildings, numerous processes are underway. As a result, various risk factors may arise. They may cause a failure to meet deadlines and lower quality of work. The authors propose administrative and process-related solutions aimed at eliminating the most substantial risk factors. The study solves the following tasks: analyzing the general contractor's activity in residential construction; studying risk factors that affect the building construction period; identifying actions aimed at mitigating risk factors by applying administrative and process-related solutions; developing and implementing a novel method developed on the basis of the research projects. An expert survey was conducted among the top specialists from the construction industry, and a list of risk factors arising during the construction of residential buildings was made. As a result, a method is developed that enables the pre-assessment of potential construction risk factors and elimination or minimization of their effect. This method reduces the period of construction, improves the quality of construction facilities and, on the whole, increases labor productivity.

Automated Assessment of Leadership Style and Professional Values of a Top-Manager and its Compliance with SDGS

Objective: the main objective was to use automated text analysis and assess the leadership styles and professional values of top managers, as well as to study how these parameters can influence the achievement of the SDG "Decent work and Economic growth". Theoretical Framework: The work is based on the idea that the leadership style and intelligence of a top manager determine the trajectory of a company’s development, the psychological working climate, the attitude towards employees, and the decision-making mechanism within and outside the team. Method: The authors used automated psychological text analysis using AI-based chatbots (ChatGPT, Gemini, Gigachat) and a specialized psychological text analysis program (LIWC). These methods were compared with psychological content analysis performed by a person. Results and Discussion: The obtained results showed that automated text analysis can be effectively used to understand the personality of the manager and the features of decision-making on his part in relation to employees and the organization. Research Implications: the approach proposed by the authors will allow for the development of measures to increase labor productivity and create decent jobs, taking into account the personality and values of the top manager, and will serve as a basis for the development of creativity and innovation in the company, thereby contributing to the achievement of the SDGs of “Decent Work and Economic Growth”. Originality/Value: the conducted research confirmed our hypothesis that text analysis allows us to understand important personality traits from the standpoint of intelligence, logic, thinking and speech, using artificial intelligence tools.

Use of small-sized units when spreading fertilizers on mountain slopes

BACKGROUND: The results of RD on a laboratory sample of the unit for spreading mineral fertilizers on mountain slopes, which can increase labor productivity and yield rate of mountain forage lands by 15–20%, are presented. AIM: Development of a small–sized laboratory sample of the unit for surface spreading of mineral fertilizers, ensuring accelerated restoration of productive and qualitative functions of natural grass stands of fallow forage lands. METHODS: The technical expertise and testing of the unit and the technology were carried out in the mountainous zone of the Republic of North Ossetia — Alania (Dargava basin, the station of North Caucasian Research Institute of Highland and Piedmont Agriculture) at an altitude of 1540 meters above sea level. The indicators of the test conditions and functional performance of the unit have been determined according to the OST 10.5.1-2000 industry standard. Surface fertilization was carried out according to the OST 10.7.1.-2000. “Testing of agricultural machinery. Machines for applying mineral fertilizers, lime materials and gypsum” industry standard. The study subject was the technology of spreading granular fertilizers, the design of the unit and working bodies: pendulum spreading devices, spreading rates and method of spreading fertilizers. RESULTS: A laboratory sample of the small-sized unit based on the KChG-2.4 cultivator of North Caucasian Research Institute of Highland and Piedmont Agriculture design for surface application of mineral fertilizers has been developed and manufactured. The block module is a hinged frame structure with a tow-lifting device, pendulum spreading tubes and rolling rollers installed on it. The considered motion of the mining unit is across the slope from top to bottom in a shuttle manner with rolling of the sown granules by rolling rollers. The tests were carried out on a rarefied section of the northern slope with a steepness of 13–16° in the area “Sugsadtanrag”. CONCLUSION: The practical application of the small-sized unit for surface spreading of mineral fertilizers with their subsequent rolling in areas in mountainous and foothill zones will ensure a reduction in the degradation processes of slope areas by accelerating the restoration of the quality and quantity of perennial grasses of fallow forage lands.

Empirical Determinants of Innovation in European Countries: Firm-level Analysis Based on CIS 2018

This study examines the role of perceptions about environmental regulations and their influence on the innovative performance and productivity of firms in Germany, Southern Europe, and Central and Eastern Europe. Utilizing the CDM model for innovative performance and data stemming from the Community Innovation Survey (CIS), we explore the alignment with the Porter hypothesis, which posits that well-designed environmental regulations can stimulate technological innovation and enhance market competitiveness. Our findings present a mixed view: in Germany, positive perceptions about environmental regulations correlate with the initiation of innovation activities, contributing to an increase in labour productivity. This supports the Porter hypothesis, evidencing that regulations can lead to beneficial ‘innovation offsets’ such as reduced resource use and pollution. Conversely, in Southern Europe and Central and Eastern Europe, the perceptions about these regulations on innovation activities are insignificant, with no considerable correlation observed between perceptions about environmental regulations and innovation output. Our findings are crucial for policymakers, environmental regulators, and business leaders aiming to leverage environmental regulations to boost innovation and competitiveness within their regions.

Analisis Determinan Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Di Indonesia

Indonesian natural resources have many opportunities. With 275 million people in Indonesia, 60% of whom are working-age, still not ready to increase labour productivity. This is all demonstrated by the relatively low percentage of labour productivity growth in Indonesia, which varies from province to province. The aim of this study is to provide an explanation and analysis of how education, health, and technology correlate with labour productivity in Indonesia.Panel data is used for analysis. During that period, Indonesia had 34 provinces. After testing the model with the Chow and Hausman tests, the fixed-effect model is the best. Research findings show that health does not affect labour productivity in Indonesia, but education and technology have a positive and significant impact on production.

Демографический спад и экономический рост: анализ причин и успешных решений в мировой практике

The article examines the impact of the demographic recession on economic growth, with an emphasis on the experience of foreign countries. In the face of an aging population and a shrinking workforce, many states are grappling with the challenges of sustaining stable economic development. The author analyzes examples from various global economies, exploring strategies employed to mitigate demographic changes, including stimulating innovation, increasing labor productivity, utilization of migration policy resources, and human capital development. Particular attention is paid to developed economies, where demographic issues most acutely affect long-term economic prospects. The author concludes that successful solutions to demographic challenges can be achieved through the implementation of a comprehensive approach and active collaboration among government entities, businesses, and society at large.

Increasing labour productivity by providing innovative activities in when repair and service sector in livestock industry

At present, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are significantly behind the developed countries in terms of labor productivity and the share of domestic companies implementing technological innovations in the main sectors of the economy (especially in agriculture). One of the significant factors of this lag is the underestimation in past years of the promising potential of various innovative technologies and, as a consequence the very limited and slow implementation of breakthrough innovations in the most signifi cant sectors of the domestic economy. The decisive turn of the state economic policy of neighboring states in the area of deep technological transformation of all sectors of the economy is aimed at an innovative breakthrough and reaching advanced growth rates in the technological and economic development of fraternal countries. However, along with the introduction of the latest technologies the creation of completely new modern high-tech industries, which will require colossal fi nancial investments, the task of comprehensively and thoroughly exploring internal production reserves, searching for new forms and methods of improving the effi ciency of labour organization at existing enterprises, which will also bring a noticeable economic effect, remains relevant. This article describes in sufficient detail practical activities to improve and streamline accounting, planning, certifi cation, rationalization of workplaces of animal husbandry technical service organizations under the current conditions of the developing market. The results of the studies show that certifi cation and rationalization of workplaces are eff ective tools in fi nding internal production reserves to improve the use of labour resources, fi xed production assets, promotes the replacement of obsolete equipment, improves the relationship between workplaces, improves working conditions, and optimally balances the need for labour with the number of existing workplaces. This will significantly increase the overall efficiency of activities and competitiveness of service enterprises in the fi eld of animal husbandry.

Digitalization of Mining Enterprise: A Key Factor in Ensuring Economic Security

The level of competitiveness of mining companies is primarily determined by productivity and operational excellence. Digitalization is becoming a key factor that enables companies in this industry to remain competitive in the future. In the mining industry, the transition to new and better ways of working has been slow due to the scale and complexity of production processes, as well as the significant costs of modernization. As a result, some enterprises are not actively implementing digital technologies. However, leading global and Kyrgyz mining companies are actively investing in the development of modern technologies in the field of energy and automation in order to increase production volumes, improve environmental efficiency, reduce the use of manual labor, costs and energy consumption. It is obvious that digital technologies open new opportunities for a significant increase in labor productivity and profit growth. The article discusses the main directions of digital transformation of mining enterprises, reveals the key advantages and potential threats. The author analyses both foreign and Kyrgyz examples of effective digitalization in this industry.

Формирование корпоративной культуры бережливого производства в современных условиях

The current stage of development of the national economy is associated with the formation of technological sovereignty of the country. Harsh sanctions, existing restrictions on access to certain market segments, digitalization and other challenges form an explicit request to Russian business to transform approaches to the organization of production, aimed primarily at increasing labor productivity, which is possible due to several main factors: the development of the production and technical base, maximizing the use of people-human capital and optimization of organizational factors. The first factor is quite costly and time-consuming in terms of implementation. The development of human and organizational factors can be carried out through lean production tools, the main problem of which is the significant resistance of personnel to new introductions. The work of foreign and domestic scientists and practitioners in the field of lean manufacturing and corporate culture has been studied, which allowed to formulate the author's definition of “corporate culture of lean production”, which allowed to develop a model of corporate culture of lean production at three levels of management (TOP, Middle, Down Management). The proposed model of transformation of the existing corporate culture into a corporate culture of lean production is considered in three planes with the designation of the stages of formation of a new corporate culture. It is noted that only voluntary adherence to a new ideology can maximize the effectiveness of innovations.

The Impact of Industrial Robots on Green Total Factor Energy Efficiency: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Cities

Improving energy utilization efficiency is a crucial means to achieve energy conservation, emission reduction, and green development. At present, to establish a high-quality development framework and satisfy the growing need for a better life among all its people, China must steadfastly pursue the path of green development. Although China’s substantial economic scale and achievements in ecological civilization construction provide favorable conditions for green transformation, there remains a significant gap compared to developed countries in the application of green and clean technologies. Confronted with technological bottlenecks, leveraging emerging technologies such as industrial robots from the new round of scientific and technological revolutions to improve the green total factor energy efficiency (GTFEE) is of critical importance to China’s green development. This study explores the potential impact of industrial robots on enhancing China’s GTFEE. It begins by reviewing the current research landscape in this field, highlighting its shortcomings, and theorizing potential impact pathways of industrial robots. Subsequently, the paper analyzes data from 2010 to 2019 on the usage of industrial robots and GTFEE across 276 cities at the prefectural level or above in China. Through empirical regression models that incorporate control variables and interaction terms, the study investigates the specific impacts of industrial robots on energy efficiency and their mechanisms of action. The results indicate that industrial robots significantly enhance the GTFEE of Chinese cities, especially in the Northeastern region. Industrial robots notably improve the GTFEE in resource-based cities, old industrial bases, and low-carbon pilot cities. Additionally, robots indirectly boost GTFEE by increasing labor productivity. Enhanced levels of green innovation and environmental regulations also positively moderate the effectiveness of industrial robots in improving energy efficiency. The findings of this research can assist local government agencies in coordinating and implementing policies that are conducive to green development, making better use of industrial robots to serve the people, and are of significant importance for promoting the transformation of China’s economy and society towards high-quality development.

МҰНАЙ ЖӘНЕ ГАЗ КЕНОРЫНДАРЫНЫҢ ӨНІМДЕРІН ӨНДІРУДЕ ҚАЗІРГІ ЗАМАНҒЫ ЦИФРЛЫ ЖӘНЕ ЗИЯТКЕРЛІ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛАРДЫ ҚОЛДАНУ АСПЕКТІЛЕРІ

Most oil fields cover thousands of square kilometers, and some have reserves in difficult local conditions (heat, permafrost, desert, deep water) or difficult to recover. Due to these factors and a number of other problems related to technological safety, there are difficulties in the development of oil fields (with a steady increase in demand for oil and gas). Therefore, oil companies still need a highly reliable digital infrastructure that provides high productivity and security and manages many of the devices used in the oil and gas business throughout the field. Therefore, in recent years, oil companies around the world are increasingly managing their oil fields using "smart" technologies. They have proven to be a powerful tool for ensuring the safety of oil fields and increasing labor productivity, as well as economic efficiency. The technologies used include the improvement of all stages of the work process through the rapid acquisition of production data associated with advanced analytics, which contributes to a more complete and efficient development of the oil field. With experience in the implementation of "intelligent" technologies, it already shows high efficiency and very reliable results (both in terms of the oil production process itself and in terms of reducing the cost of individual operations). The use of modern digital and intelligent technologies in the production process in the oil and gas sector plays an important role in order to increase efficiency, ensure safety and reduce environmental impact. Application of digital technologies-data collection and analysis: IoT sensors (Internet of Things) allow you to collect data from deposits in real time and send it to analytical platforms. Field modeling: Using digital Twin technology, virtual field models are created that allow you to predict and optimize production processes. Automation: The automated systems and robotics used help to increase productivity in the management of the oil and gas production process.

Некоторые основные проблемы экономического развития современной России

The work provides assessments of trends and factors of economic growth in modern Russia. The research was carried out on the basis of constructing econometric models using Rosstat data. Research results show that the main trends in economic development consisted of a decrease in the rate of economic growth and the rate of growth in labor productivity. The main factor of economic growth was the growth of labor productivity. There were no significant trends in changes in the growth rate of employment and the growth rate of accumulated fixed capital. The growth in labor productivity was achieved, to a large extent, due to an increase in the capital intensity of production. The basis for economic development was largely an ineffective archaic mechanism, the mechanism for the formation of an industrial economy. Employment growth had a negative impact on economic growth rates. The results obtained indicate that the most important factors of competitiveness and economic growth - human capital and new technologies - are insufficiently and ineffectively used. They did not ensure an increase in labor productivity due to investing in outdated technologies, attracting workers who do not have high qualifications, which is due to a decline in the quality of education and a reduction in the scale of scientific research and development. Education has largely lost its function of forming human capital. The research and development system does not sufficiently serve as a source of new technologies. The identified problems are obviously due to shortcomings in economic policy, shortcomings in financial management and investment processes, insufficient funding and ineffective management of the education system, research and development.

Priority directions for increasing production volumes in the regional livestock industry

Abstract The efficiency of agricultural production is determined by one of key parameters, namely, the production volume, which directly affects the earning power and profitability of the agricultural sector. The current level of development of the agricultural sector, both in the country as a whole and in most regions, indicates two trends in the development of the livestock industry and production, namely, processes of an intensive and extensive nature, thanks to which production volumes are also growing. At the same time, their influence on the scale of production activity is multidirectional. With the further development of technical and technological modernization, the introduction of modern technologies, the digital transformation of the livestock industry, processes related to the intensification of agricultural production should become priority methods for stimulating the growth of volumes, which will significantly and rapidly increase production volumes, ensure a significant increase in labor productivity, increase the level of its intellectualization.

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The article is devoted to the study of strategic aspects of conflict management in an enterprise. It has been proven that conflict management in an enterprise is an important aspect of strategic management. Effective conflict management can contribute to achieving the goals of the organization, improving the working atmosphere and increasing labor productivity. It has been proven that conflict management strategies in the enterprise management system are an important component of ensuring the effective operation and stability of the organization. It has been established that the development of a conflict resolution strategy requires a thorough analysis of existing contradictions, understanding their causes and taking into account the characteristics of each enterprise. The article proposes an algorithm for strategic conflict management at the enterprise and conflict management strategies. The cycle of implementation, monitoring and correction of the conflict management system is also considered. The conflict competence of employees and managers of the enterprise is analyzed. It has been established that the successful development of this competence requires the participation of relevant specialists, such as psychologists and conflict managers

Utilizing Investment in Fixed Assets and R&D as a Catalyst for Boosting Productivity to Stimulate Economic Growth

Investments form the basis for high-quality economic growth by ensuring renewal of production capacities and improvement of technologies and processes, thereby increasing labor productivity. Investment research is key to understanding its impact on the country’s economic advancement and more effective government policymaking to stimulate investment activity. The purpose of this paper is to study the relationship between fixed capital and R&D investments and labor productivity growth, as well as to determine the optimal level of these investments in determining the greatest effect on labor productivity growth. We use a regression model and the least squares method to empirically analyze data for seven countries for the period between 1997 and 2022. We calculate estimated values using SPSS and Python. The results show a certain impact of fixed assets and R&D investments on labor productivity growth. However, the payoff varies across the countries under study. Furthermore, despite its relatively small volumes, investment in R&D brings a greater effect on productivity growth than investment in fixed capital. With other factors remaining constant, the calculated optimums for investments in fixed assets and R&D show maximum points of growth in labor productivity.

THE CURRENT STATE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

This article discusses the rational use of agricultural land, taking into account structural and resource indicators for sustainable development. The effectiveness of land use in farms with different forms of land ownership depends on increasing labor productivity, strengthening the economy regime, increasing the intensification of production, using internal reserves and opportunities for agricultural production and, especially, rational use of land. The basis for the formation of sustainable land use should be strict observance of the established relationships between disturbed and undisturbed territories. Undisturbed territories should be considered as a stabilizing factor neutralizing anthropogenic impacts on the landscape. In this regard, the tasks of preserving productive agricultural land, optimizing arable land and acreage in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of land are becoming a priority. The solution of these tasks is connected with the improvement of technologies for maintaining and increasing the bioproductivity of agricultural lands, the development of technologies for rational land management, land use and land protection, the creation of effective organizational and legal mechanisms for managing agricultural lands, as well as the development of state monitoring of agricultural lands. In order to approach the practice of determining the efficiency of land use, it is necessary to focus in more detail on its factors according to the selected functional subsystems and types of efficiency.