Increase In Percentage Of Neutrophils Research Articles

Iron citrate Synthesit: impact on blood parameters in non-iron deficient models

Iron's significance extends beyond treating anemia, impacting various disorders. However, studies on iron-fortified diets in healthy subjects are limited. To evaluate the effects of Synthesit iron citrate on biochemical, hematological parameters, and body weight in aged rhesus macaques, and its safety in SHK-line mice. An experimental study involved SHK mice and rhesus macaques receiving Synthesit iron citrate, with blood parameters, histology, hematopoietic stem cells, and biochemistry monitored over 30 days (14 mice) and six weeks (8 macaques). The study shows increased hematopoietic cell types and mitosis index, with significant increases in Myelokaryocyte count (32.4%), megakaryocyte count (3.7-fold), myeloblast count (1.7-fold), mononuclear cell count (2.5-fold), erythroblast count (4-fold), and reticulocytes (13.3%). In macaques, supplementation initially reduced erythrocyte count, followed by recovery, while thrombocyte count increased initially but decreased post-supplementation. Leukocyte analysis showed varied responses, with a decrease in monocyte and lymphocyte but an increase in neutrophil percentage. Biochemical analyses revealed improvements in glucose (baseline: 4.36 ± 0.32 mmol/l vs day 43: 3.30 ± 1.06 mmol/l), cholesterol (baseline: 4.563 ± 0.799 mmol/l vs day 29: 2.84 ± 0.88 mmol/l), and triglyceride levels (baseline: 1.49 ± 0.63 mmol/l vs day 29: 0.70 ± 0.34 mmol/l). The novel study reveals the effects of iron citrate synthesis in non-iron deficient models into the blood parameters which has metabolic potential. In conclusion, Synthesit® iron citrate supplementation exhibits promising effects on hematopoiesis and metabolic parameters in murine and primate models.

Serum YKL-40 Levels, Leukocyte Profiles, and Acute Exacerbations of Advanced COPD.

Little information exists on YKL-40-a key protein in tissue remodeling-and complete blood count (CBC) parameters during acute exacerbations of advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This pilot exploratory study (August 2020-January 2021) investigated the connection between serum YKL-40 levels and CBC profile in sex- and age-matched individuals with severe COPD (GOLD stage III, n = 23, median age = 66 years, 65.21% males) and very severe COPD (GOLD stage IV, n = 24, median age = 66.5 years, 74.81% males). The measured parameters were serum YKL-40, absolute leukocyte count (ALLC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil percentage, absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), lymphocyte percentage, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), absolute eosinophil count (AEC), eosinophil percentage, absolute monocyte count (AMC), monocyte percentage, absolute basophil count (ABC), basophil percentage, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit concentrations. No significant inter-group differences were observed. However, high YKL-40 subjects (n = 23)-as stratified via median YKL-40 (3934.5 pg/mL)-showed significantly increased neutrophil percentage and NLR but significantly lower lymphocyte-, eosinophil-, and basophil-related parameters compared to low YKL-40 patients (n = 24). These results reveal multidimensional, YKL-40-associated changes in leukocyte profile of patients with advanced COPD during acute exacerbations, with potential implications for personalized treatment.

Increased Neutrophil Percentage and Neutrophil-T Cell Ratio Precedes Clinical Onset of Experimental Cerebral Malaria.

Newly emerging data suggest that several neutrophil defense mechanisms may play a role in both aggravating and protecting against malaria. These exciting findings suggest that the balance of these cells in the host body may have an impact on the pathogenesis of malaria. To fully understand the role of neutrophils in severe forms of malaria, such as cerebral malaria (CM), it is critical to gain a comprehensive understanding of their behavior and functions. This study investigated the dynamics of neutrophil and T cell responses in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA, murine models of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) and non-cerebral experimental malaria, respectively. The results demonstrated an increase in neutrophil percentage and neutrophil-T cell ratios in the spleen and blood before the development of clinical signs of ECM, which is a phenomenon not observed in the non-susceptible model of cerebral malaria. Furthermore, despite the development of distinct forms of malaria in the two strains of infected animals, parasitemia levels showed equivalent increases throughout the infection period evaluated. These findings suggest that the neutrophil percentage and neutrophil-T cell ratios may be valuable predictive tools for assessing the dynamics and composition of immune responses involved in the determinism of ECM development, thus contributing to the advancing of our understanding of its pathogenesis.

Clinical features of children with coronavirus disease 2019 in different age groups during the epidemic of Omicron variant

To study the differences in the clinical features of children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in different age groups during the epidemic of Omicron variant. A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 211 children with COVID-19 who were admitted to the Department of General Pediatrics, Zhongshan People's Hospital, from December 9, 2022 to January 8, 2023. According to their age, they were divided into 4 groups: 1 month-<1 year (n=84), 1-<3 years group (n=64), 3-<5 years (n=29), and ≥5 years (n=34). The above groups were compared in terms of general status, clinical features, ancillary examination results, treatment, and outcome. The children aged <3 years accounted for 70.1% (148/211) of all hospitalized children with COVID-19, and the 3-<5 years group and the ≥5 years group had a significantly higher proportion of children with underlying diseases than the 1 month-<1 year group and the 1-<3 years group (P<0.05). Compared with the other three groups, the 1 month-<1 year group had significantly higher incidence rates of dyspnea, nasal congestion/nasal discharge, diarrhea and significantly lower incidence rates of convulsion and nervous system involvement (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with the other three groups, the 1 month-<1 year group had significantly higher incidence rates of increases in bile acid and creatine kinase isoenzyme and significantly lower incidence rates of decreased platelet count, increased neutrophil percentage, and decreased lymphocyte percentage (P<0.05). The 1 month-<1 year group had a significantly higher incidence rate of mild COVID-19 than the 1-<3 years group and a significantly lower incidence rate of severe/critical COVID-19 than the other three groups (P<0.05). Compared with the other three groups, the 1 month-<1 year group had a significantly higher proportion of children receiving oxygen inhalation therapy (P<0.05). Children with COVID-19 in different age groups have different clinical features during the epidemic of Omicron variant, especially between the children aged 1 month to <1 year and those aged ≥1 year.

Effects of proton and oxygen ion irradiation on cardiovascular function and structure in a rabbit model

PurposeAstronauts on missions beyond low Earth orbit will be exposed to galactic cosmic radiation, and there is concern about potential adverse cardiovascular effects. Most of the research to identify cardiovascular risk of space radiation has been performed in rodent models. To aid in the translation of research results to humans, the current study identified long-term effects of high-energy charged particle irradiation on cardiovascular function and structure in a larger non-rodent animal model. Materials and methodsAt the age of 12 months, male New Zealand white rabbits were exposed to whole-body protons (250 MeV) or oxygen ions (16O, 600 MeV/n) at a dose of 0 or 0.5 Gy and were followed for 12 months after irradiation. Ultrasonography was used to measure in vivo cardiac function and blood flow parameters at 10- and 12-months post-irradiation. At 12 months after irradiation, blood cell counts and blood chemistry values were assessed, and cardiac tissue and aorta were collected for histological as well as molecular and biochemical analyses. Plasma was used for metabolomic analysis and to quantify common markers of cardiac injury. ResultsA small but significant decrease in the percentage of circulating lymphocytes and an increase in neutrophil percentage was seen 12 months after 0.5 Gy protons, while 16O exposure resulted in an increase in monocyte percentage. Markers of cardiac injury, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-Terminal pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide were modestly increased in the proton group, and cTnI was also increased after 16O. On the other hand, metabolomics on plasma at 12 months revealed no changes. Both types of irradiation demonstrated alterations in cardiac mitochondrial morphology and an increase in left ventricular protein levels of inflammatory cell marker CD68. However, changes in cardiac function were only mild. ConclusionLow dose charged particle irradiation caused mild long-term changes in inflammatory markers, cardiac function, and structure in the rabbit heart, in line with previous studies in mouse and rat models.

Effect of hyperglycemia on the immune function of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study.

To analyze the clinical characteristics and immune function parameters and to explore the effect of hyperglycemia on the immune function in patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This retrospective study included patients with COVID-19 with T2DM hospitalized in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between January 31, 2020, and February 10, 2020. The clinical data were collected and patients were divided into a well-controlled group (blood glucose 3.9-10.0 mmol/L) and a poorly-controlled group (blood glucose >10.0 mmol/L). The differences in routine blood tests, peripheral lymphocyte subsets, humoral immune components, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and cytokines were compared, and the correlation between blood glucose and immune parameters as well as the severity of the disease was analyzed. A total of 65 patients with COVID-19 and T2DM were included in the final analysis. Compared with the well-controlled group, patients in the poorly-controlled group had decreased lymphocytes, CD16+ 56+ NK cells, CD3+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and increased neutrophil percentage, IL-6 levels, CRP levels and serum concentration of IgA. Blood glucose was inversely correlated with CD16+ 56+ NK cells, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells and positively correlated with IL-6 and CRP levels. There was a positive correlation between blood glucose and the severity of the COVID-19. Hyperglycemia will aggravate the immune dysfunction of COVID-19 patients with T2DM and affect the severity of COVID-19.

Six-Month Follow-up of COVID-19 Patients: Mortality and Related Factors

Background: Currently, there is lack of evidence regarding the long-term follow-up of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The aim of this study is to present a 6-month follow-up of COVID-19 patients who were discharged from hospital after their recovery. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was performed to assess the six-month follow-up of COVID-19 patients who were discharged from the hospital between February 18 and July 20, 2020. The primary outcome was 6-month all-cause mortality. Results: Data related to 614 patients were included to this study. Of these 614 patients, 48 patients died (7.8%). The cause of death in 26 patients (54.2%) was the relapse of COVID-19. Also, 44.2% of deaths happened in the first week after discharge and 74.4% in the first month. Risk factors of all-cause mortality included increase in age (odds ratio [OR]=1.09; P&lt;0.001), increase in neutrophil percentage (OR=1.05; P=0.009) and increase in heart rate (OR=1.06; P=0.002) on the first admission. However, the risk of all-cause death was lower in patients who had higher levels of hematocrit (OR=0.93; P=0.021), oxygen saturation (OR=0.90; P=0.001) and mean arterial pressure (OR=0.93; P=0.001). In addition, increase in age (OR=1.11; P&lt;0.001) was an independent risk factor for COVID-19-related death, while higher levels of lymphocyte percentage (OR=0.96; P=0.048), mean arterial pressure (OR=0.93; P=0.006) and arterial oxygen saturation (OR=0.91; P=0.009) were protective factors against COVID-19-related deaths during the 6-month period after discharge. Conclusion: Death is relatively common in COVID-19 patients after their discharge from hospital. In light of our findings, we suggest that elderly patients who experience a decrease in their mean arterial pressure, oxygen saturation and lymphocyte count during their hospitalization, should be discharged cautiously. In addition, we recommend that one-month follow-up of discharged patients should be take place, and urgent return to hospital should be advised when the first signs of COVID-19 relapse are observed.

The Blood Immune Cell Count, Immunoglobulin, Inflammatory Factor, and Milk Trace Element in Transition Cows and Calves Were Altered by Increasing the Dietary n-3 or n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Levels.

Transition dairy cows experience sudden changes in both metabolic and immune functions, which lead to many diseases in postpartum cows. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and guarantee the nutritional and healthy status of transition cows. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of diet enriched in n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) on colostrum composition and blood immune index of multiparous Holstein cows and neonatal calves during the transition period. Forty-five multiparous Holstein dairy cows at 240 days of pregnancy were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 isoenergetic and isoprotein diets: 1) CON, hydrogenated fatty acid (control), 1% of hydrogenated fatty acid [diet dry matter (DM) basis] during prepartum and postpartum, respectively; 2) HN3, 3.5% of extruding flaxseed (diet DM basis, n-3 PUFA source); 3) HN6, 8% of extruding soybeans (diet DM basis, C18:2n-6 PUFA source). Diets containing n-3 and n-6 PUFA sources decreased colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration but did not significantly change the colostrum IgG yield compared with those with CON. The commercial milk yield (from 14 to 28 days after calving) was higher in the HN3 and HN6 than that in the CON. Furthermore, the n-3 PUFA source increased neutrophil cell counts in blood during the prepartum period and increased neutrophil percentage during the postpartum period when compared with those with control treatment. Diets containing supplemental n-3 PUFA decreased the serum concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β in maternal cows compared with those in control and n-6 PUFA during prepartum and postpartum. In addition, the neonatal calf serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was decreased in HN3 compared with that in the HN6 treatment. The diet with the n-3 PUFA source could potentially increase the capacity of neutrophils to defend against pathogens in maternal cows by increasing the neutrophil numbers and percentage during the transition period. Meanwhile, the diet with n-3 PUFA source could decrease the pro-inflammatary cytokine IL-1β of maternal cows during the transition period and decline the content of pro-inflammatary cytokine TNF of neonatal calves. It suggested that the highest milk production in n-3 PUFA treatment may partially be due to these beneficial alterations.

Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics of Spontaneous Bile Duct Perforation in Children.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of spontaneous bile duct perforation (SBDP) in children.MethodsThe clinical data of children with SBDP who were admitted to Wuhan Children's Hospital between January 2014 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsIn all, 28 cases of children with SBDP (male, 28.6%; female, 71.4%; male-to-female ratio, 1:2.5; average age, 2.15 years) were analyzed. The most common symptoms were fever (85.7%), nausea and vomiting (78.6%), and abdominal distension (67.9%). Among the 28 patients, 26 (92.9%) had elevated hypersensitive C-reactive protein, 24 (85.7%) had an increased neutrophil percentage, and 22 (78.6%) had raised peripheral blood leukocyte counts. Moreover, 19 patients (67.9%) showed increased serum total bilirubin levels, and 5 (17.9%) showed an elevated conjugated bilirubin level. Abdominal CT examination revealed that the gallbladder wall of patients was thickened with edema, accompanied by gallbladder stenosis and gallbladder mucosa enhancement; furthermore, ascites was found in the abdominal cavity and lesser omental bursa. Twenty-two patients underwent abdominal paracentesis, and 20 (90.9%) of them were exposed to bile-based ascites. Among the 28 patients, four recovered with conservative treatment, whereas the others (85.7%) were surgically treated. Of the twenty-four patients undergoing surgery, the perforation site was found at the union of the hepatic and cystic ducts in 12 patients (50%), no perforation site was observed in 9 patients (37.5%), and a common hepatic duct was observed in 3 patients (12.5%). All 24 patients underwent stage I surgery, and temporary biliary drainage was performed because of severe abdominal inflammation. Cholangiography and enhanced CT revealed an abnormal location of the pancreatic duct joining the bile duct in 64.3% patients. Following surgery, 15 patients underwent hepaticojejunostomy. Subsequently, 3-month to 6-year follow-up (median, 30 months) indicated that the patients recovered well with no serious complications.ConclusionSBDP in children may be associated with pancreaticobiliary malunion (PBM) and congenital weakness of the bile duct wall. However, the clinical manifestations of this condition lack specificity; this limitation can be assisted through diagnosis via abdominal CT and by performing abdominal paracentesis. Once SBDP diagnosis is confirmed, the patient should follow the principles of individualized treatment.

Related Factors for Sensitivity to the Initial Dose of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Children with Kawasaki Disease

Background: Kawasaki disease (KD) involves systemic medium- and small-vessel vasculitides, manifested as acute fever and rash. Objectives: To investigate the factors for sensitivity to the initial dose of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in children with KD. Methods: Clinical data of 222 KD children were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the response to the initial IVIG dose, they were divided into sensitivity and non-response groups. Clinical manifestations, laboratory results, and echocardiographic characteristics were compared between the study groups, and indicators with a significant difference were explored by logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted using independent factors to determine the indicators for non-response. Results: Of 222 children, 181 (81.53%) were in the sensitivity group and 41 (18.47%) in the non-response group. The incidence rates of ultra-hyperpyrexia and coronary artery disease in the non-response group were significantly higher than that of the sensitivity group (P &lt; 0.05). The percentage of neutrophils, platelet count, and C-reactive protein (CRP) level were higher, and the albumin (ALB) level was lower in the non-response group than that of the sensitivity group (P &lt; 0.05). Increased neutrophil percentage and CRP level, as well as reduced ALB level, were independent risk factors for non-response (P &lt; 0.05). Based on the areas under ROC curves, neutrophil percentage, CRP, and ALB were valuable predictors of non-response, and the cut-off values were 0.725, 78.43 mg/L, and 32.89 g/L, respectively. Conclusions: Pediatricians should pay attention to possible non-response to the initial dose of IVIG in KD children with the neutrophil percentage of ≥ 0.725, CRP ≥ 78.43 mg/L, or ALB ≤ 32.89 g/L.

WITHDRAWN: Spinal epidural abscess with emphasis on early diagnosis and surgical treatment: Report of twenty-five cases and review of literature

To improve the diagnostic identification and subsequent treatment of spinal epidural abscess (SEA) by analysing the clinical data of 25 cases. Method: We retrospectively analysed patient characteristics, disease characteristics, biomarkers, neurological function, visual analogue scale (VAS), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores of 25 patients with SEA who were admitted to the Department of Spinal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2018 to June 2021. Results: Eleven out of 22 patients who received surgery showed improvement of the average muscle strength score at the time of discharge (2.00 ± 1.14 vs 4.00 ± 0.63). Muscle strength did not improve at the time of discharge for three patients who were treated with conservative antibiotic therapy. At the time of admission, patients exhibited increased white blood cell (WBC) count (7.972 ± 2.570×10 9 /L), increased neutrophil percentage (64.120 ± 14.984 %), increased procalcitonin (PCT) (0.083 ± 0.192ng/L), increased C-reactive protein (CRP) (42.181 ± 59.653 mg/L), and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (40.720 ± 15.913 mm/h). During follow-up, VAS scores of all patients were improved (7.12±1.13 vs 1.48±0.96), and ODI were improved (71.80±11.94 vs 11.96±6.00) after treatment. Conclusion: For the patients with SEA, early diagnosis and surgical intervention should be considered, taking into account the patient's conditions. We recommend parenteral antibiotics treatment in parallel to one-stage posterior surgery to completely eliminate the source of infection, resulting in favourable conditions for the optimal recovery of neurological functions.

Lower respiratory tract sampling in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: A focus on microbiology, cellular morphology, cytology, and management impact.

Background:Lower respiratory tract (LRT) sampling through bronchoscopy has been done sparingly in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to the high aerosol risk for the health-care workers (HCWs). Valuable information can be gained by a detailed evaluation of bronchoscopic LRT samples.Methods:LRT samples were obtained by bedside bronchoscopy severe COVID-19 ARDS patients on mechanical ventilation. Microbiological, cellular, and cytological studies including LRT COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were analyzed.Results:A total of 100 samples were collected from 63 patients, 53 were males (84%). Forty-three patients (68%) had at least 1 comorbidity. 55% of cases had a secondary bacterial infection, commonly with multidrug-resistant organisms (94.5%). The most common organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in 56.3% and 14.5% of cases, respectively. Fungal superinfection was observed in 9 patients (14.3%). Bronchoscopy helped confirm COVID-19 diagnosis in 1 patient and helped rule out COVID-19 in 3 patients. The median bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) white blood cell (WBC) count was 953 (inter quartile range; 400–2717), with mean neutrophil count 85.2% (±13.9) and mean lymphocyte count 14.8% (±13.9). Repeat sampling done in some patients showed a progressive increase in the total WBC count in BALF, an increase in neutrophil percentage, and a higher chance of isolating an organism on the culture. Rate of superinfection increased with a longer duration of illness. Bronchoscopic LRT sampling contributed significantly to modifying antibiotic coverage and discontinuing steroids in 37% of cases.Conclusions:Our study provides a detailed analysis of bronchoscopic LRT sampling in critically ill COVID-19 patients, augmenting disease understanding and contributing to clinical management.

Temporal Evolution of White Blood Cell Count and Differential: Reliable and Early Detection Markers for Surgical Site Infection Following Spinal Posterior Decompression Surgery.

Introduction For early detection of surgical site infection (SSI) following spinal decompression surgery, we compared temporal changes in the values of laboratory markers that are not affected by operative parameters. Methods The study included 302 patients, which were divided into an SSI group (patients who developed deep SSI) and a non-SSI group for analysis. We reviewed data on C-reactive protein level, total white blood cell (WBC) count, and WBC differential percentage and count before spinal decompression, on postoperative day 1, and on postoperative day 4. We identified laboratory markers that are not affected by operative parameters (operating time, intraoperative blood loss, and number of operative segments). Laboratory markers with a significant difference observed between the peak or nadir value and the value in the subsequent survey day were considered as an indicator of SSI. We examined the utility of each indicator by calculating sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, we investigated the utility of the combination of all five indicators (wherein the recognition of one marker was considered positive). Results Temporal changes in five laboratory markers were considered indicators of SSI. The changes from postoperative day 1 to postoperative day 4 were as follows: (1) increased WBC count (42% sensitivity, 88% specificity), (2) increased neutrophil percentage (25% sensitivity, 96% specificity), (3) increased neutrophil count (25% sensitivity, 94% specificity), (4) decreased lymphocyte percentage (25% sensitivity, 95% specificity), and (5) decreased lymphocyte count (25% sensitivity, 85% specificity). The combination of these five markers showed a 50% sensitivity, 81% specificity, and 0.65 AUC. Conclusions Five markers were found to be reliable indicators of SSI following spinal decompression surgery because they were not affected by operative parameters. The combination of all five indicators had moderate sensitivity and high specificity. Therefore, this may be reliable and useful for the early detection of SSI.

Haematologic Markers and Tonsil-to-Body Weight Ratio to Assist Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy Diagnosis.

Aims Diagnosis of Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy (ATH), the leading cause of pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), depends on physical exam via Brodsky's staging of tonsils. This study investigates the associations of ATH with patient parameters, and balances in-office tonsil hypertrophy appraisal against true organ mass. Materials and Methods A prospective cohort was formed of 103 children operated for ATH, and 31 matched controls. Demographic, clinical and tympanographic data, as well as Complete Blood Count (CBC) indices were compared. Absolute and relative to total body weight tonsil specimen mass were correlated with Brodsky's score. Results Tonsillar size indices were significantly raised in ATH patients. Elevated leukocytes (P = 0.012) and increased neutrophil percentage (P = 0.025) conveyed higher ATH risk. Subjective evaluation of tonsils graded 1 or 2 correlated significantly with absolute (P = 0.001) and relative (P = 0.006) objective measurements. Brodsky's score 3 and 4 displayed marginal significant association with relative (P = 0.050) but not with true (P = 0.989) mass. Conclusion An occult hematologic inflammatory response was detected in ATH children. Clinical estimation of severely hypertrophic tonsils should be adjusted for total body weight. Trial Registration Number: NCT03541434 (clinicaltrials.gov).

Blood parameters, symptoms at presentation and adverse in-hospital outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with hypertension

Background: We aimed to explore the association of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 pneumonia, blood parameters on admission, and anti-hypertensive drugs with in-hospital outcomes, including length of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, receiving mechanical ventilation, degree of lung injury, and in-hospital death among patients with hypertension. Material and methods: This retrospective study conducted in patients with newly diagnosed COVID-19 pneumonia from August 20, 2020 to September 25, 2020. Results: A total of 182 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were included in the present study. The patients were categorized into those with hypertension (n = 82) or without hypertension (n = 100). Patients on angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) showed no significant increase in the risk for all in-hospital outcomes. Old age [0.6 (0.5–2) p &lt; 0.00], fever [0.3 (0.2–1.8), p &lt; 0.00] and low lymphocytes percentage [0.3 (0.2–1.2), p &lt; 0.00] were associated with increased risk for extensive lung injury. Old age [0.4 (0.1 = 0.7) p &lt; 0.01], high neutrophil count [0.3 (0.2–2), p = 0.02] and low lymphocyte percentage [0.3 (0.1–0.7), p = 0.01] were associated with prolonged hospital stay while low lymphocytes percentage [0.7 (0.6–0.9), p &lt; 0.00], old age [1.2 (1–1.4), p = 0.01] and fatigue [2 (1–4), p = 0.04] showed significant association with prolonged length of ICU stay. Low lymphocytes percentage [0.7 (0.6–1), p &lt; 0.00], old age [1.1 (1–1.2), p = 0.01] and fatigue [2 (1.7–4), p = 0.02] were associated with increased risk for receiving mechanical ventilation. Risk for in-hospital death was associated with increased neutrophil percentage [1.2 (1–1.5), p = 0.01] and old age [1.1 (1–1.2), p = 0.03]. Conclusions: ARBs and ACEIs showed no significant association with adverse in-hospital outcomes. Old age, low lymphocytes percentage and high neutrophils percentage on admission were independent predictors for increased risk of in-hospital mortality and morbidity among COVID-19 pneumonia patients with hypertension.

P0751 / #2036: KAWASAKI-LIKE DISEASE DURING THE SARS-COV-2 PANDEMIC IN PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: A CASE REPORT

Aims & Objectives: Kawasaki disease is pediatric affection, is an acute vasculitis of the medium vessels. However, during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Italian and French team reported a Kawasaki-like disease in children. The purpose of the case report is to describe it’s and is to raise its awareness Methods: We reported a child old 30 months presented Kawasaki-like disease during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in pediatric emergency department Results: Patient old 30 months presented fever 40° with polymorphic rash, without hypoperfusion signs. Contact with confirmed family cases of COVID-19 patients was found. Investigation showed: a positive serology (test for the qualitative detection) for SARS-CoV-2 (IgM and IgG), Nasopharyngeal swab sampling, testing SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid using reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR assay was negative, Full blood count showed white cell count of 14380/mm3 with increased neutrophil percentage 85,3%, CRP 151 mg/dL and Fibrinogen 4,44 g/L. Chest x-ray normal, High NT pro BNP (5000), normal ECG, initially normal left ventricular function and hypokinetic (ejection fraction= 54%) 24 hours after. Patient transferred in pediatric unit of covid-19, in order to receive intravenous immunoglobulin according to the RAISE study and to continuous the management Conclusions: Kawasaki-like disease diagnosed in children after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is actually associated with good outcome; clinicians should be alert of the signs and symptoms because emerging of a severe form and cure still possible with early diagnosis and treatment

Residual effects of short-term whole-body cold-water immersion on the cytokine profile, white blood cell count, and blood markers of stress

Background: One of the most challenging environmental extremes is immersion in cold/icy water, and consequent common assumption is that even a brief exposure to cold can lead to cold-related illnesses. The increase in the concentrations of the stress hormones cortisol, epinephrine (Epi), and norepinephrine (NE) in response to acute cold stress are thought to suppress the release of proinflammatory cytokines. No previous study has explored the residual consequences of whole-body short-term cold-water immersion (CWI; 14 °C for 10 min) on the immune response in healthy non-acclimated young adult men (aged 20–30 years). Materials and methods: In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that short-term acute whole-body CWI would induce high blood levels of cortisol, NE, and Epi, which in turn would increase circulating leukocyte numbers and delay the production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and IL-6). Results: Short-term whole-body CWI produced a stressful physiological reaction, as manifested by hyperventilation and increased muscle shivering, metabolic heat production, and heart rate. CWI also induced the marked release of the stress hormones Epi, NE, and cortisol. The change in IL-6 concentration after CWI was delayed and TNF-α production was decreased, but IL-1β was not affected within 48 h after CWI. A delayed increase in neutrophil percentage and decrease in lymphocyte percentage occurred after CWI. Conclusion: These findings suggest that, even though CWI caused changes in stress and immune markers, the participants showed no predisposition to symptoms of the common cold within 48 h after CWI.

Gastroprotective Effects of Methanolic Leaves and Stem Extracts of Sphagneticola trilobata on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

The medicinal plant Sphagneticola trilobata native to South America is used in local folk medicine to treat inflammation and analgesics. In present study, gastroprotective effects of methanolic extracts of S. trilobata leaves and stem were investigated in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats at doses of 200 mg/kg for leave extract and 350 mg/kg for stem extract. Indomethacin produced stomach ulcers and increased neutrophil percentage and MDA levels compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.001). Co-administration of indomethacin and omeprazole, methanolic extracts of leaves (200 mg/kg) (p &lt; 0.001) and methanolic extracts (350 mg/kg) (p &lt; 0.05) of stem compared to indomethacin group to ulcers was low (p &lt; 0.001). Methanolic extracts (200 mg/kg) of leaves and methanolic extracts (350 mg/kg) of stem reduced MDA levels (p &lt; 0.001). Methanolic extracts (200 mg/kg) of leaves and methanolic extracts (350 mg/kg) of the stem significantly decreased neutrophil percentage compared to indomethacin group (p &lt; 0.001). The results suggest that the methanolic extracts of Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and stem have a protective effect on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers.

Clinical characteristics comparative analysis of imported and local cases with COVID-19 in Hainan

Objective To observe the epidemiology, clinical features, auxiliary examinations and prognosis of 69 cases with COVID-19 in Hainan province. Methods The epidemiological history, past history, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results and imaging examination results of 69 patients with COVID-19 in Hainan People's Hospital from January 22 to March 7, 2020 were collected. They were divided into non severe group and severe group according to patients ' condition, and imported cases and indigenous cases according to the epidemiological history. And then we retrospectively analyzed their epidemiological and clinical data, further compared the differences between the two groups. Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test were used in statistical analysis. Results Among the 69 patients, 41 were male, and 28 were female, aged 28-83 years, and 30 had a history of underlying disease. The main clinical manifestations were cough (85.51%), fever (81.16%), asthenia (46.38%). Nasal obstruction and pharyngeal discomfort were rare. 9 cases had increased white blood cells, 25 cases had increased neutrophil percentage, 33 cases had decreased lymphocyte percentage, 42 cases had decreased lymphocyte absolute value, and 66 cases had lung inflammation by imaging examination. Clinical classification: 3 cases were mild, 54 cases were normal, 3 cases were severe, 9 cases were critical, i.e., 57 cases were non-severe (normal/mild), 12 cases were severe (critical / severe). Among 69 patients, 54 (78.26%) were imported cases and 15 were local cases. There was no significant difference between the two groups in clinical manifestations neither clinical typing( P >0.05). Conclusion The main clinical types of COVID-19 patients are moderate type and mild type. There is no difference in clinical manifestations and clinical types between imported cases and indigenous cases. 摘要：目的 观察、了解海南省69例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的流行病学特征、临床特征、辅助检査和预后。 方法 收集海南省人民医院2020年1月22日至3月7日收治的69例新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的流行病学史、既往史、临 床表现、实验室检査结果和影像学检査结果进行归纳与分析。根据病情分为普通/轻症组, 危重/重症组, 根据流行病学 史分为输人病例与本地病例, 回顾性分析其流行病学特征及临床资料, 进一步对比两组间临床资料的差异。统计学处 理采用Mann-Whitney U 检验或 χ 2 检验。 结果 69例患者中, 男性41例, 女性28例, 年龄28~83岁, 30例既往有基础疾 病史。主要临床表现为咳嗽(85.51%)、发热（81.16%)、乏力(46.38%), 鼻塞、咽部不适少见。白细胞升髙者9例, 中性 粒细胞百分比升髙25例, 淋巴细胞百分比降低33例 , 淋巴细胞绝对值减少42例 , 影像学检査肺部有炎症者66例。临 床分型 : 轻型3例, 普通型54例, 重型3例, 危重型9例, 即非重症组(普通/轻型)57例, 重症组(危重/重型）12例。69例患 者, 输人病例54例, 78.26%, 本地病例15例, 两组临床表现与临床分型差异无统计学意义( P >0.05)。 结论 海南省COVID-19患者以普通型与轻型为主, 输人性病例与本土病例临床特征相似

Routine laboratory testing to determine if a patient has COVID-19.

Routine laboratory testing to determine if a patient has COVID-19.