Increased Exercise Frequency Research Articles

Research on Influencing Factor and Optimmization Pathways of Physical Exercise Behavior Among Contemporary College Students

This study examined the physical activity abilities of contemporary college students by assessing muscle strength, muscle endurance, and body stability. The research examined aspects of their physical exercise behavior such as exercise frequency, focus, duration, and type. The results showed that the participants were predominantly female, freshmen, and medical students. Overall, college students scored at an average level in physical activity abilities; freshmen scored higher in muscle strength, while senior students scored higher in endurance. Additionally, senior students excelled in certain types of exercises. The study also found a negative correlation between muscle strength/body stability and exercise frequency, indicating a decrease in these abilities with increased exercise frequency. Conversely, other indicators showed a positive correlation with exercise frequency, suggesting an increase in exercise levels with higher physical activity levels as this can result in a page being rejected by search engines. Ensure that your abstract reads well and is grammatically correct.

Abstract 12889: Sex Differences in Exercise Capacity After Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: Many center-based cardiac rehabilitation programs were forced to close during the pandemic resulting in a programmatic shift to delivering cardiac rehabilitation remotely in the home-based setting. This study examined sex differences in the change of exercise frequency and exercise capacity in patients participating in home-based cardiac rehabilitation (HBCR) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 567 HBCR patients between March 2020 and May 2021. Patients who completed the Duke Activity Status Index questionnaire before and after HBCR were included. We calculated the number of reported exercise days/ week, exercise min/day, and VO 2 peak estimated. Patients were divided into two groups according to sex (Male/Female). Continuous data are described as mean±SD and baseline data compared with a two-sample t-test. The delta change from pre-post between groups also are compared with a two-sample t-test. Results: Of 567 HBCR patients, 118 patients completed both pre and post HBCR questionnaires (Male, n=82, 66±12 yo vs Female, n=36, 65±12 yo, p=0.80). There were no differences between groups for baseline exercise days/week or exercise min/day pre HBCR (4.0±2.8 vs 4.1±3.0 days, p=0.87; 22±20 vs 18±20 min, p=0.33); however, VO 2 peak at baseline HBCR was higher in males than females (22.3±8.1 vs 18.9±5.9 ml/kg/min, p<0.05). Both groups improved exercise days/week (4.0±2.8 to 5.7±1.5 vs 4.1±3.0 to 5.7±1.4 days, p<0.05 for both), exercise min/day (22±20 to 40±15 vs 18±20 to 37±21 min, p<0.05 for both), and VO 2 peak (22.3±8.1 to 27.8±8.0 vs 18.9±5.9 to 22.7±6.5, ml/kg/min, p<0.05 for both). In addition, there was no significant difference for the delta change of the three outcomes between groups (1.7±2.7 vs 1.6±2.5 days; 18±19 vs 19±18 min; 5.5±6.5 vs 3.8±4.5 ml/min/kg, p>0.05 for all). Conclusions: Female patients entering HBCR during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated lower exercise capacity compared to males; however, both female and male patients increased exercise frequency (days/week and min/day) and exercise capacity (estimated VO 2 peak) similarly after attending HBCR during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Physical Activity Level and Perspectives of Participants Transitioning from Onsite to Virtual Cardiac Rehabilitation during the Early COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Study.

This mixed-method study aimed to compare physical activity (PA) patterns of a cross-over cardiac rehabilitation (CR) cohort with a center-based CR cohort and to explore barriers and facilitators of participants transitioning and engaging in virtual CR. It included the retrospective self-reported PA of a cross-over CR cohort (n = 75) and a matched center-based CR cohort (n = 75). Some of the participants included in the cross-over cohort (n = 12) attended semi-structured focus group sessions and results were interpreted in the context of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model. Differences between groups were not observed (p > 0.05). The center-based CR cohort increased exercise frequency (p = 0.002), duration (p = 0.007), and MET/minutes (p = 0.007) over time. The cross-over cohort increased exercise duration (p = 0.04) with no significant change in any other parameters. Analysis from focus groups revealed six overarching themes classified under predisposing factors (knowledge), enabling factors (external support, COVID-19 restrictions, mental health, personal reasons/preferences), and reinforcing factors (recommendations). These findings suggest an improvement of the PA levels of center-based CR cohort participants pre-pandemic and mitigated improvement in those who transitioned to a virtual CR early in the pandemic. Improving patients’ exercise-related knowledge, provider endorsements, and the implementation of group videoconferencing sessions could help overcome barriers to participation in virtual CR.

Risk factors for obesity and overweight in Chinese children: a nationwide survey.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze a comprehensive set of potential risk factors for obesity and overweight among Chinese children with a full range of ages and with wide geographical coverage.MethodsIn the Prevalence and Risk Factors for Obesity and Diabetes in Youth (PRODY) study (2017‐2019), the authors analyzed 193,997 children aged 3 to 18 years from 11 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities that are geographically representative of China. All participants underwent physical examinations, and their caregivers completed questionnaires including dietary, lifestyle, familial, and perinatal information of participants. A multilevel multinomial logistic regression model was used to evaluate the potential risk factors.ResultsAmong the actionable risk factors that were measured, higher consumption frequencies of animal offal (odds ratios [OR] for an additional time/day = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.88‐0.95, same unit for OR below unless specified otherwise), dairy products (0.91, 95% CI: 0.88‐0.94), freshwater products (0.94, 95% CI: 0.91‐0.96), staple foods (0.94, 95% CI: 0.92‐0.96), and coarse food grain (OR for every day vs. rarely = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86‐0.98) were associated with lower relative risk of obesity. However, higher restaurant‐eating frequency (OR for >4 times/month vs. rarely = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15‐1.29) and longer screen‐viewing duration (OR for >2 hours vs. <30 minutes = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.10‐1.22) were associated with higher relative risk of obesity. Increased exercise frequency was associated with the lowest relative risk of obesity (OR for every day vs. rarely = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.68‐0.77).ConclusionsChanges in lifestyle and diet of Chinese children may help relieve their obesity burden.

Frequency-response relationship between exercise and locomotive syndrome across age groups: Secondary analysis of a nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan.

This study aimed to clarify the frequency-response relationship between exercise habits and locomotive syndrome (LS) in different age groups. We analysed 8681 independent community dwellers who participated in a nationwide cross-sectional LS study. Participants were divided into young (20-39 years), middle (40-64 years), and old (≥ 65 years) groups. The presence of LS was evaluated using the LS risk tests. Exercise habits were assessed by exercise frequency (almost every day/sometimes/occasionally/never). The association between LS and exercise was assessed using the multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for participant characteristics for each age category. Overall, 3528 (41%) participants had LS. In the old group, the risk of LS was lower with an increased exercise frequency. However, this dose-response relationship was not found in the young group. The proportion of LS was lower even in participants who occasionally exercised (1-3 days/month) than those who never exercise in the young and middle age groups. Regular exercise reduced the risk of LS not only in middle and older adults but also in young adults. Moreover, increasing exercise frequency may provide benefits for LS prevention, especially among older adults.

How the Spouse's Retirement Affects the Cognitive Health of Individuals in China: A Fresh Evidence From the Perspective of Social Interaction.

Background: With the rapid aging of global population, the health consequences of retirement reform are debated greatly. However, most previous studies are limited to the effects on individual themselves, and pay scant attention to the social interaction between individuals and their spouse which may induce the social multiplier effect of retirement. Driven by the practical and academic motives, this study investigates the impacts of the spouse's retirement on the individual's cognitive health among Chinese dual-earner couples.Methods: We first build a simultaneous-equations model. Then, using the data from the 2010 to 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS), we choose the fixed-effects model and adopt the fuzzy regression discontinuity design method to analyze. Besides, we check the validity and robustness of the results. Finally, we employ the mediating effect model to explore the mechanisms.Results and Conclusions: The spouse's retirement has significantly negative direct and indirect effect on individual cognitive health. Husbands' retirement has a stronger adverse spillover effect than wives' retirement, and wives' cognitive health is more vulnerable to the social interaction effect. The direct spillover effect of husbands' retirement is −0.503 and that of wives' retirement is −0.312, the indirect spillover effect of husbands' retirement is −0.36 and that of wives' retirement is −0.279. In addition to the social interaction effect of cognition between the couples, we also find that the decrease in household income is an important mechanism, and that the increased exercise frequency can somewhat mitigate the adverse spillover effect.

Exercise Causality Orientation, Motivation, and Adherence in an Incentive Walking Program

Participation incentives are commonly used in organizational and workplace exercise programs to encourage and reward selected participant outcomes. Although this program format is associated with limited positive outcomes such as increased exercise frequency, there remains a need to engage participants and consider intrapersonal motivations within this context. The purpose of the study was to investigate Causality Orientations Theory as it relates to the experiences and outcomes of participants enrolled in an incentivized employee walking program. Participants engaged in a 6-week walking program that offered prizes for targeted outcomes, and then completed the Exercise Causality Orientations Scale (ECOS). Participants walked significantly more during the program, although they did not increase frequencies of exercise behaviors other than walking. They also experienced differences in motivation and walking activity according to different primary exercise causality orientations. In this limited context, incentivized exercise programs can help participants achieve a positive outcome related to a specific type of exercise. Exercise program managers should also consider the exercise causality orientation of participants in creating a more customized program experience.

Intergenerational Mentoring on Health Promotion to Improve Healthy Lifestyles Among Latino Families

New Mexico now has the 32nd highest adult obesity rate; approximately one-third are Latinos. Obesity rates in NM for children aged 2-11 years range from 11 – 14%. Mentoring as a health promotion or intervention strategy has become widespread. However, few programs have focused on several generations reciprocally influencing each other in healthy behaviors. Project I’M HIP (Intergenerational Mentoring Health Information Pathways)’s goals included: Providing an innovative, multigenerational educational program to promote greater maternal, child, and grandparent well-being, healthier lifestyle behaviors, and support continued healthy home environments by empowering the families with knowledge. Three cohorts of 30 families (1 parent, 1 child, 1 grandparent/other relative) were recruited for Program I’M HIP. This Program utilized culturally sensitive Evidence-Based Programs (EBPs). Monthly educational sessions focused on physical activity and adapting meals to be healthy. Project outcomes included exercise frequency, Body Mass Index (BMI), and a knowledge quiz assessing healthy meal facts, exercise knowledge via a 10-item quiz; all assessments pre- and post-program. Program outcomes included: 100% of the parents shared at least 1 fact on nutrition or exercise with other relatives, thus affecting another household; paired t-test analyses revealed significant changes in knowledge quiz total scores (t 70 = 5.03, p < .0001), increased exercise frequency (t 72 = 2.106, p < .05); no significant change in BMI from pre- to post-assessments; and children corrected their parents on proper diet; all demonstrating the reciprocal mentoring effects of parent, child, and other relative on health behaviors.

Prevalence of Poor Sleep and Relationship of Physical Exercise with Sleep among Male Adult Exercisers

Physical exercise has been suggested to show beneficial effects for various diseases and also for sleep. This study aims to assess the prevalence of sleep problems, and the relationship of physical exercise with sleep health among adult male exercisers. A total of 199 randomly selected athletes (all males) took part in this study. All participants responded to a questionnaire consisted of items related to demographic information that also included sports participation level, and playing experience. Self-reported sleep quality and physical exercise were using PQSI and three items concerning exercise frequency, intensity, and duration. The analysis revealed following main findings: 1) a significant negative correlation between physical exercise and sleep medication, 2) a significantly negative relationship between sports/ exercise participation level and sleep disturbance, 3) an 3.7 average global score of PSQI in total sample, 4) Exercise frequency was negatively correlated with daytime dysfunction whereas exercise intensity was negatively correlated with sleep disturbance and sleep efficiency but positively correlated with daytime dysfunction, 5) and prevalence of poor sleep in 22 % participants. There is some possibility to suggest that exercise may improve sleep health among adult male exercisers. The increased exercise frequency more positive impact to improve sleep but the relationship between exercise intensity and sleep remains inconclusive. existence of sleep problems in athletic population essentially require further attention for reducing the prevalence of poor sleep using other approaches along with continue doing exercise for good sleep.

A COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAM TO ENCOURAGE EXERCISE AND PROPER NUTRITION IN LATINOS

New Mexico now has the 32nd highest adult obesity rate (28.8% for 2015). Thirty one percent of this obesity rate encompasses Latinos; rates are the highest among the 26-44 years age group. Obesity rates in NM for children aged 2-11 range from 11 – 14%. Healthy Kids New Mexico adopted the 5-2-1-0 challenge. (American Academy of Pediatrics) which refers to eating 5+ vegetables, reducing screen time to 2 hours, 1 hour+ daily activity, and daily water intake (H20). Therefore, project I’M HIP2’s main goal was to educate parents and children, within an intergenerational context, on improving diet and activity levels to reduce obesity. The Intergenerational Mentoring on Health Information Pathways 2 (I’M HIP2) program involved 74 Hispanic families including one target child, one parent, and one other relative, e.g., aunt or grandparent. Monthly educational sessions focused on physical activity and adapting meals to be healthy. Project outcomes included exercise frequency, Body Mass Index (BMI), and a knowledge quiz assessing healthy meal facts, exercise knowledge via a 10-item quiz; all assessments pre- and post-program. Paired t-test analyses revealed significant changes in knowledge quiz total scores (t 70 = 5.03, p < .0001), increased exercise frequency (t 72 = 2.106, p < .05); no significant change in BMI from pre- to post-assessments. The families reported overwhelmingly positive responses to how the program had changed their eating styles and activity levels. This study has implications for how we can harness this invaluable resource of the generations to affect health impacts on Hispanic families.

Long-term regular exercise and intraocular pressure: the Hisayama Study.

To investigate the association between long-term regular exercise (exercise frequency and exercise time) and 5-year changes in intraocular pressure in a general Japanese population. This population-based, cohort study was conducted in 2007. A total of 3119 Japanese community dwellers aged ≥ 40years underwent eye examinations including intraocular pressure measurement with a noncontact tonometer. Of these, 1871 subjects (801 men and 1070 women) who underwent intraocular pressure measurement in 2012 participated. We assessed the associations of exercise frequency and exercise time with intraocular pressure using a linear regression model, adjusted for age and possible risk factors that can affect intraocular pressure. The mean 5-year intraocular pressure change ± standard deviation was - 0.84 ± 1.9mmHg. After adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, body mass index, waist circumference, smoking habit, alcohol intake, work intensity levels, and intraocular pressure at baseline, we observed that increased exercise frequency (times/week) and increased exercise time (min/week) were both significantly associated with reduced intraocular pressure (p < 0.05 each). In the subgroup analyses based on the presence/absence of possible confounding risk factors, there was no evidence of heterogeneity among all subgroups (p for heterogeneity > 0.2). Increased exercise frequency levels and increased exercise time are both independently associated with reduced intraocular pressure levels after adjustment for confounding factors.

Physical Activity After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusion and Its Association With Health Status.

BackgroundPatients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) may not participate in regular exercise because of refractory angina. Exercise participation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for CTO (CTO PCI) and the association of exercise with health status after CTO PCI is unknown.Methods and ResultsOverall, 1000 patients enrolled in the Outcomes, Patient Health Status, and Efficiency in Chronic Total Occlusion OPEN CTO is a registry were asked about participation in regular exercise at baseline and 12 months after CTO PCI, and the frequency of exercise (<1, 1–2, ≥3 times/week) was collected among exercisers. Health status was assessed using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). Multivariable regression assessed 12‐month health status change across 4 groups defined by exercise frequency at baseline and 12 months after CTO PCI (no regular exercise at baseline and 12 months, reduced, increased, and consistent exercise at 12 months). Among 869 patients with complete exercise data, the proportion that exercised regularly increased from 33.5% at baseline to 56.6% 12 months after CTO PCI (P<0.01). Predictors of regular exercise at 12 months included baseline exercise, smoking, baseline and increase in SAQ scores for angina frequency, physical limitation, quality of life, and summary. After multivariable adjustment, consistent or increased exercise frequency was associated with significantly greater improvement in SAQ scores for angina frequency, physical limitation, quality of life, and summary (P<0.01).ConclusionsParticipation in regular exercise increased significantly 12 months after CTO PCI, and patients who had greater health status benefit after PCI were more likely to exercise regularly at 12 months. CTO PCI may enable coronary artery disease patients with limiting symptoms to engage in regular exercise and to support better long‐term outcomes.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXERCISE, CARDIOPULMONARY FITNESS, AND PREVALENCE OF COLON POLYPS ACCORDING TO AGE GROUP

Background and objectivesColon polyps are precursor lesions for colon cancer and are associated with a range of risk factors, including smoking, alcohol, obesity, a high-calorie diet, inactivity, and low levels of fitness. The pur-pose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of colon polyps in relation to age, cardiopulmonary fitness and exercise frequency, intensity, and duration (or continuous time).Materials and methodsThis study involved asymptomatic males who underwent a colonoscopy and cardiac exercise stress test. Participants were divided by age (30–49 years [young adults – YA], 50–59 years [middle-aged – MID], and 60+ years [elderly – ELD]). Participants completed an exercise questionnaire that assessed the frequency, intensity, and duration of exercise. Cardiopulmonary fitness was measured with a gas analyzer using a treadmill and the Bruce protocol. Polyps were classified according to their number (≥3) and size (≥0.6 cm), and logistic regression was performed to determine odds ratios (OR). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsThe incidence of colon polyps was 40.1%, 56.2%, and 68.9% in the YA, MID, and ELD groups, respectively. In the YA group, the OR for the presence of polyps decreased to 0.854 and 0.687 in the G3 and G4 (highest fitness) groups, respectively. Although there was no difference in the presence of polyps in the MID group based on cardiopulmonary fitness, there were differences based on exercise intensity and frequency. The OR for the presence of polyps in subjects from the YA group who exer-cised frequently was 0.743, while those in the MID group had an OR of 0.787; these ORs represented a 21.3–25.7% lower risk than participants who did not exercise (p<0.05).ConclusionHigher cardiopulmonary fitness, along with increased exercise frequency, intensity, and duration, could lower the prevalence of polyps in younger and middle-aged participants, although exercise did not affect the prevalence of polyps in older participants.

The Effects of an Advanced Movable Restraint Design on the Elderly Residents at Long-Term Care Facilities in Taiwan

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects, both initially and after 6 months, of an “advanced movable restraint” with openended palm sleeve restraint bands for the elderly residents at long-term care facilities in northern Taiwan. Background. Elderly residents in long-term care facilities are often forced to remain bed-ridden by traditional bed restraint bands due to their irritable, confused conditions and the associated risks of self-extubating their nasogastric (NG) tubes, urinary catheters, etc. However, the traditional bed restraint bands can themselves lead to further physical and mental complications such as skin damage, depression, hostility, and even rhabdomyolysis, increasing the risk of death. Design. Quasiexperimental design. Methods: This parallel-design study was conducted with elderly residents at eight long-term care facilities. The newly designed advanced movable restraint featuring movable open-ended palm sleeve restraint bands was applied to the elderly residents in the experimental group, allowing them greater freedom of movement such that they were not required to remain bed-ridden. In contrast, the elderly residents in the control group were restrained with traditional bed restraints requiring that they remain bedridden. The following four instruments and indicators were then used to compare the effects of the two types of restraints: (1) an activities of daily living (ADL) survey based on the Barthel Index, (2) a muscle power test, (3) an exercise frequency and duration survey, and (4) self-extubation rates. The effects of the interventions were tested by using the t test or chi-square test to compare pre-test results for the ADL survey, muscle power test, exercise frequency and duration survey, and self-extubation rates to those at a 6-month follow-up. Results: A total of 80 elderly residents were included in the experimental group, while 80 elderly residents were included in the control group. At the 6-month follow-up, the residents restrained with the advanced movable restraint had a significantly increased mean muscle power score (χ2 =17.212, P &lt; 0.001), significantly decreased self-extubation rate (χ2 =40.733, P &lt; .001), and significantly increased exercise frequency and duration per week (χ2=27.095 P &lt; 0.001; 26.241 P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that the advanced movable restraint can improve muscle power scores, self-extubation rates, and exercise frequencies and durations by allowing residents greater freedom of movement without the need to remain bed-ridden. It is thus crucial to use such advanced movable restraints and develop standardized technology systems to support the elderly residents and nurses in long-term care facilities.

Abstract 19: Physical Activity After Chronic Total Occlusion PCI and Its Association With Health Status

Introduction: Regular exercise provides multiple benefits to patients with coronary artery disease, but patients with chronic total occlusions (CTOs) may not participate in regular exercise due to refractory angina. There are few data to describe exercise participation after CTO PCI and the association of exercise patterns with health status after CTO PCI. Methods: We studied 1000 consecutive patients enrolled in OPEN CTO, a prospective 12 US center registry of CTO PCI. Participants were asked about participation in regular exercise (yes/no) at baseline and 12 months after CTO PCI, and the frequency of exercise (&lt;1x/wk, 1-2x/wk, &gt;=3x/wk) was collected among exercisers. Regular exercise included participation in any amount of exercise on a regular basis. Multivariable regression was used to compare 12-month health status change across 4 groups defined by exercise frequency at baseline and 12 months after CTO PCI [no regular exercise at baseline and 12 months, and reduced, increased, and consistent exercise at 12-months], adjusting for patient characteristics, technical success of the CTO PCI and completeness of revascularization. Health status was assessed using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) Angina Frequency (AF), Physical limitations (PL), Quality of life (QoL) and Summary Score (OS) domains. Results: A total of 869 patients with complete exercise data were included in the analysis. The proportion exercising regularly increased from 33.5% at baseline to 56.6% 12 months after CTO PCI (p &lt; 0.01). Predictors of regular exercise at 12 months included baseline exercise, smoking, change in SAQ OS and baseline SAQ OS (Fig 1a). After multivariable adjustment, consistent or increased exercise frequency was associated with significantly greater improvement in SAQ PL, AF, Qol and OS scores ( p&lt;0.01 for all, Fig 1b). Conclusion: Participation in regular exercise significantly increased 12 months after CTO PCI, and patients who had greater health status benefit after PCI were more likely to exercise regularly at 12 months. CTO PCI may enable CAD patients with limiting symptoms to engage in regular exercise. Further study of the association between health status improvement and exercise after CTO PCI is needed.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED EXERCISE IN ADULTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Many adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients (pts) report concern about physical activity despite the known health benefits of regular exercise. We evaluated potential benefits associated with increased exercise frequency in ACHD pts. From Sep 2015 to Dec 2016, 446 pts (47% male) completed

Physical Activity and Consumption Patterns of Reproductive-Aged Women by BMI Category.

Objectives Obesity before and during pregnancy is associated with adverse effects for mother and child, but little is known about physical activity and consumption patterns among reproductive-aged women. The goal of this study is to identify behaviors of nonpregnant reproductive-aged women associated with normal weight, overweight, and obesity. Methods Data from the nationally representative National Eating Trends survey (2003-2011) were analyzed, comparing number of days of exercise in a 1-week period and consumption of fruits/vegetables, sugar sweetened beverages (SSB), and concentrated sweets by BMI. Behaviors were compared using analysis of variance and Chi square test across groups. Ordinal logistic regression was used to compare behaviors across groups controlling for demographic factors. Multivariable Poisson regression was used to identify demographic factors associated with behaviors among obese women. Results Among 5941 18-45-year-old women, exercise and fruit/vegetable consumption were associated with healthy weight controlling for demographic factors. Reporting any exercise or fruit/vegetable consumption was associated with decreased odds of overweight or obesity (aOR 0.73, 95% CI 0.64-0.83 and aOR 0.74, 95% CI 0.58-0.95, respectively). Consuming SSBs was associated with increasing BMI category while consuming concentrated sweets was unexpectedly associated with normal weight. Among obese women, being on any diet was associated with increased exercise frequency and fruit/vegetable consumption and decreased SSB consumption. Conclusions for Practice Physical activity and consumption behaviors are associated with weight among reproductive-aged women in ways similar to those in the general population. Promoting exercise and fruit/vegetable consumption has the potential to reduce obesity.

Case Study: The Effect of 32 Weeks of Figure-Contest Preparation on a Self-Proclaimed Drug-Free Female's Lean Body and Bone Mass.

To achieve the criterion appearance before competing in a physique competition, athletes undergo preparatory regimens involving high-volume intense resistance and aerobic exercise with hypocaloric energy intake. As the popularity of "drug-free" competition increases, more athletes are facing this challenge without the recuperative advantage provided by performance-enhancing drugs. Consequently, the likelihood of loss of lean body and/or bone mass is increased. The purpose of this investigation was to monitor changes in body composition for a 29-year-old self-proclaimed drug-free female figure competitor during a 32-week preparatory regimen comprising high-volume resistance and aerobic exercise with hypocaloric energy intake. We used dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to evaluate regional fat and bone mineral density. During the initial 22 weeks, the subject reduced energy intake and engaged in resistance (4-5 sessions/week) and aerobic (3 sessions/week) training. During the final 10 weeks, the subject increased exercise frequency to 6 (resistance) and 4 (aerobic) sessions/week while ingesting 1130-1380 kcal/day. During this 10-week period, she consumed a high quantity of protein (~55% of energy intake) and nutritional supplements. During the 32 weeks, body mass and fat mass decreased by 12% and 55%, respectively. Conversely, lean body mass increased by 1.5%, an amount that exceeded the coefficient of variation associated with DXA-derived measurement. Total bone mineral density was unchanged throughout. In summary, in preparation for a figure competition, a self-proclaimed drug-free female achieved the low body-fat percentage required for success in competition without losing lean mass or bone density by following a 32-week preparatory exercise and nutritional regimen.

Sedentary college student drinkers can start exercising and reduce drinking after intervention.

Heavy drinking by college students is exceedingly harmful to the individuals and to the overall college environment. Current interventions to reduce drinking and negative consequences are infrequently utilized. This randomized clinical trial examined an alternative approach that sought to increase exercise behavior, a substance free activity, in sedentary heavy drinking college students. Participants (N = 70) were randomized to an 8-week exercise intervention: (a) motivational interviewing plus weekly exercise contracting (MI + EC) or (b) motivational interviewing and weekly contingency management for exercise (MI + CM). Follow-up evaluations occurred at posttreatment (2 months) and 6 months post baseline. Participants in both interventions significantly increased exercise frequency initially, and the MI + CM participants exercised significantly more than the MI + EC intervention participants during the intervention period (d = 1.70). Exercise behavior decreased during the follow-up period in both groups. Significant reductions in drinking behaviors and consequences were noted over time, but were not related to changes in exercise or the interventions (ds ≤ 0.01). This study underscores the complex nature of promoting 1 specific health behavior change with the goal of changing another. (PsycINFO Database Record

Prevalence of orthorexia nervosa among students at a rural university (1021.10)

Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is characterized by an obsession with healthy eating which when taken to the extreme may lead to severe weight loss, nutrient deficiencies and social isolation. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of ON tendencies among a sample of college students at a rural northern California university. A convenience sample of 448 male (n=95, 21%) and female (n=353, 79%) students from California State University, Chico completed an online survey which included demographic and lifestyle behavior questions, and the ORTO‐15, an instrument previously validated in European populations for measuring ON tendencies. Sixty‐five percent of the participants were Caucasian and their mean BMI was 24.4 ± 5.9, based on self‐reported height and weight. A majority of participants reported living with others (n=407, 90.8%), consuming an omnivorous diet (n=385, 85.9%), and taking supplements (n=259, 57.8%), while 41 participants (9.2%) reported consuming a specialized diet for health reasons. Of the 448 participants, 353 (81%) scored less than 40 on the ORTO‐15, indicating ON tendencies. Increased exercise frequency, younger age, vegetarian diet, and consuming a specialized diet were significant predictors of ON tendencies in this sample (p&lt; .05). Further research is needed to confirm these results in diverse populations and to guide nutrition education efforts aimed at preventing disordered eating among college students.