In connection with the ongoing climatic changes, the tasks of monitoring the climate of the high-mountainous zone of the Caucasus are of particular importance. Climatological studies in this work are based on the material of long-term meteorological observations from 1961 to 2020. according to the Terskol weather station. Correlation analysis showed the spatial homogeneity of temperature changes in Terskol and weather stations of all climatic zones of southern Russia, in contrast to the regional precipitation regime with a small scale of coherence (up to 200 km). In the modern period (1991-2020), the change in average temperatures in comparison with climatic norms (1961-1990) is not confirmed by statistical estimates, with the exception of the summer season. Over the 60-year period, from 1961 to 2020, there was a statistically significant increase in average summer temperatures by 0.31 °C/10 years (D = 26.8%). At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries a steady increase in winter, spring and annual temperatures is formed, while summer temperatures maintain a positive trend, but statistically insignificant at this time interval. Period from 2006 characterized by the addition of a statistically significant increase in the absolute maximums of all seasonal temperatures, in contrast to the sums and daily maximum precipitation, the decrease in which in the winter season is statistically insignificant, and there are no trends in other seasons. Such a prevailing thermal and precipitation regime in recent decades has become the main component of many factors leading to dangerous slope phenomena, glacier degradation and significant changes in the hydrological regime.