Increase In Cholesterol Levels Research Articles

Cholesterol dynamics in rabbit liver: High-fat diet, olive oil, and synergistic dietary effects

Background & aimsLipid metabolism disorders contribute to a range of human diseases, including liver-related pathologies. Rabbits, highly sensitive to dietary cholesterol, provide a model for understanding the development of liver disorders. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein isoform 2 (SREBP2) crucially regulates intracellular cholesterol pathways. Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) has shown reducing cholesterol levels and restoring liver parameters affected by HFD. The aim was to investigate the molecular impact of an HFD and supplemented with EVOO on rabbit liver cholesterol metabolism. Approach & resultsMale rabbits were assigned to dietary cohorts, including control, acute/chronic HFD, sequential HFD with EVOO, and EVOO. Parameters such as serum lipid profiles, hepatic enzymes, body weight, and molecular analyses. After 6 months of HFD, plasma and hepatic cholesterol increased with decreased SREBP2 and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) expression. Prolonged HFD increased cholesterol levels, upregulating SREBP2 mRNA and HMGCR protein. Combining this with EVOO lowered cholesterol, increased SREBP2 mRNA, and upregulated low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression. HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease was mitigated by EVOO. In conclusion, the SREBP2 system responds to dietary changes. ConclusionsIn rabbits, the SREBP2 system responds to dietary changes. Acute HFD hinders cholesterol synthesis, while prolonged HFD disrupts regulation, causing SREBP2 upregulation. EVOO intake prompts LDLR upregulation, potentially enhancing cholesterol clearance and restoring hepatic alterations.

PNLIPRP1 hypermethylation in exocrine pancreas links type 2 diabetes and cholesterol metabolism.

We postulated that T2D predisposes to exocrine pancreatic diseases through (epi)genetic mechanisms. We explored the methylome (methylationEPIC arrays) of the exocrine pancreas of 141 donors, assessing the impact of T2D. Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) for T2D identified a hypermethylation in an enhancer of the Pancreatic-Lipase-Related-Protein 1 (PNLIPRP1) gene, associated with decreased PNLIPRP1 expression. PNLIPRP1 null variants (in 191K participants of the UKbiobank) associated with elevated glycemia and LDL-cholesterol. Mendelian Randomisation using 2.5M SNP OmniArrays in 111 donors evidenced that T2D was causal of PNLIPRP1 hypermethylation, which was causal for LDL-cholesterol. Further AR42J rat exocrine cell studies demonstrated that Pnliprp1 knockdown induced acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, a known pre-pancreatic cancer state, and increased cholesterol levels, reversible with statin. This (epi)genetic study suggests a role for PNLIPRP1 in human metabolism and on exocrine pancreas function with potential implications for pancreatic diseases.

Analysis of Waist-to-Hip Ratio with Total Cholesterol Levels in Obese and Non-Obese Employees at El Tari Airport Kupang

Increased cholesterol levels are one of the causes of obesity. One type of obesity is central obesity, characterized by the amount of accumulation of fat in the abdominal area. Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) measurement is more potent than Body Mass Index (BMI) in predicting cardiovascular disease risk. WHR is also used to identity the occurrence of central obesity, which is a risk factor for elevated cholesterol levels. This study aimed to analyze the difference in total cholesterol levels in the group of normal and above normal WHR employees at El Tari Airport, Kupang. This study was an observational analytic type with the cross-sectional method and used venous blood samples to measure total cholesterol levels and WHR. Data analysis using independent sample t-test. The results of the independent sample t-test showed a significant difference in total cholesterol levels between obese employees (above normal WHR) and non-obese employees (normal WHR). The significance result is 0.027 (p < 0.05) in the independent sample t-test. This indicates that WHR can be used to identify central obesity in a person and also person with above normal WHR tend to have high total cholesterol levels.

Evaluating the Usage of Janus Kinase Inhibitors in Rheumatology and Its Impact on Cardiovascular Risk.

Background/purpose Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have been widely used in treating rheumatological conditions like rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Despite their efficacy, there are concerns regarding major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with JAK inhibitors. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of MACE, VTE, and the impact on lipid profiles in patients being treated with JAK inhibitors. Methods We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of patients aged 45-65 years old treated with Tofacitinib, Baricitinib, or Upadacitinib in a rheumatology clinic. We collected data on demographics, comorbidities, medication use, laboratory results, and cardiac complications potentially related to JAK inhibitors. Results Among 100 patients prescribed JAK inhibitors, 71 were included in the study (with an average treatment duration of 2.5 years). The majority of patients were white (72%), followed by Hispanic (6%), Indian (11%), African American (10%), and Asian (1%). Patients were being treated primarily for RA (57%), followed by PsA (17%), colitis (20%), and alopecia areata (6%). There were no significant cases of VTE reported, with one patient developing a pulmonary embolism (PE) during treatment while also having COVID-19, making it difficult to attribute it solely to the medication. Similarly, only one case of atrial fibrillation occurred. However, 43% (31 patients) experienced worsening of their lipid profile, with increased cholesterol (18%), LDL (12.5%), both LDL and cholesterol (11%)or triglycerides (1.5%). In relation to diabetes mellitus (DM), 24 patients who experienced worsening of their lipid panel did not have a history of DM. Conclusion The study findings suggest that patients on Tofacitinib, Baricitinib, and Upadacitinib did not exhibit a high risk for MACE or DVT. However, there was a notable incidence of lipid panel worsening among patients, where 24 patients out of 31 did not havediabetes. Further research and monitoring may be needed to better understand the long-term effects of JAK inhibitors on cardiovascular health and lipid profiles in these patient populations. This real-world data reflects the current evidence that JAK inhibitors do not significantly raise the risk of MACE in patients with RAbut do increase cholesterol levels in these patients that should be monitored closely.

Chemical characteristics of traditional fish crackers (kemplang) heated using a microwave oven

Fish crackers (kemplang) are distinctive foods produced in Palembang, Indonesia, but their production process involves conventional frying using oil, which is very dangerous for health because it can cause heart disease and increase cholesterol levels. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the chemical characteristics of Palembang fish crackers heated using a microwave oven. A factorial randomized block design was used with two treatment factors, the addition of eggs (A) as well as the difference in water content (B). Factor A has 3 sublevels of A1 = without eggs, A2 = egg yolks, A3 = whites and yolks, while B has 2, including B1 = 7.5±1%, and B2 = 13.5±1%. The parameters observed include water, protein, fat and amino acid contents. The results showed that the water content of the crackers decreased significantly, while the protein and amino acid levels increased after heating. The reduced fat content was caused by increased oxidation due to the increased temperature. Palembang fish crackers (kemplang) with high protein and amino acids can be produced using a dough formulation with the addition of eggs and water content of 13.5±1%. Furthermore, the use of a microwave oven is a healthier alternative to conventional methods

THE RELATIONSHIP OF DIET WITH INCREASED CHOLESTEROL LEVELS OF ELDERLY IN DILABAN VILLAGE, MENGANTI SUB-DISTRICT, GRESIK REGENCY

Background: One of the factors causing the increase in cholesterol levels in the elderly is an unhealthy diet, namely consuming high-fat foods such as offal, meat, and coconut milk of food. An unhealthy diet for the elderly, namely consuming high-fat foods such as offal, meat, and coconut milk foods can result in increased cholesterol. Objectives: The study aimed to determine the relationship between diet and increased cholesterol levels of the elderly in Dilaban Village, Menganti Sub-district, Gresik Regency. Methods: The design of this study is a correlational analysis with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was all elderly people who suffer from cholesterol at the Posyandu for the Elderly in Dilaban Village, Menganti Sub-district, Gresik Regency in May-August 2023, a total of 63 people. The sample size of this study was 54 respondents. A side technique of this research is using a simple random sampling. Data analysis technique using chi-square test. The instrument used was the Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) questionnaire to measure eating patterns, while the increase in cholesterol levels was measured by observation. Results: The result of this study showed that most respondents' eating patterns were poor as many as 41 respondents (75.9%), most respondents had high cholesterol levels as many as 35 respondents (64.8%). The result of the chi-square test showed that p-value = 0.000 < α = 0.050 so that H1 was accepted, so there was a relationship between diet and increasing cholesterol levels in the elderly in Dilaban Village, Menganti Sub-district, Gresik Regency. Conclusion: Efforts made by health workers so that the elderly does not experience an increase in cholesterol levels are providing communication, information, and education to the elderly so that they maintain their diet and their cholesterol levels are normal.

Hubungan Kelebihan Berat Badan Karyawan Dengan Peningkatan Kadar Kolesterol Di Balai Kesehatan Kebun Jatirono Kecamatan Kalibaru

This research reviews the relationship between body weight and increased cholesterol levels. This research was carried out at the Kebun Jatirono Health Center, Kalibaru District, Banyuwangi using observational analytical research and using cross-sectional measurements because in this research the researcher aims to determine the existence of a relationship between the two variables being studied by only observing without intervention on the variables to be studied and measurements or observations of respondents who were overweight were 22 employees or 73.3%. Then, most of the employees at the Kebun Jatirono Health Center, Kalibaru Banyuwangi District who were respondents experienced increased cholesterol levels, namely 14 people or 46.7% had moderate cholesterol levels. And there is a relationship between employee overweight and increased cholesterol levels at the Kebun Jatirono Health Center, Kalibaru Banyuwangi District. Using the Spearman Rank Correlation statistical test, the calculated ρ value = 0.573 > from the table ρ value = 5% Error Degree = 0.363 and 1% Error Degree = 0.478.

Bilateral gene therapy in children with autosomal recessive deafness 9: single-arm trial results

Gene therapy is a promising approach for hereditary deafness. We recently showed that unilateral AAV1-hOTOF gene therapy with dual adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 1 carrying human OTOF transgene is safe and associated with functional improvements in patients with autosomal recessive deafness 9 (DFNB9). The protocol was subsequently amended and approved to allow bilateral gene therapy administration. Here we report an interim analysis of the single-arm trial investigating the safety and efficacy of binaural therapy in five pediatric patients with DFNB9. The primary endpoint was dose-limiting toxicity at 6 weeks, and the secondary endpoint included safety (adverse events) and efficacy (auditory function and speech perception). No dose-limiting toxicity or serious adverse event occurred. A total of 36 adverse events occurred. The most common adverse events were increased lymphocyte counts (6 out of 36) and increased cholesterol levels (6 out of 36). All patients had bilateral hearing restoration. The average auditory brainstem response threshold in the right (left) ear was >95 dB (>95 dB) in all patients at baseline, and the average auditory brainstem response threshold in the right (left) ear was restored to 58 dB (58 dB) in patient 1, 75 dB (85 dB) in patient 2, 55 dB (50 dB) in patient 3 at 26 weeks, and 75 dB (78 dB) in patient 4 and 63 dB (63 dB) in patient 5 at 13 weeks. The speech perception and the capability of sound source localization were restored in all five patients. These results provide preliminary insights on the safety and efficacy of binaural AAV gene therapy for hereditary deafness. The trial is ongoing with longer follow-up to confirm the safety and efficacy findings. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry registration: ChiCTR2200063181.

Differential regulation of STARD1, STARD4 and STARD6 in the human ovary.

Cells actively engaged in de novo steroidogenesis rely on an expansive intracellular network to efficiently transport cholesterol. The final link in the transport chain is STARD1, which transfers cholesterol to the enzyme complex that initiates steroidogenesis. However, the regulation of ovarian STARD1 is not fully characterized, and even less is known about the upstream cytosolic cholesterol transporters STARD4 and STARD6. Here, we identified both STARD4 and STARD6 mRNAs in the human ovary but only detected STARD4 protein since the primary STARD6 transcript turned out to be a splice variant. Corpora lutea contained the highest levels of STARD4 and STARD1 mRNA and STARD1 protein, while STARD4 protein was uniformly distributed across ovarian tissues. Cyclic AMP analog (8Br-cAMP) and phorbol ester (PMA) individually increased STARD1 and STARD4 mRNA along with STARD1 protein and its phosphoform in cultured primary human luteinized granulosa cells (hGCs). STARD6 transcripts and STARD4 protein were unresponsive to these stimuli. Combining lower doses of PMA and 8Br-cAMP blunted the 8Br-cAMP stimulation of STARD1 protein. Increasing cholesterol levels by blocking its conversion to steroid with aminoglutethimide or by adding LDL reduced the STARD4 mRNA response to stimuli. Sterol depletion reduced the STARD1 mRNA and protein response to PMA. These data support a possible role for STARD4, but not STARD6, in supplying cholesterol for steroidogenesis in the ovary. We demonstrate for the first time how cAMP, PMA and sterol pathways separately and in combination differentially regulate STARD4, STARD6 and STARD1 mRNA levels, as well as STARD1 and STARD4 protein in human primary ovarian cells.

Role of miR-128-3p and miR-195-5p as biomarkers of coronary artery disease in Indians: a pilot study

Coronary artery disease (CAD) imposes a significant economic burden in developing countries like India. Timely diagnosis and treatment should be prioritized to mitigate the disease. Current diagnostic tools being invasive and less specific raise the need to develop less invasive and more reliable molecular biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an emerging class of molecules that can serve as a potential source of non-invasive biomarkers for CAD. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of circulatory miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers in CAD. In this study, we have reported two microRNAs, miR-128-3p and miR-195-5p in the serum of CAD patients in Indian Population. A total of 124 subjects were recruited which included 89 angiographically proven CAD patients and 35 control subjects. Our results show a significant decrease in the levels of miR-128-3p in CAD patients while there were no significant changes in the levels of miR-195-5p. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed the potential role of miR-128-3p in cholesterol homeostasis. Altered homeostasis due to cholesterol accumulation in macrophages is the driving force behind formation of foam cells which in turn accelerates the progression of CAD. Here, we have shown that miR-128-3p increases cholesterol levels in macrophages by decreasing cholesterol efflux in-vitro.

Liver-specific Lxr inhibition represses reverse cholesterol transport in cholesterol-fed mice

Background and aimsHigh density lipoprotein (HDL) exerts an anti-atherosclerotic effect via reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Several phases of RCT are transcriptionally controlled by Liver X receptors (Lxrs). Although macrophage Lxrs reportedly promote RCT, it is still uncertain whether hepatic Lxrs affect RCT in vivo. MethodsTo inhibit Lxr-dependent pathways in mouse livers, we performed hepatic overexpression of sulfotransferase family cytosolic 2B member 1 (Sult2b1) using adenoviral vector (Ad-Sult2b1). Ad-Sult2b1 or the control virus was intravenously injected into wild type mice and Lxrα/β double knockout mice, under a normal or high-cholesterol diet. A macrophage RCT assay and an HDL kinetic study were performed. ResultsHepatic Sult2b1 overexpression resulted in reduced expression of Lxr-target genes - ATP-binding cassette transporter G5/G8, cholesterol 7α hydroxylase and Lxrα itself - respectively reducing or increasing cholesterol levels in HDL and apolipoprotein B–containing lipoproteins (apoB-L). A macrophage RCT assay revealed that Sult2b1 overexpression inhibited fecal excretion of macrophage-derived 3H-cholesterol only under a high-cholesterol diet. In an HDL kinetic study, Ad-Sult2b1 promoted catabolism/hepatic uptake of HDL-derived cholesterol, thereby reducing fecal excretion. Finally, in Lxrα/β double knockout mice, hepatic Sult2b1 overexpression increased apoB-L levels, but there were no differences in HDL levels or RCT compared to the control, indicating that Sult2b1-mediated effects on HDL/RCT and apoB-L were distinct: the former was Lxr-dependent, but not the latter. ConclusionsHepatic Lxr inhibition negatively regulates circulating HDL levels and RCT by reducing Lxr-target gene expression.

Subacute cadmium exposure changes different metabolic functions, leading to type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus features in female rats.

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that acts as endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). Few studies have investigated the effects of Cd exposure on metabolic dysfunctions, such as type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). Thus, we assessed whether subacute Cd exposure at occupational levels causes abnormalities in white adipose tissue (WAT), liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. We administered cadmium chloride (CdCl2) (100 ppm in drinking water for 30 days) to female rats and evaluated Cd levels in serum and metabolic organs, morphophysiology, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and gene expression. High Cd levels were found in serum, WAT, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. Cd-exposed rats showed low adiposity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress compared to controls. Cd exposure reduced adipocyte size, hyperleptinemia, increased cholesterol levels, inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis in WAT. Cd-exposed rats had increased liver cholesterol levels, insulin receptor beta (IRβ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC1α) expression, karyomegaly, inflammation, and fibrosis. Cd exposure reduced insulin levels and pancreatic islet size and increased inflammation and fibrosis. Cd exposure reduced skeletal muscle fiber diameter and increased IR expression and inflammation. Finally, strong positive correlations were observed between serum, tissue Cd levels, abnormal morphology, tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, these data suggest that subacute Cd exposure impairs WAT, liver, pancreas and skeletal muscle function, leading to T1DM and T2DM features and other complications in female rats.

Age-Dependent Differences in Postprandial Bile-Acid Metabolism and the Role of the Gut Microbiome.

Ageing changes the impact of nutrition, whereby inflammation has been suggested to play a role in age-related disabilities such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in postprandial bile-acid response and its effect on energy metabolism between young and elderly people. Nine young, healthy men and nine elderly, healthy men underwent a liquid mixed-meal test. Postprandial bile-acid levels, insulin, glucose, GLP-1, C4, FGF19 and lipids were measured. Appetite, body composition, energy expenditure and gut microbiome were also measured. The elderly population showed lower glycine conjugated CDCA and UDCA levels and higher abundances of Ruminiclostridium, Marvinbryantia and Catenibacterium, but lower food intake, decreased fat free mass and increased cholesterol levels. Aging is associated with changes in postprandial bile-acid composition and microbiome, diminished hunger and changes in body composition and lipid levels. Further studies are needed to determine if these changes may contribute to malnutrition and sarcopenia in elderly.

Evaluating the relationship between blood lipids, cardiac risk index, and suicidal behaviors in first-episode psychosis

IntroductionSchizophrenia patients have demonstrated a high prevalence of suicidal behavior. There isn’t yet a definitive explanation of the neurobiological mechanisms of suicidal behavior (SB) in psychotic patients. While subthreshold indices of dyslipidemia were observed in schizophrenia patients, it has shown that there is a relationship between dyslipidemia and suicidal behavior.ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate possible associations between SB and lipid profile including cardiovascular biomarkers in first-episode psychosis (FEP) as compared with healthy controls (HC).MethodsThe study sample consisted of 173 subjects (111 male, 62 female). The sample included 31 drug- naïve FEP patients with current SB (FEP+S), 66 drug-naïve FEP patients without SB (FEP-S), and 76 mentally and medically HC subjects. Blood samples were collected from all participants to determine total cholesterol (TC), low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL), and triglycerides (TG). Castelli Risk Index-I, Castelli Risk Index-II, and atherogenic index were calculated. Symptoms were assessed by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for pairwise comparisons of account of lipid parameters in three groups. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the predictive power of lipid profile in the presence of SB in FEP.ResultsThe results of Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that a statistical difference was found in TC and TG between groups. Despite statistical significance was observed in TG between all patient groups (FEP+S and FEP-S) and controls, as well as in TC between FEP-S and controls, there was no significant difference between FEP-S and FEP+S for any lipid parameters or cardiovascular biomarkers. No significant correlation was identified between lipid profile and symptom severity. No significant relationships were able to predict the presence of SB in FEP.ConclusionsIn this study, plasma levels of lipid parameters and biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in all patient groups (FEP+S and FEP-S) and HC were compared. Current results show no linkage between SB and lipid profile, but significantly lower levels of cholesterol in FEP. Therefore, cholesterol might have a protective role in terms of psychosis while CI1, CI2, and AI were not increased in psychosis. Thus, increased cholesterol levels or cardiovascular risk in schizophrenia patients, that several studies found, may ensue after antipsychotic use. Overall, present findings suggest that lipid profile abnormalities are specifically associated with FEP rather than SB. Controversy of results may reveal that research on SB requires an understanding of whether the patient had concomitant psychosis.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

THE ROLE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN DIET IN PREVENTING MALE INFERTILITY: AN INTERVIEW WITH DR. MIGUEL FORNES (PT-BR VERSION)

Introduction: The interview with Dr. Miguel Fornes, a researcher at CONICET and director of the Andrological Research Laboratory of Mendoza, Argentina, discusses his research on the effects of a high-fat diet on male reproductive health and infertility related to hypercholesterolemia. Objectives: Dr. Fornes' primary research objective is to investigate how dietary fat excess and the consequent increase in cholesterol affect sperm physiology and function, specifically concerning capacitation, acrosomal reaction, and egg fertilization. Results: Studies conducted by Dr. Fornes' laboratory have revealed that a high-fat diet promotes hypercholesterolemia, which in turn increases cholesterol levels in sperm. This cholesterol increase interferes with sperm's normal physiology, hindering proper acrosomal reaction, a crucial step for fertilization. Discussion: The importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet such as the Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil, fruits, and vegetables, was emphasized. He highlights the benefits of olive oil, which contains antioxidant molecules that help protect cells from oxidative stress caused by excess fat. Conclusion: Dr. Fornes' research and his team have significant implications for clinical interventions and dietary guidelines to improve male reproductive health. Their results reinforce the importance of a healthy and balanced diet, especially rich in olive oil, to prevent hypercholesterolemia and maintain normal sperm function, thereby contributing to male fertility.

Practices in the prescription of antiseizure medications: is it time to change?

The treatment of epilepsy has advanced over the past 30 years through the development of new antiseizure medications (ASMs). Unfortunately, not all of them have been approved yet in Brazil, and many are still underused. When comparing new ASMs to older ones, they are generally not more effective in treating epilepsy. However, they offer better tolerability, with fewer interactions and long-term side effects, especially for patients with comorbidities or those requiring polytherapy. Enzyme induction caused by older ASMs is associated with increased cholesterol levels, drug interactions with decreased effects of statins and other cardiovascular medications, anticoagulants, chemotherapy, immunosuppressors, anti-infective agents (including HIV treatment), antidepressants, and contraceptives. Additionally, they can reduce levels of vitamin D and sex hormones, as well as decrease bone density. The increasing concern about these effects during life, especially after prolonged exposure, has led most developed countries to change prescription patterns in favor of new ASMs, particularly levetiracetam and lamotrigine. Both are also considered the safest options for women of childbearing age. Regrettably, the prescription trends in Brazil have remained largely unchanged over time. This can be partially attributed to the slower approval process of ASM and the reluctance of general physicians and neurologists to embrace these new concepts. In this concise review, we highlight the various advantages linked to the new ASM, aiming to promote a shift in the prescription pattern for ASM. The selection of ASM should be customized according to individual characteristics, and practical suggestions for choosing ASMs are provided in this paper.

Gene variants and clinical characteristics of children with sitosterolemia

ObjectiveTo enhance the detection, management and monitoring of Chinese children afflicted with sitosterolemia by examining the physical characteristics and genetic makeup of pediatric patients.MethodsIn this group, 26 children were diagnosed with sitosterolemia, 24 of whom underwent genetic analysis. Patient family medical history, physical symptoms, tests for liver function, lipid levels, standard blood tests, phytosterol levels, cardiac/carotid artery ultrasounds, fundus examinations, and treatment were collected.ResultsThe majority (19, 73.1%) of the 26 patients exhibited xanthomas as the most prevalent manifestation. The second most common symptoms were joint pain (7, 26.9%) and stunted growth (4, 15.4%). Among the 24 (92.3%) patients whose genetics were analyzed, 16 (66.7%) harbored ABCG5 variants (type 2 sitosterolemia), and nearly one-third (8, 33.3%) harbored ABCG8 variants (type 1 sitosterolemia). Additionally, the most common pathogenic ABCG5 variant was c.1166G > A (p.Arg389His), which was found in 10 patients (66.7%). Further analysis did not indicate any significant differences in pathological traits among those carrying ABCG5 and ABCG8 variations (P > 0.05). Interestingly, there was a greater abundance of nonsense variations in ABCG5 than in ABCG8 (P = 0.09), and a greater frequency of splicing variations in ABCG8 than ABCG5 (P = 0.01). Following a change in diet or a combination of ezetimibe, the levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein were markedly decreased compared to the levels reported before treatment.ConclusionSitosterolemia should be considered for individuals presenting with xanthomas and increased cholesterol levels. Phytosterol testing and genetic analysis are important for early detection. Managing one’s diet and taking ezetimibe can well control blood lipids.

Differences in Cholesterol Levels in Coffee Drinkers Without Sugar and Coffee Drinkers With Sugar in The Work Area

Indonesia is one of the coffee-producing countries as well as coffee bean exporters which ranks fourth in the world. Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world which has become a major need for people without realizing it. Based on the results of previous studies that coffee drinkers using sugar can increase cholesterol levels. Excessive cholesterol in the body will accumulate in the walls of blood vessels and cause a condition called atherosclerosis, namely narrowing or hardening of the arteries. This condition is the forerunner of heart disease and stroke. This study aims to determine differences in cholesterol levels in coffee drinkers without sugar and coffee drinkers using sugar in the working area of Karang Pule. This research is an analytical observation using capillary blood samples of respondents who drink coffee without sugar and drink coffee with sugar. The data obtained in this study were recorded and presented in tabular form and analyzed descriptively. From the results of the study, it was found that the results of examining cholesterol levels in coffee drinkers without sugar were 15 people with an average cholesterol level of 169 mg/dl. Meanwhile, coffee drinkers using sugar were 15 people with an average cholesterol level examination of 242 mg/dl

Cost effective and efficient technique for removing per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water

AbstractPer‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals, which can leak into the surrounding environment, such as water and soil, from water‐resistant manufactured products where they remain highly persistent due to their strong chemical bonds. PFAS have been found in human blood and can cause thyroid disease, increased cholesterol levels, liver damage, kidney cancer, and testicular cancer in humans. The goal of this study is to test the effectiveness of sorption and degradation removal methods on PFAS. The sorption method involves the use of biochar. Biochar can hold the PFAS in a concentrated area through electrostatic and hydrophobic properties. The degradation method involves using powerful ultraviolet (UV) light, in which free radicals will be produced and help break down PFAS molecules into simpler ones such as carbon and fluorine. The sorption experiment tested various modified corn biochar and the effect on perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS). It was found that biochar did have a positive removal effect on PFBS, and the biochar with the most modifications had the highest removal rate. The degradation experiment tested the effect of UV light and other modifications on PFBS. It was found that UV light did have a positive removal effect on PFBS, and the UV light combined with other modifications had a higher removal effect.

Optimizing Heart Attack Prediction Through OHE2LM: A Hybrid Modelling Strategy

Predicting heart attacks stands as a significant concern contributing to global morbidity. Within clinical data analysis, cardiovascular disease emerges as a pivotal focus for forecasting, wherein Data Science and machine learning (ML) offer invaluable tools. These methodologies aid in predicting heart attacks by considering various risk factors Just like high blood pressure, increased cholesterol levels, irregular pulse rates, and diabetes, this research aims to enhance the accuracy of predicting heart disease through machine learning techniques.This study introduces a MLdriven approach, termed ML-ELM, dedicated to forecasting heart attacks by analysing diverse risk factors. The proposed ML-ELM model is compared with alternative Utilizing machine learning techniques like Support Vector Machines, Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, and XGBoost is a key aspect of this exploration into different approaches for predictive modeling., is part of the research strategy. The dataset utilized for heart disease symptoms is sourced from the UCI ML Repository. The outcomes reveal that our proposed ML-ELM model has demonstrated superior predictive performance among the ML techniques tested. ML models show notable efficiency in identifying heart attack symptoms, particularly with boosting algorithms. Accuracy assessments were employed to gauge the predictive ability, Our suggested model demonstrated an outstanding accuracy rate of 96.77%.