Increase In Glycemia Research Articles

Is It Time for a New Algorithm for the Pharmacotherapy of Steroid-Induced Diabetes?

Glucocorticoids (GS) are widely used in multiple medical indications due to their anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antiproliferative effects. Despite their effectiveness in treating respiratory, skin, joint, renal, and neoplastic diseases, they dysregulate glucose metabolism, leading to steroid-induced diabetes (SID) or a significant increase of glycemia in people with previously diagnosed diabetes. The risk of adverse event development depends on the prior therapy, the duration of the treatment, the form of the drug, and individual factors, i.e., BMI, genetics, and age. Unfortunately, SID and steroid-induced hyperglycemia (SIH) are often overlooked, because the fasting blood glucose level, which is the most commonly used diagnostic test, is insufficient for excluding both conditions. The appropriate control of post-steroid hyperglycemia remains a major challenge in everyday clinical practice. Recently, the most frequently used antidiabetic strategies have been insulin therapy with isophane insulin or multiple injections in the basal-bolus regimen. Alternatively, in patients with lower glycemia, sulphonylureas or glinides were used. Taking into account the pathogenesis of post-steroid-induced hyperglycemia, the initiation of therapy with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors should be considered. In this article, we present a universal practical diagnostic algorithm of SID/SIH in patients requiring steroids, in both acute and chronic conditions, and we present a new pharmacotherapy algorithm taking into account the use of all currently available antidiabetic drugs.

Effect on Satiety-Related Biomarkers of Bar Snacks Containing Chickpea Flour and Pork Protein.

Randomised, crossover, double-blind, controlled post-prandial trial involving 24 participants (18-30 years), with two interventions: (a) a hybrid snack containing plant protein derived from chickpeas and 6.6% lean high-quality pork meat; and (b) a meat-based snack containing 90% lean pork meat. General, life-style, sensory acceptability questionnaire, and the following laboratory analyses were performed: lipid profile, endocannabinoids, and related compounds. Sensory questionnaires showed in general good acceptability for both bars. Additionally, there was a greater increase in glycemia at 30, 60, and 90 min after consuming the hybrid snack compared to the meat-based snack, with no changes in the lipid profile. Regarding the endocannabinoid compounds and related compounds, the compound N-palmitoleoyl ethanolamine in the acylethanolamide group showed higher levels overall following the consumption of the hybrid snack compared to the meat-based snack, particularly at 2 h. The hybrid snack was associated with changes in endocannabinoid-like compounds. Therefore, it may provide a lasting satiating effect, while complementing the protein profile of plant-based foods with the quality of animal protein.

Accelerated Longitudinal Glycemic Changes in Relation to Urinary Toxic/Essential Metals and Metal Mixtures Among Mexican Americans Living in Starr County, Texas.

Metal and metalloid exposures (hereafter "metals") are associated with adverse health outcomes, including type 2 diabetes; however, previous studies were largely cross-sectional or underpowered. Furthermore, underserved racial and ethnic groups are underrepresented in environmental health research despite having higher rates of type 2 diabetes and a greater risk of metal exposures. Consequently, we evaluated continuous glycemic traits in relation to baseline urinary toxic metal, essential metal, and metal mixtures in a cohort of Mexican American adults. A total of 510 participants were selected based upon self-reported diabetes status and followed over 3 years. Urinary metals were assessed at baseline. Linear mixed-effects models were used to estimate per-month changes in hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose, and postload glucose in relation to urinary metal levels. Multiple statistical approaches were used to assess the associations between glycemic traits and metal mixtures. After adjustment, higher urinary levels of arsenic, selenium, copper, molybdenum, nickel, and tin were associated with faster increases in measures of glycemia. The toxic metal mixture composed of arsenic, lead, cadmium, nickel, and tin was associated with faster increases in postload glucose. Using postload glucose criteria, highest versus lowest arsenic was predicted to accelerate conversion of normoglycemia to prediabetes and diabetes by 23 and 65 months, respectively. In this underrepresented, high-risk Mexican American population, exposure to toxic metals and alterations in essential metal homeostasis were associated with faster increases in glycemia over time that may accelerate type 2 diabetes development.

Cafeteria diet compromises natural adaptations of islet cell transdifferentiation and turnover in pregnancy.

Pancreatic islet β-cell mass expands during pregnancy, but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study examines the impact of pregnancy and cafeteria diet on islet morphology, associated cellular proliferation/apoptosis rates as well as β-cell lineage. Non-pregnant and pregnant Ins1Cre/+;Rosa26-eYFP transgenic mice were maintained on either normal or high-fat cafeteria diet, with pancreatic tissue obtained at 18 days gestation. Immunohistochemical changes in islet morphology, β-/α-cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as islet cell identity, neogenesis and ductal cell transdifferentiation were assessed. Pregnant normal diet mice displayed an increase in body weight and glycaemia. Cafeteria feeding attenuated this weight gain while causing overt hyperglycaemia. Pregnant mice maintained on a normal diet exhibited typical expansion in islet and β-cell area, owing to increased β-cell proliferation and survival as well as ductal to β-cell transdifferentiation and β-cell neogenesis, alongside decreased β-cell dedifferentiation. Such pregnancy-induced islet adaptations were severely restricted by cafeteria diet. Accordingly, islets from these mice displayed high levels of β-cell apoptosis and dedifferentiation, together with diminished β-cell proliferation and lack of pregnancy-induced β-cell neogenesis and transdifferentiation, entirely opposing islet cell modifications observed in pregnant mice maintained on a normal diet. Augmentation of β-cell mass during gestation arises through various mechanisms that include proliferation and survival of existing β-cells, transdifferentiation of ductal cells as well as β-cell neogenesis. Remarkably, cafeteria feeding almost entirely annuls pregnancy-induced islet adaptations, which may contribute to the development of gestational diabetes in the setting of dietary provoked metabolic stress.

Distribution of the T cell element of the immune system in post-COVID patients with first identified hyperglycemia

Post-COVID syndrome combines many adverse outcomes with often new-onset conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The relevance of the study is the insufficient data on T cell immunity in patients with hyperglycemia after COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of T cell immunity in individuals with post-COVID syndrome and newly diagnosed carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CDM) in the post-COVID period. The study included 100 patients (32 men and 68 women) aged from 38 to 70 years (mean age (M±m) was 59.40±8.80 years) with a verified post-COVID-19 condition. All patients were divided into three groups: group 1 – patients with concomitant newly diagnosed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in the post-COVID period (prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection, no increase in glycemia was detected according to primary medical documentation) (n = 30), group 2 – patients with concomitant newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 30), and group 3 – patients with the development of post-COVID syndrome without hyperglycemia (n = 40). During the study, the following parameters were determined: CD45+, CD3+ (T lymphocytes), CD45+, CD3+, CD4+ (helper inducers), CD45+, CD3+, CD8+ (cytotoxic T lymphocytes), CD45+, CD3+, CD4+, CD25+, CD127- (T regulatory cells), CD45+, CD3+, CD4+, CD25+ (T lymphocytes – early activation), CD45+, CD3+, HLA-DR+ (T lymphocytes – late activation). Infection with SARS-CoV-2 with the subsequent development of post-COVID syndrome and persistent hyperglycemia (IGT, type 2 diabetes) in the post-COVID period was accompanied by a higher level of the total number of T lymphocytes. A study of the T lymphocyte population revealed changes in the subpopulation composition. In the group of patients with CDM, a significant increase in T cytotoxic and T regulatory cells was noted. More pronounced changes in the subpopulation composition were identified in the group of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in the post-COVID period: an increase in the relative and absolute numbers of T helper cells and T cells of late activation of lymphocytes. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism associated with COVID-19 are accompanied by changes in the subpopulation composition of T lymphocytes. In individuals with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in the post-COVID period, hyperactivation of the T cell component of the immune system was revealed. Heterogeneous data were obtained in individuals with newly diagnosed impaired glucose tolerance, which requires further study of this group of patients.

Phytochemical profile, antioxidant screening, and antidiabetic effect of pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) leaves in diabetic mice

This current research explores the health benefits of pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) leaves linked to damage associated with diabetes in diabetic mice. An interesting increase in blood glycemia, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxide (H2O2), and renal advanced glycated end products (AGE) in comparison with the non-diabetic mice was observed. Additionally, a decrease in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and antioxidant enzymes namely catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, as well as superoxide dismutase in mice with hyperglycemia was appreciated, as well. The treatment with Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi methanolic extract (STME) from leaves (150 and 250 mg kg−1) for 21 days reduced markedly blood glucose, TC, LDL, hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2 and AGE levels in kidneys of mice with abnormally glucose level; it elevated serum HDL degree and boosted the activity of hepatic redox-regulating enzymes in diabetic mice. These findings exhibit the capacity of the STME to mitigate diabetes-related hyperglycemia. The data proposed that the administration of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi leaves extract can be useful in preventing alterations and dysfunction caused by glycation, oxidative stress, and hyperlipidemia in the pathology of diabetes. The overall results imply that phytochemical compounds of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi leaves may represent a promising therapeutic opportunity in the search for new anti-diabetic treatments.

Association between glycemia and multi-vessel lesion in participants undergoing coronary angiography: a cross-sectional study.

This study aims to elucidate the association between glycemia and the occurrence of multi-vessel lesions in participants undergoing coronary angiography. We analyzed 2,533 patients with coronary artery disease who underwent coronary angiography. Of these, 1,973 patients, identified by the endpoint of multi-vessel lesions, were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to determine the relationship between glycemia levels and multi-vessel lesion occurrence. The analysis included 1,973 participants, among whom 474 patients were identified with coronary multi-vessel lesions. Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between glycemia and the occurrence of coronary multi-vessel lesions (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.01-1.08; p = 0.02). The adjusted model indicated that for each unit increase in glycemia, the risk of developing coronary multi-vessel lesions increased by 4%, showing a significant correlation (p < 0.05). Subgroup analyses revealed that the impact of glycemia on multi-vessel lesions in patients with PCI varied according to gender, age, and smoking status, with the effect being more pronounced in men, older patients, and smokers. Our findings establish a significant association between glycemia and the incidence of multi-vessel lesions, particularly pronounced in male patients, individuals over 45, and smokers.

Analysis of glycemia during olaparib therapy in patients with ovarian cancer.

e17559 Background: Olaparib (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor) is a relatively new anticancer drug and some of its metabolic side effects, such as its effect on blood glucose, are not yet well defined. The aim of the study was a retrospective analysis to investigate olaparib-induced changes in glucose levels in patients with ovarian cancer (OC). Methods: The study was conducted on 32 OC patients with normoglycemia (3.9–5.5 mmol/l) confirmed before olaparib treatment. The fasting glucose (FG) levels were estimated after I (one month), II (two months), and III (three months) courses of olaparib treatment. The severity of hyperglycemia was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v5.0). Results: During treatment with olaparib, grade 1 hyperglycemia was found in 18 patients (56.2%), therefore hemoglobin A1C level measurement was recommended. The number of patients with impaired fasting glucose (5.6–6.9 mmol/l), characteristic of a pre-diabetic state, was 17 (53.1%), while glycemia indicative of diabetes (≥7.0 mmol/l) were found in 1 patient (3.1%). The statistically significant increase in glycemia was observed after I course of treatment (p&lt; 0.0001), then after the second (p=0.0003), and III course (p=0.0025). Conclusions: During olaparib therapy, hyperglycemia was observed in 56.2% of the analyzed OC patients, implying the need for glycemic monitoring during monthly routine check-ups to implement effective behavioral and therapeutic management.

Metabolic and Growth Outcome of Two-year Growth Hormone Treatment in Children Born Small for Gestational Age: A Retrospective Study.

Children born Small for Gestational Age (SGA) without early catch-up growth may show impaired growth rate, adult height, and metabolic profile [1]. Growth Hormone (GH) is recommended for their treatment, and it has been shown to have positive effects on growth and metabolic profile and good tolerability [2]. The study aimed to evaluate the auxological and metabolic effects and safety of GH treatment in SGA children. 34 SGA children (15 F, 19 M; mean age: 8.72 ± 2.48 yrs) treated with GH (starting dosage: 32.24 ± 2.88 mcg/kg/die) were evaluated every six months for 24 months with growth and metabolic parameters. After two years, SGA children showed a significant improvement in height, weight, and growth rate, already evident after six months (p < 0.001), with a constant, significant improvement in height throughout the treatment (p ≤ 0.03 T0 vs. T12, T12 vs. T24). Conversely, although significantly higher than baseline at each visit (p < 0.001), the growth rate significantly decreased from 6 to 18 months (p ≤ 0.015 T6 vs. T12, T12 vs. T18). During the follow-up, an increase in glycemia (p ≤ 0.042 vs. T12, T18) and urycemia (p ≤ 0.01 vs. T12, T18, and T24) and a decrease in AST (p ≤ 0.021 vs. T12, T18, and T24) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.03 vs. T24) were observed. Overall, treatment was found to be well tolerated, with poor compliance being the most frequent adverse event (11.8%) and no reported hyperglycemia. In conclusion, GH can be considered an effective, safe treatment in SGA children, improving height and growth rate, although proper metabolic follow-up is required.

Antidiabetic Activities and GC-MS Analysis of 4-Methoxychalcone

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that is mainly characterized by hyperglycemia. Chalcones and their derivatives have demonstrated promising pharmacological potential for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the study was to evaluate antidiabetic activities and analyze 4-methoxychalcone (MPP) using GC-MS. The compound was characterized using mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and headspace with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). MPP was evaluated via the inhibition of the alpha-glucosidase enzyme, cell viability and antiglycation and hemolytic activities in vitro. The study of the interaction between the bovine serum albumin protein and MPP was investigated via molecular docking. Oral sucrose tolerance and oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The HS-GC-MS method was able to accurately detect and characterize the compound, and the interaction between MPP and BSA revealed the remarkable affinity for the two main binding sites of BSA. This was confirmed by the in vitro antiglycation test, since MPP showed activity through both oxidative and non-oxidative stress. MPP significantly attenuated the increase in glycemia after glucose loading in STZ-induced diabetic mice. These results confirm that MPP has antihyperglycemic activity and may be an alternative for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Effects of statin therapy on diagnoses of new-onset diabetes and worsening glycaemia in large-scale randomised blinded statin trials: an individual participant data meta-analysis

Previous meta-analyses of summary data from randomised controlled trials have shown that statin therapy increases the risk of diabetes, but less is known about the size or timing of this effect, or who is at greatest risk. We aimed to address these gaps in knowledge through analysis of individual participant data from large, long-term, randomised, double-blind trials of statin therapy. We conducted a meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised controlled trials of statin therapy that participated in the CTT Collaboration. All double-blind randomised controlled trials of statin therapy of at least 2 years' scheduled duration and with at least 1000 participants were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. All recorded diabetes-related adverse events, treatments, and measures of glycaemia were sought from eligible trials. Meta-analyses assessed the effects of allocation to statin therapy on new-onset diabetes (defined by diabetes-related adverse events, use of new glucose-lowering medications, glucose concentrations, or HbA1c values) and on worsening glycaemia in people with diabetes (defined by complications of glucose control, increased use of glucose-lowering medication, or HbA1c increase of ≥0·5%). Standard inverse-variance-weighted meta-analyses of the effects on these outcomes were conducted according to a prespecified protocol. Of the trials participating in the CTT Collaboration, 19 trials compared statin versus placebo (123 940 participants, 25 701 [21%] with diabetes; median follow-up of 4·3 years), and four trials compared more versus less intensive statin therapy (30 724 participants, 5340 [17%] with diabetes, median follow-up of 4·9 years). Compared with placebo, allocation to low-intensity or moderate-intensity statin therapy resulted in a 10% proportional increase in new-onset diabetes (2420 of 39 179 participants assigned to receive a statin [1·3% per year] vs 2214 of 39 266 participants assigned to receive placebo [1·2% per year]; rate ratio [RR] 1·10, 95% CI 1·04-1·16), and allocation to high-intensity statin therapy resulted in a 36% proportional increase (1221 of 9935 participants assigned to receive a statin [4·8% per year] vs 905 of 9859 participants assigned to receive placebo [3·5% per year]; 1·36, 1·25-1·48). For each trial, the rate of new-onset diabetes among participants allocated to receive placebo depended mostly on the proportion of participants who had at least one follow-up HbA1c measurement; this proportion was much higher in the high-intensity than the low-intensity or moderate-intensity trials. Consequently, the main determinant of the magnitude of the absolute excesses in the two types of trial was the extent of HbA1c measurement rather than the proportional increase in risk associated with statin therapy. In participants without baseline diabetes, mean glucose increased by 0·04 mmol/L with both low-intensity or moderate-intensity (95% CI 0·03-0·05) and high-intensity statins (0·02-0·06), and mean HbA1c increased by 0·06% (0·00-0·12) with low-intensity or moderate-intensity statins and 0·08% (0·07-0·09) with high-intensity statins. Among those with a baseline measure of glycaemia, approximately 62% of new-onset diabetes cases were among participants who were already in the top quarter of the baseline distribution. The relative effects of statin therapy on new-onset diabetes were similar among different types of participants and over time. Among participants with baseline diabetes, the RRs for worsening glycaemia were 1·10 (1·06-1·14) for low-intensity or moderate-intensity statin therapy and 1·24 (1·06-1·44) for high-intensity statin therapy compared with placebo. Statins cause a moderate dose-dependent increase in new diagnoses of diabetes that is consistent with a small upwards shift in glycaemia, with the majority of new diagnoses of diabetes occurring in people with baseline glycaemic markers that are close to the diagnostic threshold for diabetes. Importantly, however, any theoretical adverse effects of statins on cardiovascular risk that might arise from these small increases in glycaemia (or, indeed, from any other mechanism) are already accounted for in the overall reduction in cardiovascular risk that is seen with statin therapy in these trials. These findings should further inform clinical guidelines regarding clinical management of people taking statin therapy. British Heart Foundation, UK Medical Research Council, and Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.

Glycemic State in Diabetic Patients during the Post-Stroke Recovery Phase.

Hyperglycemia is common in the early acute stroke phase especially in patients with diabetes. To the best of our knowledge, no study has evaluated the course of hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes during the post-stroke recovery phase. It was an observational study conducted in Tabassom Rehabilitation Center for Stroke Patients, Tehran, Iran, 2018-2021. Forty-seven consecutive patients with diabetes and stroke were enrolled and included if at least 3 months had passed from their stroke . Any change in glycemic control before and after stroke was controlled by monitoring drugs used for diabetes treatment and laboratory results. To assess categorical variables, the Pearson chi-squared test was used. Quantitative variables before and after the stroke were analyzed by the paired sample t-test. The mean age was 63.6 ± 6.9 years, and 22 patients were women. The median time from occurrence of stroke to the first visit was 5 months and 6 days. Glycemic control improved among patients with diabetes during the post-stroke recovery phase. There was a significant decrease of 0.7 ± 1.3 % in HbA1c (P = 0.001). The number and the dose of drugs needed for diabetes treatment decreased. No significant correlation could be found between changes in HbA1c and weight. Despite the initial increase in glycemia in patients with diabetes in the acute phase of stroke, glycemic control improves after stroke, and often, it is necessary to decrease diabetes drugs to prevent hypoglycemia. This topic is important and should be addressed by guidelines and institutions involved in the care of patients with diabetes and stroke.

Auxological and metabolic effects of long-term treatment with recombinant growth hormone in children born small for gestational age: a retrospective study.

Children born small for gestational age (SGA) not showing catch-up during the first two years of life reportedly show an impaired growth rate and adult height, as well as a worse metabolic outcome, mainly in terms of glycemic and lipid profile, compared to general population. In SGA children with short stature, treatment with recombinant growth hormone (GH) is currently recommended until adolescence; therefore, it may last long-term. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the auxological and metabolic effects and the safety of long-term recombinant GH treatment in SGA children. The study included 15 SGA children (5 F, 10 M; mean age: 6.78 yrs) treated with GH for at least 48 months. Growth and metabolic parameters, including glycemic and lipid profile, transaminases, and urycemia, were collected every six months. Compared to baseline, SGA children showed a significant improvement in height, weight, and growth rate after four yaers of treatment with GH (p ≤ 0.002), being already evident after six months of treatment (p < 0.001). Noteworthy, patients showed a constant, significant improvement in height throughout the treatment, as it was significantly higher at each follow-up compared to the previous one, until 42 months of treatment, except at 30 months of treatment (p < 0.001 T6VST12; p < 0.01 T12VST18, T18VST24; p < 0.05 T30VST36, T36VST42). Considering metabolic parameters, compared to baseline, a recurring increase in glycemia (p ≤ 0.028 vs T30, T36, and T48) and decrease in AST (p ≤ 0.035 vs T36, T42, and T48) and an occasional decrease in LDL cholesterol (p ≤ 0.04 vs T24 and T42) and triglycerides (p = 0.008 vs T18) and increase in urycemia (p = 0.034 vs T42). Considering safety profile, treatment was well tolerated, as the most frequently reported adverse event was poor compliance (20%); no hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia or hyperstransaminasemia occurred throughout the treatment, CONCLUSIONS: Long-term GH treatment showed to be effective in improving height and growth rate in SGA children, with a positive impact of metabolic profile and a safety profile, although glycemia should be carefully monitored over time.

The effects of isocaloric diets derived from different lipid sources on zebrafish.

Characterizing the effects of saturated fat intake on metabolic health and its changes remains a major challenge. Lipid diets, from different sources, vary widely in their physiological effects on health; therefore, it is important to consider the specific lipid source consumed. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the imposition of isocaloric diets with different lipid sources in zebrafish (fish oil/pork lard). Depicting how metabolic, morphological and behavioral parameters might express themselves in these fishes. Forty adult female fishes were used for the experiment. The animals were divided into a control group (C), fed with unsaturated fatty acid diet, and a saturated fatty acid group (Sat). They received food three times a day, during the 11-week period. The results showed that animals in the Sat group had increased body weight, with a difference relative to the C group, from the third week of diet until the end of the experiment. At the end of the last week, the Sat group had a body weight 32% higher (P=0.0182) than the body weight of the control group. The consumption of a diet rich in saturated fatty acids did not generate signs related to stress and anxiety in zebrafish. There was an increase in glycemia at T60 and T120, with a statistically significant difference between the two moments. Animals in the Sat group showed an increase (P=0.0086) in hepatic steatosis compared to animals in the control group. The results obtained on the relationship between diet and metabolic changes are fundamental to ensure the understanding and appropriate treatment of these problems.

Systemic inflammation and quality of life in patients with coronavirus disease: interrelation features.

Aim: To characterize the features of the interrelation of systemic inflammation with the quality of life of patients with coronary virus disease. Materials and Methods: 30 patients were examined 1 month after inpatient treatment for COVID-19. Quality of life (QoL) of patients was determined according to the questionnaire Medical Outcomes Study - 36-item Short Form (SF-36). The glucose level, circulating immune complexes (CICs), concentration of immunoglobulin (Ig) A, interleukin (IL)-8 and IL-33 levels were determined in the blood serum of patients. Results: QoL of patients after coronavirus disease is significantly deteriorated: patients note a significant limitation in physical functioning, pain perception, vitality, role-physical and social functioning and mental health. The increase in glycemia and glycated hemoglobin levels in post-COVID-19 patients was significantly associated with the deterioration of patients` general health (GH) (r = -0,228; (p=0,040) and (r = -0,280; (p=0,014), respectively). The IL-33 concentration in such patients correlated directly with role-physical functioning (RP) (r = 0,385; p=0,029). The CICs level decline was associated with deterioration of RP (r = 0,227; p=0,042) and GH (r = 0,227; p=0,041). Conclusions: The study of clinical-functional, biochemical, immunological and psychological indicators, quality of life, and their mutual influences should be included in the development of the program for the diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients after the transfer of COVID-19 at the outpatient stage of treatment by doctors of general practice-family medicine.

SAT045 Sexually Dimorphic Effects Of CCN5/WISP2 Overexpression On HFD-STZ Induced Diabetes And Glucose Intolerance

Abstract Disclosure: T. Alami: None. M. Zakikhani: None. V. Xega: None. J. Liu: None. Matricellular protein CCN5/WISP2 is a novel target of IGF-1 and WNT signaling within the pancreatic islets (1). Our previous works suggest that CCN5 promotes β-cell proliferation and survival via Akt/PKB and focal adhesion kinase. Last year, we reported sexually dimorphic effects of CCN5 knockout in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, supporting a trophic role of endogenous CCN5 expression on pancreatic islets, albeit mostly in male mice (PSUN136, ENDO 2022). In order to further establish the in vivo effect of CCN5 in a gain-of-function approach, we assessed aP2-CCN5 transgenic mice which overexpress CCN5 in adipose tissues (2). These mice have increased serum level of CCN5, lean body mass and whole-body energy expenditure and hyperplastic adipose and cardiac tissues. Obese aP2-CCN5 mice remained insulin sensitive, glucose tolerant with a reduced insulin level. We first fed wild-type and transgenic mice, both male and female, a 60% HFD (Research Diets, D12492) for two weeks before administering 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) injections for 5 days, every other day. (i) In male mice, the HFD-STZ induced a steady elevation in glycemia from ∼9 to 25 mM in 7 weeks; CCN5 overexpression slowed down and curtailed the elevation to only 16 mM, and improved glucose tolerance at 48 days, suggesting a partial but significant protection from diabetes. (ii) Using the same dose of STZ, female wild-type mice exhibited only a slight elevation in glycemia from 8 to 12 mM. However, female aP2-CCN5 mice displayed a steady increase in glycemia to 18 mM and significantly impaired glucose tolerance at 16 and 48 days, suggesting rather worsening diabetes due to CCN5. In both male and female mice, there was no obvious difference in insulin sensitivity at 21 days nor in the overall weight loss caused by STZ injections. We are still analyzing the corresponding changes in serum insulin level and β-cell morphometry. Our results further support the notion that increased CCN5 level protects the β-cells, although only in male mice. The female environment, however, would abolish CCN5-induced protection. (1) Chowdhury S, Wang X, Srikant CB, Li Q, Fu M, Gong YJ, Ning G, Liu JL. IGF-I stimulates CCN5/WISP2 gene expression in pancreatic beta-cells, which promotes cell proliferation and survival against streptozotocin. Endocrinology. 2014; 155: 1629-1642. (2) Grunberg JR, Hoffmann JM, Hedjazifar S, Nerstedt A, Jenndahl L, Elvin J, Castellot J, Wei L, Moverare-Skrtic S, Ohlsson C, Holm LM, Backhed F, Syed I, Bosch F, Saghatelian A, Kahn BB, Hammarstedt A, Smith U. Overexpressing the novel autocrine/endocrine adipokine WISP2 induces hyperplasia of the heart, white and brown adipose tissues and prevents insulin resistance. Sci Rep. 2017; 7:43515 Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Clinical and laboratory assessment of hormonal and metabolic disorders in experimental animals with alloxan, streptozotocin and dithizone diabetes

The basic place in experimental diabetology is engaged by chemical models of diabetes. In these patterns, β-cells in pancreatic islet tissue are selectively targeted by diverse agents. Pathogenetic mechanisms of hormonal and metabolic disorders in animals were studied on models of alloxan, streptozotocin and dithizone diabetes. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats. Three models of experimental diabetes were created. The groups were equal in terms of observation time (6, 12, 24 months) and number. A complex of laboratory-biochemical methods of lipid and protein metabolism was consumed. Serum enzymes were also determined. The level of glycemia in the studied animals after the introduction of alloxan and streptozotocin ranged from 13.4 to 18.6 mmol/l, glucosuria, polydipsia, polyphagia were observed. A significant (p&lt;0.01) increase in glycemia by 3.10 times, glycated hemoglobin - by 3.16 times, a decrease (p&lt;0.01) of IRI - by 3.76 times and C-peptide - by 2.05 times in animals with streptozotocin diabetes compared with intact animals. Serious lipid metabolism disorders were discovered in alloxan, streptozotocin, and especially dithizone diabetes (24 months of follow-up). This was manifested in a significant (p&lt;0.01) increase in the level of triglycerides - by 1.66 times, atherogenic index (p&lt;0.01) - by 4.43 times and a decrease (p&lt;0.05) in the level of HDL - by 1 43 times compared with the intact CI3 group, as well as an increase in FFA, TCH, LDL, VLDL. In animals with alloxan and dithizone diabetes, the functional activity of the pituitary gland was lessened (the level of growth hormone and CTH (p&lt;0.01), the adrenal cortex and pancreatic α-cells (p&lt;0.01), the activity of the sympathoadrenal system was enlarged, which was reaffirmed by a significant (p&lt;0.01) by an increase in the level of adrenaline, noradrenaline - by 1.42 times. An above pronounced suppression of the endocrine glands was observed in animals with streptozotocin diabetes.

Oral sugar and vasopressin: Possible alternative in the management of ovine pregnancy toxemia

Ovine pregnancy toxemia, a disease that affects adult ewes in the final stages of pregnancy and which is caused by a negative energy imbalance, requires the usage of dextrose substances for treatment. It has been proven that it is possible to induce reticular groove closure by means of an intravenous injection of lysine-vasopressin (LVP) at doses of 0.08 IU/kg B.W., which enables oral administration of glucose solutions that can be used in pregnancy toxemia therapy. The aim of this research is to compare the effectiveness of conventional treatment with i.v. glucose solution versus coadministration of LVP and a commercial sugar-water solution. This was administered orally to eight ewes to which we experimentally had provoked pregnancy toxemia by fasting. The use of commercial sugar, replacing other glucose solutions, could facilitate and cheapen the therapy for this disease significantly. The results obtained indicate that the joint administration of LVP and an oral solution of commercial sugar produce a noteworthy increase in glycaemia, which has a longer effect over time despite being less marked than with i.v. administration of glucose solution. Therefore, it could be used in the therapy of this disease. Besides, it is also able to normalize other parameters used to evaluate energy metabolism in ewes during the days of the trial.

Anti-hyperglycemic Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Carapa procera on Rats Submitted to a High-calorie Diet

Introduction: Remains today a metabolic disease that is gaining ground. It is linked to some health complications that lead to disastrous consequences in terms of loss of human life. It is necessary to take measures to stem this pathology. So, a plant species has been tested for its effect on hyperglycemia indicator of diabetes.&#x0D; Aim: Evaluate the anthyperglycemia effect of the aqueous extract of carapa procera bark.&#x0D; Methodology: The aqueous extract of the bark of Carapa procera was tested on rats subjected to a high-calorie diet and the biochemical parameters were evaluated. In addition, a phytochemical characterization was carried out.&#x0D; Results: The high-calorie diet caused an increase in weight as well as an increase of glycemia. The aqueous extract of Carapa procera stabilized the glycemia.&#x0D; Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Carapa procera has an antihyperglycemic activity.

1536-P: Effects of Sucralose vs. Sucrose on Hypothalamic Blood Flow, Glucose Signaling, and Appetite

Sucralose is a non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) commonly consumed to provide sweet taste without calories. Yet, some studies suggest NNS stimulate appetite, potentially by altering post-ingestive metabolic signals that communicate with the hypothalamus to reduce hunger. We tested the hypothesis that sucralose vs sucrose would elicit different metabolic, hypothalamic blood flow (BF) and appetite responses, and that post-ingestive increases in metabolic signals would be associated with reductions in hypothalamic BF and hunger. In a randomized cross-over trial, hypothalamic BF (measured by perfusion MRI), appetite ratings, and glucose/hormone responses were obtained before, 15 and 30 min after ingestion of drinks containing sucrose (75g) or sucralose (sweetness matched). Paired t-tests were used to compare sucralose vs sucrose on metabolic responses, hypothalamic BF, and appetite. Linear regression was used to examine associations between peripheral glucose, insulin, GLP-1 and hypothalamic BF and hunger. 76 adults (43F; 23.3±3.9 yrs; BMI 27.2±5) completed the study. Subjects reported increased hunger at 15 (p&amp;lt;.04) and 30min (p&amp;lt;.003) after sucralose vs sucrose. Peripheral glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 were lower after sucralose vs sucrose (all p&amp;lt;.0001). Glycemic response (whole hypothalamus (β=-.002, p=.05), medial subfield (β=−.005, p&amp;lt;.006)), but not insulin or GLP-1, was associated with the hypothalamic response to sucrose at 30 min, controlling for age, sex, BMI. These associations were not observed after sucralose (β=.008 p=.2). The medial hypothalamic response predicted hunger response after both drinks (β=1.79, p&amp;lt;.02). Sucralose vs sucrose elicited disparate metabolic, hypothalamic, and hunger responses. Sucrose-induced increases in glycemia were associated with reductions in medial hypothalamic BF, which was linked to reduced hunger. Compared to sucrose, post-ingestive signaling responses were altered after sucralose, which may affect appetite. Disclosure S.P.Chakravartti: None. K.A.Page: None. S.Kullmann: None. R.Veit: None. A.G.Yunker: None. B.C.Angelo: None. K.Jann: None. S.H.Luo: None. A.Xiang: None. J.R.Monterosso: None. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK102794)