Increase In Body Temperature Research Articles

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERIAN KOMPRES DAUN JARAK DAN BERAS UNTUK MENURUNKAN SUHU TUBUH ANAK PADA KASUS HIPERTERMI

Hyperthermia is a condition where the body temperature increases, which can be dangerous if not treated properly. The use of compresses as a method of reducing body temperature is a concern. Fever is a change in condition from healthy to sick causing the body's reaction to increase the temperature, where the body temperature is higher than 37.5°C. There are several ways to reduce and control fever which can be done, one of which is non-pharmacological, namely by giving a compress, one method of compressing is by giving a compress with castor leaves and several grains of rice. Castor leaves compress is known to be effective in reducing children's fever because of its content. compounds such as phenols, flavonoid saponins and alkaloid compounds. Jatropha leaves also contain active compounds such as flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, quercetin, polyphenolic compounds and stredoids while soaked rice is very effective in accelerating the release of heat from the body because it contains nutrients, namely amino acids, vitamin B, vitamin E, minerals and antioxidant substances

Mortality-related factors in older adults with delirium: A prospective observational study

BackgroundDelirium is a common and serious neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by acute changes in attention, cognition, and consciousness. It is frequently encountered in various clinical settings, including critical care units and postoperative care, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding the factors contributing to delirium-related mortality is crucial for improving patient outcomes and healthcare practices. However, the factors associated with mortality in delirium have not been well-defined in the literature. ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify factors influencing 3-month mortality in older adults with delirium presenting to the emergency department (ED). MethodsThe study was conducted prospectively and delirium was screened using the brief Confusion Assesment Method (bCAM). The primary outcome was 3-month mortality. Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests compared groups, Spearman correlation analyzed correlations, and multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors. ResultsAmong 243 patients, 29.6% experienced in-hospital mortality, and 56.4% had 3-month mortality. Factors associated with increased mortality risk included prior delirium history (3.32-fold increase, 95%CI: 1.51-7.30), active malignancy (3.49-fold increase, 95%CI: 1.61-7.56) and increased respiratory rate (1.18-fold increase, 95%CI: 1.08-1.29). An increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was associated with a 0.98-fold decrease in mortality risk (95%CI: 0.96-0.99), increase in body temperature was associated with a 0.48-fold decrease in mortality risk (95%CI:0.31-0.76). ConclusionIn delirious older adults at the ED, higher respiratory rate, lower MAP, lower body temperature, active malignancy and prior delirium history signal elevated mortality risk.

The Impact of Methamphetamine on Liver Injury in Iraqi Male Addicts

Methamphetamine (METH) is a powerful stimulant that affects neurochemical processes controlling heart rate, appetite, blood pressure, body temperature, and wakefulness, making it highly susceptible to abuse. Liver enzymes such as ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT are crucial for liver function. Albumin, a protein synthesized by healthy liver cells, serves as an indicator of chronic liver disease. Additionally, hepatocytes produce bile acids, which are essential for the secretion of bile salts into the bile canaliculi. Disruption in this secretion results in the accumulation of bile salts in the canaliculi, leading to intrahepatic cholestasis. METH-induced liver toxicity involves disruptions in hepatic metabolism, oxidative stress, and increased body temperature, affecting cellular processes such as cell division and the cell cycle and potentially accelerating liver cell apoptosis. The study explores the link between liver toxicity and hepatocyte damage in Iraqi males suffering from addiction. This is a case-control study, conducted at Ibn-Rushed Psychiatric Hospital in Baghdad from July 2023 to February 2024, involved 196 males, with addiction durations exceeding 24 months with varying degrees of methamphetamine (METH) addiction. The study included 187 healthy male controls with no history of drug addiction. Participants were aged 18 to 40 years. Diagnosis was confirmed using a drug test screening card administered by a specialist. The study included liver function tests (ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT), total bilirubin, and albumin concentration assessments. Significant differences were observed between the addicts and controls, particularly a marked decrease in serum albumin concentration in the addicted males. The ROC curve classification model at various thresholds demonstrated that liver enzymes, especially ALT, ALP, and GGT, exhibited increased sensitivity to METH addiction. A histopathological examination was conducted on a deceased 38-year-old male who had a six-year history of chronic amphetamine addiction to confirm liver injury and the resulting elevation of liver enzymes. The findings of this study indicate that METH greatly affects liver function, suggested to the importance of following a preventative measures and effective treatment approaches for monitoring METH addiction progress.

Impact of relative lower-limb length on heat loss and body temperature during running.

Long lower limbs relative to body size are thought to be an adaptation to prevent excessive increases in body temperature during running in hot climate. The advantage of long lower limbs relative to body size is usually explained by an increase in body surface area relative to mass; however, the influence of limb length on relative body surface area was shown to be minor. We aimed to experimentally test the effect of relative lower-limb length (LLL) on body temperature changes during running. Furthermore, we tested the effect of relative LLL on relative body surface area. Adult men (n = 37) ran for 40 min on a treadmill, while their core temperature (ingestible thermometer), skin temperature (infrared thermography), and oxygen consumption (indirect calorimetry) were measured. Relative LLL was calculated as residuals from linear regression of LLL on stature. Linear regression was used to test the effect of relative LLL on standardized heat loss (heat loss/heat production), mean body temperature (weighted mean of skin and core temperatures), and body surface area. Relative LLL had a positive effect on standardized heat loss and a negative effect on mean body temperature change during running. Relative LLL had a positive effect on the proportion of body surface area allocated to the lower limbs but not on the relative body surface area. The reduced increase in mean body temperature associated with long lower limbs suggests an advantage of relatively long lower limbs for greater endurance and speed during persistence hunting or contemporary running events.

Effect of Using Polyethylene Plastic Bags against Increased and Stable Body Temperature in Low Birth Weight Babies (LBW) in the Nicu Room of SLG Kediri Hospital

Background: Low Birth Weight Babies often experience unstable body temperature which tends to be low/hypothermia. The method to prevent hypothermia is to use polyethylene plastic bags. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of using polyethylene plastic bags in the increase and stability of body temperature in LBW in the NICU room at SLG Kediri Hospital. Method: The design of this study was Quasy Experimental, using Pre Test and Post Test approaches. Sampling by Accidental Sampling. This study was conducted on 30 BBLR babies with a weight of < 2500 grams. Data collection through observation sheets with the time of conducting research in November-December 2023 in the NICU room of SLG Kediri Hospital. Data analysis used to test the influence of two variables in this study is the Wilcoxon. Results: It is known that the pre-test body temperature before the intervention using polyethylene plastic bags was < 36.5 ℃ for 28 out of 30 respondents (93%). And those who experienced an increase and stability in body temperature were 26 respondents (87%), and 4 respondents did not experience an increase and stability in body temperature. The statistical test in this study used the Wilcoxon test, the results of this statistical test obtained the Asymp value. Sig = 0.000. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted. This means that there is a difference between the results of body temperature measurements for the pre-test and post-test. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of the use of polyethylene plastic bags on the increase and stability of body temperature in low birth weight (LBW) babies in the NICU room at SLG Kediri Hospital. The use of polyethylene plastic bags appropriately can reduce evaporation and heat loss. Plastic as a thermoplastic polymer group can prevent heat loss caused by evaporation and radiation, so as to increase the baby's temperature. In this study the baby was still placed in the incubator.

Annonaceous acetogenins mimic AA005 targets mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme alpha subunit to treat obesity in male mice

Obesity and related diseases pose a major health risk, yet current anti-obesity drugs inadequately addressing clinical needs. Here we show AA005, an annonaceous acetogenin mimic, resists obesity induced by high-fat diets and leptin mutations at non-toxic doses, with the alpha subunit of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein (HADHA) as a target identified through proteomics and in vitro validation. Pharmacokinetic analysis shows AA005 enriches in adipose tissue, prompting the creation of adipose-specific Hadha-deficient mice. These mice significantly mitigate diet-induced obesity, echoing AA005’s anti-obesity effects. AA005 treatment and Hadha deletion in adipose tissues increase body temperature and energy expenditure in high-fat diet-fed mice. The beneficial impact of AA005 on obesity mitigation is ineffective without uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), essential for thermogenesis regulation. Our investigation shows the interaction between AA005 and HADHA in mitochondria, activating the UCP1-mediated thermogenic pathway. This substantiates AA005 as a promising compound for obesity treatment, targeting HADHA specifically.

Heat stress: a major threat to ruminant reproduction and mitigating strategies.

Stress is an external event or condition that puts pressure on a biological system. Heat stress is defined as the combination of internal and external factors acting on an animal to cause an increase in body temperature and elicit a physiological response. Heat stress is a set of conditions caused by overexposure to or overexertion at excess ambient temperature and leads to the inability of animals to dissipate enough heat to sustain homeostasis. Heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and cramps are among the symptoms. For the majority of mammalian species, including ruminants, heat stress has a negative impact on physiological, reproductive, and nutritional requirements. Reproductive functions, including the male and female reproductive systems, are negatively affected by heat stress. It decreases libido and spermatogenic activity in males and negatively affects follicle development, oogenesis, oocyte maturation, fertilization, implantation, and embryo-fetal development in females. These effects lead to a decrease in the rate of reproduction and financial losses for the livestock industry. Understanding the impact of heat stress on reproductive tissues will aid in the development of strategies for preventing heat stress and improving reproductive functions. Modification of the microenvironment, nutritional control, genetic development of heat-tolerant breeds, hormonal treatment, estrous synchronization, timed artificial insemination, and embryo transfer are among the strategies used to reduce the detrimental effects of heat stress on reproduction. These strategies may also increase the likelihood of establishing pregnancy in farm animals.

Oral rehydration in diarrhea: from history to current guidelines. A review

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is usually defined as a change in stool consistency (liquid or unformed) and/or an increase in the frequency of bowel movements, which can also be accompanied by vomiting and fever. Fever increases the metabolic rate by more than 1.5 times; for every 1°C increase in body temperature, fluid loss increases by 10%. AGE is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among infants and children. The prognosis is favorable if the condition is recognized promptly and appropriate treatment is started. The main goal of AGE therapy is to restore water balance and prevent dehydration, which can be achieved with an oral rehydration solution. The composition and proportion of the components of rehydration agents are described in the guidelines of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, of which the Russian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterologists is a collective member, and such agents are fully consistent with the balanced formulations of RehydroStandard and Rehydron Bio rehydration agents. The latter includes the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, well studied and recommended by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition for acute intestinal infections since this strain reduces the duration and severity of diarrhea according to the results of studies. Rehydron Bio and RehydroStandard can be recommended for use in clinical pediatric practice.

Gut microbiota is involved in leptin-induced thermoregulation in Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).

Leptin is a hormone that secreted by adipocytes and may promote energy expenditure by increasing thermogenesis. Our previous studies have shown that thermo-transient receptor potentials (thermo-TRPs) and gut microbiota are associated with thermoregulation in Mongolian gerbils, which are characterized by relative high serum leptin concentrations. Here, we test whether leptin can stimulate non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) in Mongolian gerbils, and whether thermo-TRPs and gut microbiota are involved in leptin-induced thermogenesis. First, gerbils were given acute leptin treatment (ALT) with different doses. Results showed that ALT significantly increased the body temperature of gerbils and change the composition of gut microbiota. Moreover, ALT groups showed a trend towards increased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Then, we investigated the effect of chronic leptin treatment (CLT) on gerbils. Surprisingly, CLT did not affect gerbils' food intake and body weight, but it significantly increased the body temperature at the end. Besides, CLT did not affect the expression of thermogenic markers in BAT, white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle. However, CLT increased the expression of leptin receptors and TRPV2 in the small intestine and affected the composition of gut microbiota. Together, our data suggest leptin may increase body temperature by regulating gut microbiota. In conclusion, the Mongolian gerbils with serum hyperleptin is beneficial for adapting the cold living environments, and TRPV2 and gut microbiota are involved.

Linseed oil supplementation alters milk fatty acid profile, mitigates heat stress, and improves summer milk yield in grazing dairy cows.

Dietary supplementation of fat can be an important source of energy to compensate for the reduction in dry matter intake in dairy cows during heat stress periods. Studies have reported that supplementing dairy cow diets with linseed oil (LO) can increase milk yield and enhance the levels of beneficial fatty acids, such as omega-3 fatty acids, in the milk. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of LO supplementation on milk fatty acids profile, milk yield and composition, and physiological parameters of grazing cows. The study was conducted in two seasons, one in spring and one in summer. A 2 × 2 Latin square design was used in each experiment. Twelve Holstein and crossbred Holstein x Jersey cows were involved in each season. Cows were divided into two groups: control (TC) with no supplementation and treatment (TL) supplemented with 400g/day of LO. The results showed that LO supplementation altered the milk fatty acid profile: decreased concentrations of short and medium-chain fatty acids (C10:0 - C17:1) except for C13:0 and increased concentrations of long-chain fatty acids (C18, C18:1 (both trans and cis isomers), C18:2 (specific conjugated linoleic acid - CLA isomers), and C18:3 n3 (omega-3)). Additionally, milk yield increased by 1.5l per day during summer in LO-supplemented cows, while milk fat, protein, and casein content decreased. Milk stability increased by 2.2% in the LO-supplemented group. LO-supplemented cows reduced internal body temperature and heart frequency in the afternoon and increased daily rumination time by 20min. In conclusion, LO supplementation can be an effective strategy to improve the nutritional profile of milk by altering fatty acid composition towards potentially healthier fats, mitigate the negative effects of heat stress on grazing cows during summer, as evidenced by reduced body temperature and heart frequency and increase milk yield.

Implementasi Hot Pack Untuk Peningkatan Suhu Tubuh Pada Pasien Hipotermi Pasca Operasi

Introduction: As a kind of therapy, surgery involves cutting into the patient in order to reach the targeted location of the body. The risk of hypothermia is a potential consequence of anesthesia. A dangerous drop in core temperature, below 36 degrees Celsius, causes hypothermia. One way to alleviate cold symptoms is using a warm compress. An alternative to using hot packs to raise core temperature is a warm compress. Hot packs have many advantages over buli-buli, the most notable of which is that they can be reused and never run out of steam. Objective: This community service activity is to implement hot packs on hypothermic patients. Method: As part of their community service, volunteers take patients' temperatures using electronic thermometers. Including thirty individuals who were found to have hypothermia. Result: Impact of Volunteer Work Hypothermia after administration of a hot pack, with a pre-package average temperature of 35.20 degrees Celsius Average core temperature before administration of the hot pack: 36.50 °C Body temperature values ranged from 34.10C before implementation to 36.70C thereafter, with a low value of 35.10C and a high value of 35.90C before and after, respectively. Conclusion: This proves that there is an increase in body temperature in hypothermic patients after implementing Hot packs.

Prophylactic antibiotic therapy during endovascular closure of patent foramen ovale: a clinical study

Purpose of the study. To study the effect of prophylactic antibiotic therapy on the course of the postoperative period in patients undergoing endovascular closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO). Material and methods. The study included 276 patients who were submitted to endovascular closure of PFO. The follow-up duration was 12 months. Depending on prophylactic antibiotic therapy the patients were divided into 2 groups - those who did not receive and those who received prophylactic antibiotic therapy (115 and 161 patients, respectively). Results. Cephalosporins were prescribed to patients as prophylactic antibiotic therapy, and in the presence of allergic reactions they were replaced by glycopeptides. In total, patients received 1 to 2 drugs per prophylaxis course. Postoperative complications were present in 37 (22.98 %) patients who received prophylactic antibiotic therapy and 12 (10.43 %) who did not receive prophylaxis (p = 0.007). Access site complications were the most identified, but they were not inflammatory in nature. An elevation of body temperature over 37.1 °C was observed in 19 (11.80 %) patients receiving prophylactic antibiotic therapy compared to 5 (4.35 %) who did not receive prophylaxis (p = 0.03). Meanwhile, marked leukocytosis was absent in both groups. The duration of body temperature elevation did not differ between the groups. They also had a longer duration of hospitalization, 7.00 [6.00; 8.00] bed days, compared to 6.00 [4.00; 7.00]. Discussion. It has been suggested that hyperthermia may be associated with prophylactic administration of antibacterial drugs causing death of persistent microflora. In patients who did not receive prophylactic antibiotic therapy, their concentration was lower, which did not lead to an increase in body temperature. Since there are no indications on the necessity of prophylactic antibiotic therapy before endovascular closure of PFO in clinical recommendations, it is suggested to evaluate its appropriateness for each patient individually.

Effectiveness of Aloe Vera and Cabbage Leaf Compress on Breast Swelling Pain in Post-Partners in Bogor Barat District, Bogor City

ASEAN data in 2022 stated that 76,543 postpartum mothers experienced breast engorgement. 17.2 million postpartum mothers worldwide experience breast pain problems while breastfeeding. In Indonesia, the incidence of breastfeeding mothers experiencing breast engorgement reached the highest figure of 37.2% and 16% of working breastfeeding mothers experienced breast engorgement. Breast engorgement is interpreted as increased venous and lymph flow in the breasts to prepare for lactation. This is due to overdistension of the lactation ducts, causing breast swelling pain, and breast engorgement accompanied by an increase in body temperature. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest two-group design. The sample consisted of 30 postpartum mothers who experienced breast engorgement pain and were divided into 2 intervention groups, namely aloe vera compresses and cabbage compresses, the intervention was carried out for 14 days. The instrument used was the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Data were analyzed using the Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test. In the Independent Sample T-Test, the p-value of the VAS scale for the aloe vera group was 0.019 <0.05 with an average score of 2.0 and the VAS scale for the cabbage group was 0.037 <0.05 with an average score of 1.87.

Myricetin-loaded SBA-15 silica nanoparticles for enhanced management of pyrexia, pain, and inflammation through modulation of MAPK/NF-κB and COX-2/PGE-2 pathways: Evidence from the biochemical, histological, and metabolomic analysis

Myricetin (MYR) is a natural flavonoid that has several biological functions. However, some of its beneficial effects are diminished due to low water solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Herein, several kinds of silica nanoparticles (MCM-41 and SBA-15) were loaded with MYR to improve its biological activity as an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory component, thereby overcoming its drawbacks. The nanoparticles (MYR@SBA-15) were formulated optimally, transforming MYR into an amorphous state. This transformation was confirmed via several strategies, including differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and powder x-ray diffraction. As a result, there was a significant enhancement in the solubility and rate of dissolution in water. The anti-inflammatory benefits as an innovative strategy and the underlying mechanism of action of MYR and its SBA-15 silica nanoparticles (MYR@SBA-15) were investigated based on the biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, and metabolomic assays alongside their antipyretic and analgesic characteristics. Compared to the usage of raw MYR, the administration of MYR@SBA-15 at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg significantly decreases pain perception by inhibiting the body’s writhing motions induced by acetic acid. Furthermore, it helps regulate increased body temperature caused by baking yeast and effectively stabilizes it. It reduces the release of NO and PGE-2 in a concentration-dependent manner by down-regulating iNOS and COX-2 expression in the inflammatory model. MYR and MYR@SBA-15 also inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB, downregulate the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38, ERK1/2, and JNK protein, and reduce the generation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α. In addition, inflammatory cardinal signs like paw edema caused by carrageenan in rats are greatly suppressed by MYR and MYR@SBA-15 treatment when compared to the untreated group. More noteworthy outcomes are shown in the MYR@SBA-15, particularly at a dose of 100 mg/kg. These results of biochemical and immuno-histochemistry suggest that MYR@SBA-15 may be a useful analgesic antipyretic and may also help reduce inflammation by altering MAPKs/NF-κB and COX-2/PGE-2 signaling cascades. Serum metabolomics study demonstrated modifications in various low molecular weight metabolites with arthritis development. These metabolite levels were restored to normal when MYR@SBA-15 was administered via modulating several metabolic pathways, i.e., pyrimidine, energy metabolism, and proteins. Overall, MYR-loaded SBA-15 silica nanoparticles have demonstrated significant promise in enhancing the disturbed metaboloic pathways and providing a substantial capacity to regulate several oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators.

Brown fat fuels the fire in fever

Fever is a host-pathogen defense mechanism in which the immune system drives a physiologic increase in core body temperature. For over 50 years, it has been known that the temperature of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is increased during the febrile response. However, recent studies suggested that the primary thermogenic protein Uncoupling protein 1 in brown adipocytes does not contribute to fever induction in mice, casting doubt about the functional contribution of BAT to fever. In a new set of studies, Li et al. (2024) provide compelling evidence that fatty acid oxidation is markedly increased in BAT in a Salmonella infection model of fever and strongly suggest that metabolic adaptation in BAT may play a critical role in the febrile response. This article re-opens the debate about how thermogenic and metabolic programs in BAT contribute to fever and raises new questions about whether BAT contributes to host defense against pathogens.

POSTOPERATIVE HYPOTHERMIA CONTROL: EFFECT OF ELECTRIC AND WOOLLEN BLANKET

Postoperative hypothermia is very common in elderly patients. It causes severe surgical complications resulting in depletion of reserves in total knee arthroplasty(TKA) patients. Normothermia should, therefore, be maintained in those patients. Purpose was to determine the effect of using both electric and woolen blankets on the management of postoperative hypothermia in TKA patients. This experimental study was conducted in a public hospital in Turkey. The study sample consisted of 46 patients equally divided into two groups. Experimental participants used both electric and wool blankets while control participants received routine care. Body temperature, feeling cold, and shivering were repeatedly measured before and after surgery. Control participants had significantly higher body temperatures in their rooms after surgery and in the first 15 minutes than experimental participants. Experimental participants showed a more rapid rise in body temperature than control participants. Using both wool and electric blankets increased body temperature.

Features of diagnostics and therapy of familial Mediterranean fever

The purpose of this work is to attempt to provide an overview of current recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of familial Mediterranean fever, as well as to present our own clinical observation of this pathology. A selective analysis of the literature over the past 5 years (2020-2024) was carried out in the scientometric databases PubMed (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) and the Russian Science Citation Index (www.elibrary.ru). Current data on the autoinflammatory disease familial Mediterranean fever are reviewed. It is important to understand the fact that this pathological condition can be combined with a wide range of autoimmune diseases. The lack of therapy is dangerous for the development of serious complications (systemic amyloidosis). Attention is drawn to the use of colchicine, as well as in the case of colchicine resistance and insufficient effectiveness of colchicine – IL-1 inhibitors. We present our own clinical observation of this disease with an emphasis on the features of the course and stages of therapy for this pathology. A young man, Armenian, was treated for 3 years due to acute conditions with an increase in body temperature to febrile levels, severe abdominal pain and moderate arthralgia. The conditions were accompanied by leukocytosis and increased CRP, but no signs of acute surgical disease were detected. After a molecular genetic study, the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever was verified. Colchicine was prescribed, which helped stop many manifestations of the disease; she has been taking it regularly for 5 years. Currently, episodes of exacerbations have become significantly less frequent, laboratory markers of acute inflammation have normalized, but the use of colchicine in the maximum daily dose causes abdominal discomfort. Rare episodes of exacerbations during treatment suggest insufficient effectiveness of this drug. An option to achieve results in such a situation is to use a class of genetically engineered biological drugs such as IL-1 inhibitors. Familial Mediterranean fever is a rare pathological condition, but doctors of various clinical specialties should be wary of its detection. Achieving treatment success requires constant monitoring of the patient’s condition, prescribing therapy with colchicine or IL-1 inhibitors from the moment of diagnosis.

Short duration heatwaves increase body temperature and alter blood gas balance but may not cause oxidative stress and intestinal structure variations in lambs

This study investigated the impact of short duration heatwaves (HW) on the body temperature, blood gas, intestinal histology, and oxidative stress parameters of second cross lambs. Seventy-two second cross lambs [Poll Dorset × (Border Leicester × Merino)] were selected and exposed to either one, three or five days HW (28–38°C and 40–60 % relative humidity (RH)) or thermoneutral (TN; 18–21°C, 40–55 % RH) conditions in climate-controlled chambers. Lambs exposed to one to five days HW exhibited higher face, eye and ear temperature compared to animals exposed to equal duration under TN conditions. HW also had a significant impact on blood gas parameters which include higher blood pH, and lower CO2, Ca2+, Na+, CHCO3- and Cl-. However, HW lambs’ histology structure of the ileum and the GSSG: GSH of the ileum and Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle were not influenced (P > 0.05) by HW. LT muscle showed higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in HW conditions, but the TAC of intestine and blood had no difference between HW and TN groups. These results suggest that short-duration HW (one to five days) had a significant impact on lambs’ body temperature and blood parameters, but neither caused oxidative stress nor any changes in their intestinal structure.

Subcutaneous and orally self-administered high-dose carprofen shows favorable pharmacokinetic and tolerability profiles in male and female C57BL/6J mice.

Surgical interventions in mice require appropriate pain relief to ensure animal welfare and to avoid influence of pain on research findings. Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used as an analgesic for interventions inducing mild to moderate pain in laboratory rodents. Despite its frequent use, species-specific data on pharmacokinetics (PK), side effects, and potential impact on behavioral pain indicators are limited. We determined PK and tolerability profiles of carprofen in healthy male and female C57BL/6J mice (n = 42), administered at highest recommended doses via single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection (20 mg/kg) and oral self-administration (25 mg/kg/24 h) per drinking water (d.w.) for 5 days. Plasma concentrations were measured at various time points after the start of the treatment (n = 6 per time point), and side effects were evaluated using a modified Irwin test battery, hematology, and histopathology. Additionally, potential interference with cage-side behaviors commonly used for pain assessment, such as the mouse grimace scale, wheel running, burrowing, nesting, and grooming activity, was investigated. Maximum plasma concentrations of 133.4 ± 11.3 μg/ml were reached 1 h after single s.c. injection with an elimination half-life of 8.52 h. Intake from d.w. resulted in a steady state within 24 h after the start of the treatment with plasma levels of around 60 μg/ml over 5 days in both sexes. The medicated water was well-accepted, and increased d.w. intake was observed in the first 24 h after exposure (p < 0.0001). The Irwin test revealed only minor influence on tested behavior and physiological functions. However, during treatment via d.w., an increase in body temperature (p < 0.0001) was observed, as well as a reduction in voluntary wheel running activity by 49-70% in male mice. Moreover, grooming behavior was slightly affected. Hematology and histopathology were without pathological findings that could be attributed to carprofen treatment. High-dose carprofen can be considered safe and of favorable PK for both administration routes assessed in healthy C57BL/6J mice of both sexes. Further efficacy evaluation of carprofen as monoanalgesic or component of multimodal post-surgical regimens is clearly encouraged; however, the impact on behavioral markers used for pain assessment should be considered in this context.

Neurobehavioral assessment of BMEDA by modified Irwin test in Sprague-Dawley rats

The neurobehavioral assessment of N,N-bis(2-mercapatoethly)-N′,N′-diethylenediamine (BMEDA), which can form a chelate with rhenium-188 (188Re) to produce the 188Re-BMEDA-liposome, was evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential neurobehavioral changes by using the functional observational battery observation procedures when intravenous injection of BMEDA to Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were administered BMEDA at dose levels of 1, 2, and 5 mg/kg. No mortalities were observed. There are some observations related to BMEDA treatment found in the 5 mg/kg dose group at 10 min post-dose. Tremor was observed in one male rat and seven female rats. The increased respiration, vocalization, not easy to handle and/or loss of tone in the limb were observed in both males and females, and increased body temperature was observed in male animals. Based on the results, a single intravenous dose of BMEDA administered to rats resulted in increased respiration, vocalization, not easy to handle and/or loss of tone in the limb increasing at the dose level of 5 mg/kg. No neurobehavioral effects were noted after BMEDA administration up to the dose level of 2 mg/kg. The information of this study will provides a point of reference to design appropriately therapeutic studies for future human use.