Increase Soil Productivity Research Articles

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonium L.) Terhadap Pupuk NPK

North Sumatra is shallots. Shallot (Allium ascolonicum L.) is a horticulture that has many benefits for people's lives, both from economic value and nutritional content, so that shallot production increases every year and is proven based on BPS (Central Statistics Agency) for the last 5 years. The effort needed to meet the needs of shallot production is to increase soil productivity, using the addition of NPK fertilizer. This study used factorial randomized group design (RAK). For accuracy in this study, it was repeated 3 times. namely: NPK fertilizer (N) with 3 levels, namely: N0 = Control, N1 = 5 g/plant, and N2 = 10 g/plant. The results of the Anova Variance test showed that the response of NPK fertilizer treatment to plant height 3 mst, 4 mst, 5 mst, 6 mst and wet weight of tubers per plot (g) had a significant effect, but the observation of the number of tubers per sample plant (tubers), and the diameter of tubers per sample (mm) had no significant effect. Keywords: NPK fertilizer, NPK dosage, and shallots

Pengaruh Aplikasi Pupuk NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Wortel (Daucus carota L.)

Indonesia is one of the tropical countries that has a variety of plants including vegetables and fruits. One that has the largest production is carrots (Daucus carota L.). Carrots are a type of shrub-shaped vegetable plant, which grows upright with a height of 30-100 cm or more. Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are a tuberous vegetable type plant that is usually reddish yellow or yellowish orange with a wood-like texture. The edible part of a carrot is the bulb or root. The plant stores food reserves in the bulb. The stem is short, has a taproot that changes its shape and function into a round and elongated tuber. The skin of carrot bulbs is thin and if eaten raw, it feels crunchy and slightly sweet. Here's a picture of a carrot plant. One way to increase the yield of carrot plants is by increasing soil productivity, using the addition of NPK fertilizer. This study used a factorial randomized group design (RAK). For accuracy in this study, it was repeated 3 times. namely: NPK fertilizer (N) with 3 levels, namely: N0 = Control, N1 = 15 g/plot, and N2 = 25 g/plot. From the ANOVA test results, the variance of treatments that have a significant effect is continued with the Duncan DMRT test at the 5% level. The results of the ANOVA test showed that the effect of NPK fertilizer treatment on plant height 21 hst and 28 hst, the number of leaves had no significant effect, but the observation of the diameter of the base of the tuber, the fresh weight of the plant per sample and the fresh weight of the plant per plot had a significant effect. Keywords: NPK fertilizer, NPK dosage, and carrot plants

Effects of Compost Application of Green Waste on Soil Properties: A Meta-Analysis

Objective: With the accelerating urbanization process, the garden area is gradually expanding, and the production of green waste is also increasing. Composting green waste can not only reduce environmental pollution caused by incineration and landfill and improve the utilization efficiency of resources but also improve the soil and increase soil productivity. The study aims to investigate the comprehensive impact of green waste compost (GWC) application on soil nutrient conditions. Through comprehensive data analysis, the impact of compost application of green waste on soil properties was revealed as a reference for compost application and fertilizer reduction. Methods: Based on meta-analysis, we quantitatively investigated the response of soil properties to the application of green waste, collected published experimental data, and integrated 25 domestic and international literature to analyze the effects of different soil properties on soil nutrients. Literature was used to analyze the impact of different application rates of GWC on the physicochemical properties of soils with varying pH levels. The results were compared to control conditions with no GWC application. Results: The application of significantly improved soil quality by reducing soil bulk density and increasing the levels of soil organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and dehydrogenase activity. The increases in available potassium and soil organic carbon were consistently significant across all subgroups. However, the effects on available phosphorus and organic matter varied in significance depending on initial soil pH. Soil bulk density was influenced by the GWC content, while dehydrogenase activity showed significant effects only when initial soil pH was ≥8. Total nitrogen levels were significantly impacted by GWC application in soil with an initial pH of <8 and at GWC contents of ≥50%. Conclusion: The application of green waste compost demonstrates a positive effect on soil improvement. This study provides a comprehensive database that supports the use of GWC in enhancing soil quality and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.

Rapid Analysis of Soil Organic Carbon in Agricultural Lands: Potential of Integrated Image Processing and Infrared Spectroscopy

The significance of soil in the agricultural industry is profound, with healthy soil representing an important role in ensuring food security. In addition, soil is the largest terrestrial carbon sink on earth. The soil carbon pool is composed of both inorganic and organic forms. The equilibrium of the soil carbon pool directly impacts the carbon cycle via all of the other processes on the planet. With the development of agricultural systems from traditional to conventional ones, and with the current era of precision agriculture, which involves making decisions based on information, the importance of understanding soil is becoming increasingly clear. The control of microenvironment conditions and soil fertility represents a key factor in achieving higher productivity in these systems. Furthermore, agriculture represents a significant contributor to carbon emissions, a topic that has become timely given the necessity for carbon neutrality. In addition to these concerns, updating soil-related data, including information on macro and micronutrient conditions, is important. Carbon represents one of the major nutrients for crops and plays a key role in the retention and release of other nutrients and the management of soil physical properties. Despite the importance of carbon, existing analytical methods are complex and expensive. This discourages frequent analyses, which results in a lack of soil carbon-related data for agricultural fields. From this perspective, in situ soil organic carbon (SOC) analysis can provide timely management information for calibrating fertilizer applications based on the soil–carbon relationship to increase soil productivity. In addition, the available data need frequent updates due to rapid changes in ecosystem services and the use of extensive fertilizers and pesticides. Despite the importance of this topic, few studies have investigated the potential of image analysis based on image processing and spectral data recording. The use of spectroscopy and visual color matching to develop SOC predictions has been considered, and the use of spectroscopic instruments has led to increased precision. Our extensive literature review shows that color models, especially Munsell color charts, are better for qualitative purposes and that Cartesian-type color models are appropriate for quantification. Even for the color model, spectroscopy data could be used, and these data have the potential to improve the precision of measurements. On the other hand, mid-infrared radiation (MIR) and near-infrared radiation (NIR) diffuse reflection has been reported to have a greater ability to predict SOC. Finally, this article reports the availability of inexpensive portable instruments that can enable the development of in situ SOC analysis from reflection and emission information with the integration of images and spectroscopy. This integration refers to machine learning algorithms with a reflection-oriented spectrophotometer and emission-based thermal images which have the potential to predict SOC without the need for expensive instruments and are easy to use in farm applications.

Delineation of Soil Fertility Status and KVK Intervention to Improve the Productivity of Pepper in TSP Villages of Namakkal District under Soil Health Card Mission

Soil is the most important resource needed for agriculture production. The unbalanced fertilizer application associated with more production by high yield varieties affects the soil quality vulnerably. Soils of tribal areas, having multi nutrient deficiencies due to intense cropping especially spices Pepper, coffee, cardamom and banana. Balanced application of plant nutrients is thus the only option to increase soil productivity for maintaining/enhancing the overall soil productivity. Delineation of soil nutrient status is an important practice to plan the nutrient scheduling for pepper crop. Hence 100 soil samples were collected from five adopted villages and tested its properties. Based on the analytical results, soil health cards issued along with fertilizer recommendation. Then 50 farmers were selected, trained all scientific package of practices through trainings. The field experiment was conducted in 50 farmer’s field in an area of 20 ha. Pepper variety Panniyur 1 was the test crop. Application of soil test based integrated nutrient management practice increased the yield attributes and yield of pepper. An average of Rs. 74,220/ha net profit could be obtained by adopting all scientific package of practices in the farm holdings.

Application of Dolomite as Soil Conditioner to pH and Exchangeable Al in Inceptisol

Soil fertility is the state of the soil where water, water and nutrients are in a state that is quite balanced and can be obtained according to the needs of plants, including the physical, chemical and biological needs of the soil. Lack of soil fertility will affect plant growth and productivity so that it is less than optimal. Therefore, it is very necessary to increase soil fertility through soil improvement, one of which is dolomite. Inceptisols are soil orders that have not developed further with the characteristics of a thick solum between 1.5-10 meters above the parent material, reacts acidly with a pH of 4.5-6.5, if it undergoes further development the pH increases to less than 5.0, and base saturation is from low to low. currently. The texture of this whole solum is generally clayey, while the structure is crumbly and the consistency is loose. In general, the fertility and chemical properties of Inceptisols are relatively low, but efforts can still be made to improve with appropriate handling and technology, pH in Inceptisol soils is one of the obstacles in efforts to increase soil productivity. The application of dolomite on acidic agricultural soils is to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of acid soils, which generally contain high enough quantities of exchangeable aluminum ions so that they can poison plants. This test was carried out at the Experimental Field of the Chemical Laboratory of Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency, West Java, which is located at an altitude of 794 m above sea level. The experiment used a randomized block design (RAK). In accordance with the objectives of the experiment, five dolomite test treatments were set with five replications. Dolomite affects the process of increasing pH and decreasing exchangeable Al. Giving the test dose of dolomite equivalent to 1.5 doses of dolomite was able to increase pH and decrease Al-exchable.

Effects of aftercrop tomato and maize on the soil microenvironment and microbial diversity in a long-term cotton continuous cropping field.

Long-term continuous cropping affects the soil microecological community and leads to nutrient imbalances, which reduces crop yields, and crop rotation can increase soil productivity. To study the effects of the cultivation of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and corn (Zea mays) on the microbial community, physical and chemical factors and the structure of aggregates in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) long-term continuous cropping soils were examined. Four cropping patterns were established, including one continuous cropping pattern and three crop rotation patterns, and the diversity of the soil microecological community was measured using high-throughput sequencing. The physical and chemical properties of different models of soil were measured, and the soil aggregate structure was determined by dry and wet sieving. Planting of aftercrop tomato and corn altered the bacterial community of the cotton continuous soil to a lesser extent and the fungal community to a greater extent. In addition, continuous cropping reduced the diversity and richness of the soil fungal community. Different aftercrop planting patterns showed that there were very high contents of soil organic carbon and organic matter in the cotton-maize rotation model, while the soil aggregate structure was the most stable in the corn-cotton rotation model. Planting tomato in continuous cropping cotton fields has a greater effect on the soil microbial community than planting maize. Therefore, according to the characteristics of different succeeding crop planting patterns, the damage of continuous cropping of cotton to the soil microenvironment can be alleviated directionally, which will enable the sustainable development of cotton production.

Rock Phosphate and Manures with Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria Increases the Growth, Yield and Phosphorus Uptake of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important plant nutrient for increasing soil productivity and sustainable crop production. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of seed inoculation by phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and organic and mineral P fertilizers on growth, yield and P uptake of okra. Phosphorus was applied at the rate of 90 kg ha-1 in the form of poultry manure (PM); sheep manure (SM) and rock phosphate (RP). Nine treatments were allocated for the experiment having PM, SM and RP alone, organic manures with RP in combination, or a mix of the three with PSB. The result revealed that sole application of SM at three growth stages gave maximum root and shoot growth, which was 75 and 78% more from control respectively. It is concluded that Leaf area (36%), chlorophyll contents (62%), yield (60%) and P uptake (31%) of okra were significantly enhanced by the integrated use of PM+SM+RP+PSB at all growth stages over control. Complementary application of this inoculants with manures and RP most favored okra growth and yield and can be considered as an appropriate substitute for chemical P fertilizer in organic and sustainable agricultural system.

KORELASI NILAI KADAR KARBON DENGAN ESTIMASI PRODUKTIFITAS PADI SAWAH VULKANIS GUNUNG TALANG

Organic carbon contributes to increasing soil productivity. In determining the soil fertility indicators, soil organic carbon mapping is required to provide information and demonstrate the distribution of organic carbon. In this study, remote sensing method testing was carried out by comparing data between observations in the field with rice productivity estimation data using Landsat 8 imagery. The observation was conducted on paddy fields with an area of about 4,800.86 ha in the volcanic region of Mount Talang. This research used a survey method with a grid system of 1,000 x 1,000 m intervals with a soil depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. The parameters of the soil observations carried out were bulk density, pH, and organic carbon. The results showed that Mount Talang volcanic rice fields had an estimated soil organic carbon stock of ±6,426.118 tons. A weak correlation was obtained between organic carbon and the estimated value of paddy rice productivity (r =0.024). Hence organic carbon in the study area could not be estimated with the value of lowland rice productivity.

Изучение вопроса о закупке красящих композиционных материалов на основе неорганического и органического сырья

The article states that one of the biggest problems of modern agriculture is to prevent the irreversible loss of fertile land on earth and to provide agriculture with new land. In this regard, it has become an urgent problem to use natural resources efficiently and restore damaged lands with various means and methods. In the studies conducted to solve the problem, the process of obtaining composite materials with fertilizer-ameliorant properties, which is of particular importance in increasing soil productivity and plant height, using inorganic and organic raw materials, was studied. It has been established that only applying fertilizers to ecologically damaged soils does not give positive results, because the structure and physical-chemical properties of the soils are damaged, and complex measures must be taken to restore them. The more intensive feeding of the plant with phosphorus with the participation of the magnesium element leads to the formation of water-resistant aggregates, which, as a result, percolation and infiltration decrease, and the amount of available phosphorus in the soil increases.

Productive use of natural resources in agriculture: The main policy lessons

Managing natural resources involves the sustainable use of land, water, air, minerals, forests, fisheries, and wildlife. These ecosystem services improve human life. Natural resources are fundamental to life despite their use for consumption and public goods. Environmental processes increase soil productivity, recycle nutrients, clean air and water, and regulate climate. This paper explores the impacts of agriculture productivity and alternative energy sources on natural resources, considering the roles of imports of goods and services and economic growth in China from 1980 to 2018. Results show that the agriculture productivity index and alternative energy sources decrease natural resource depletion, while economic growth and imports of goods and services increase it. The long-term use of natural resources must be maintained while minimizing their environmental impact and maximizing their social value. By planning or managing the world's natural resources, we can ensure their integrity for present and future generations, including air, water, land, flora, and fauna. Policymakers must ensure that the earth's capacity for producing renewable resources is maintained and improved wherever possible. Study limitations and future research directions are mentioned.

High-dimensional CFD optimization of a low-flow coefficient S–CO2 centrifugal compressor for enhanced oil recovery systems

The design of low-flow coefficient (∼0.01) centrifugal compressors with supercritical CO2 as working fluid is still a challenge for engineers due to its increased friction losses at the impeller. However, the reinjection pressure required for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) systems is achieved by compression trains with stages of high-Pressure Ratios (PR > 3) which can only be obtained by lowering the flow coefficient of the equipment. The carbon dioxide mitigation, due to the reinjection process, also increases oil productivity and extraction lifetime. A four-staged compression system was considered and the preliminary geometry of its last stage was considered herein after a 1D optimization that decreased the total required power of the system. In order to further increase the systems' performance, a CFD model was developed and submitted to Sensitivity Analysis (SA) and parametric optimization procedure, considering polar angles, meridional profile and vaneless diffuser passage (25 variables). The assessment of the sequential SA using, Morris' screening method Design of Experiment (DoE) and SS-ANOVA for variable ranking and response surface training, has exposed the method's limitation in recognizing interaction between variables since low-quality Response Surfaces (RS) were trained. However, the Incremental Space Filler (ISF) sampling has complemented the sample space screening, guarantying adequate RS at a low computational cost. This indirect optimization strategy that increased the equipment's polytropic efficiency by 1.19%, diminishing total entropy generation by 8.5% can deliver important cost reductions to the operation of EOR compression systems. The ‘entropy-guided’ phenomenology analysis strategy combined with SA results, identified that the narrowing of the vaneless diffuser has extinguished the recirculation present in the original geometry's impeller/diffuser interface region, which was the largest difference in the entropy histogram. Moreover, the enlargement of the impeller's meridional profile has smoothed the fluid flow change of direction (from axial to radial) and displaced the swirl structures that restricted the fluid flow in the main passage.

Mycotrichocompost and biochar addition on lead (Pb) content in the ex-gold mining soil for corn plant (Zea mays L.)

Gold mining land has a low level of soil fertility. One of the to increase soil fertility is the addition of micro-compost and biochar. Mycotrichocompost contains organic material enriched with microbes in the form of mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma therefore the organic compounds can bind to metal content. Biochar and together with organic matter can increase soil productivity as well as the retention and availability of nutrients for plants. The purpose of this study was to obtain the dose composition of mycotrichocompost and biochar in the binding of lead Pb content in ex-gold mine soil for corn planting. This research was carried out from June to September 2022. The study used a randomized group design which consisted of 2 treatments, mycotrichocompost treatment (0 tons ha−1, 5 tons ha−1, and 10 tons ha−1) and Biochar treatment (0 tons ha−1, 4 tons ha−1, 8 tons ha−1and 12 tons ha−1). The observed variables were Pb content, plant height, leaf length, number of leaves, leaf area index, and chlorophyll content. The results showed that mycotrichocompost and biochar addition showed an effect on Pb concentration, leaf length, and chlorophyll content. However, there was no relation between plant height and Leaf Area Index. This study concludes that the best treatment combination for Pb content is A3B2, leaf length is A3B2, and chlorophyll content is A3B2.

Biochar Blended with Nitrogen Fertilizer Promotes Maize Yield by Altering Soil Enzyme Activities and Organic Carbon Content in Black Soil

Biochar and nitrogen fertilizers are known to increase soil carbon storage and reduce soil nitrogen loss as amendments, suggesting a promising strategy for highly effectively increasing soil productivity. However, few studies have explored the mechanisms of their effects on crop yield in terms of active carbon fraction and enzyme activity, which ultimately limits the potential for the application of biochar in combination with nitrogen fertilizers. To evaluate the effect of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on the improvement of black soils in northeast China, a field experiment was conducted in the black soil to compare and analyze the application methods on total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), enzyme activities, and maize yields. Biochar rates: CK, C1, C2, and C3 (0, 9.8, 19.6, and 29.4 Mg·ha-1); N fertilizer rates: N1/2 and N (30 and 60 kg·ha-1). Results indicated that biochar and N fertilizer amendments significantly ameliorated soil fertility, such as TOC and TN, compared to the unamended soil. The TOC levels in the C3 treatment increased by 35.18% and the TN levels by 23.95%. The improvement in TN is more significant when biochar is blended with N fertilizer. Biochar blended with N fertilizer increased maize cellulase, urease, and invertase activities by an average of 53.12%, 58.13%, and 16.54%, respectively. Redundancy analysis showed that TOC, TN, and MBN contributed 42%, 16.2%, and 22.2%, respectively, to the maize yield indicator. Principal component analysis showed that reduced N fertilizer was more effective in improving yields, with a maximum yield increase of 50.74%. Biochar blended with N fertilizer is an effective strategy to improve the fertility and productivity of black soils in northeast China, while nitrogen fertilizer reduction is feasible and necessary for maintaining grain yield.

Initial Studies on the Effect of the Rice-Duck-Crayfish Ecological Co-Culture System on Physical, Chemical, and Microbiological Properties of Soils: A Field Case Study in Chaohu Lake Basin, Southeast China.

Rice-duck and rice-crayfish co-culture patterns can increase soil productivity and sustainability and reduce the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, thereby reducing the resulting negative environmental impacts. However, most studies have focused on the rice-duck and rice-crayfish binary patterns and have ignored integrated systems (three or more), which may have unexpected synergistic effects. To test these effects, a paddy field experiment was carried out in the Chaohu Lake Basin, Hefei city, Southeast China. Four groups, including a rice-duck-crayfish ecological co-culture system (RDC), idle field (CK), single-season rice planting system (SSR), and double-season rice planting system (DSR), were established in this study. The results showed that the RDC improved the soil physical properties, fertility, humus content, and enzyme activity. In the RDC system, the soil total nitrogen content ranged from 8.54% to 28.37% higher than other systems in the 0-10 cm soil layer. Similar increases were found for soil total phosphorus (8.22-30.53%), available nitrogen (6.93-22.72%), organic matter (18.24-41.54%), urease activity (16.67-71.51%), and acid phosphatase activity (23.41-66.20%). Relative to the SSR treatment, the RDC treatment reduced the total losses of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff by 24.30% and 10.29%, respectively. The RDC also did not cause any harm to the soil in terms of heavy metal pollution. Furthermore, the RDC improved the yield and quality of rice, farmer incomes, and eco-environmental profits. In general, the RDC can serve as a valuable method for the management of agricultural nonpoint-source pollution in the Chaohu Lake area and the revitalization of the countryside.

SOIL MANAGEMENT APPROACH FOR AGRICULTURE IN NEPAL: A REVIEW

This paper reviews the various approaches to soil management for agriculture in Nepal based on the already published information. Agricultural soil management must be included in SDG goals, as it needs more management practices and awareness. Though it is not closely related to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, it is necessary to do soil management to achieve most of the allocated goals. People must implement sustainable soil management approaches, which might increase soil productivity to catch the larger food demand. However, most of Nepal’s farmers are implementing a traditional cropping system along with poor management practices that hamper soil hazardously and decrease soil productivity. In contrast, few people apply sustainable practices like fodder promotion, integrated plant nutrient systems, reduced tillage, use of farmyard manure rather than chemicals, etc. These are proven to be beneficial, increase production and have a low impact on food security. The government of Nepal endorsed the soil and watershed conservation act in 1983, with its less proper implementation in the practical field needs to be revised. Subsequently poor soil management practices have significantly alluded the soil quality and crop productivity, steps are needed instantaneously to reverse the decreasing trends in crop production, taking sustainable soil management practices to ensure food security. Scientists or the Government of Nepal have to do time-to-time monitoring or evaluation of applied scientific methods like remote sensing, automatic monitoring, or assessment of various parameters like carbon sequestration, soil fertility, potential etc.

Effect of dolomite and micronutrients on the growth and yield of lowland rice on acid sulfate soil

Soil acidity, availability of P, base cations, micronutrients such as Cu and Zn, and climate change have become limiting factors in nutrient management on acid sulfate soils. Therefore, applying dolomite and micronutrient fertilizer is required to improve rice productivity and climate change adaptation. This study aims to determine the effect of dolomite, Cu, and Zn fertilizers on the growth and yield of rice in acid sulfate soils. The study was conducted in the greenhouse using a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted of control, 3 tons ha-1 dolomite application, and 4 levels of Cu and Zn fertilizer doses 0, 2, 4, and 6 g L-1. NPK as basal fertilizer was applied according to the recommended dose for all treatments. Observations included soil pH, dissolved Fe, plant height, number of tillers, number and weight of panicle, dry shoots weight, 1000 grains weight, yield, and nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Fe, Cu, and Zn). The results showed that applying dolomite 3 tons ha-1 significantly increased soil pH, growth, and yield of rice, but applying Cu and Zn fertilizers without dolomite cannot support the growth of rice. Combination of dolomite 3 tons ha-1 with Cu and Zn fertilizers 4 ml L-1 increased nutrient uptake of N, P, K, Cu, and Zn in grains around 16% - 35% compared to without micronutrient fertilizers. Applying a combination of dolomite and micronutrient fertilizers can increase soil productivity on acid sulfate soils, nutrient uptake, and increase rice yield.

Effectiveness of compost application in reducing inorganic fertilizer on soybean cultivation

One of the efforts to increase edamame's productivity is to increase soil productivity by using organic fertilizers. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of compost application with the reduction of inorganic fertilizers on the growth and production of edamame soybeans. The study was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Jakarta, from November 2020 to March 2021. The study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with five treatments, namely control (100% Recommendation Dose (RD) of inorganic fertilizer), 50% RD of inorganic fertilizer + compost 25 g plant-1, 50% RD of inorganic fertilizer + compost 37.5 g plant-1, 50% RD of inorganic fertilizer + compost 50 g plant-1, and 50 % RD of inorganic fertilizer + compost 62.5 g plant-1. The results showed that compost reduced the use of inorganic fertilizers by 50% with the recommended amount of compost being 25 g plant-1.

THE EFFECT OF RICE HUSK BIOCHAR AND NPK FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF RADISH IN RED YELLOW PODSOLIC SOIL

Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is an annual plant, In Podsolic Soil. Utilization red-yellow podsolic soil as a growing medium is fact with the characteristics of dense soil and high clay content, low organic matter content, moderate to high base saturation, generally low nutrient content of N, P, K, and low pH. Efforts to improve the physical and chemical properties of red-yellow podzolic soil can be carried out by giving balanced organic matter and inorganic fertilizers so that it is expected to increase soil productivity. One of the organic materials that can be used was rice husk biochar. NPK anorganik fertilizer is an important macro nutrient needed by plants in large quantities so it must be available in sufficient quantities contain the growing media. This study aims were to find the interaction of biochar and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of radish on Red Yellow Podsolik soil. This research was conducted from 27 April – 30 May 2022, in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak. The study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors. The first factor consisted of planting media, namely husk charcoal biochar (A) which consisted of 3 treatment levels and the second factor was NPK fertilizer (P) with 3 treatment levels. Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times and each experimental unit contained 4 sample plants, so there were 108 plants. The variables observed in this study were the number of leaves, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, tuber length, tuber diameter and tuber fresh weight. The results showed that the dose of 10 tons/ha of biochar and 400 kg/ha of NPK fertilizer gave the best results on the growth and yield of radish on red-yellow podzolic soil. Keywords : Fertilizer, Radish, Rice Husk Biochar, Red-Yellow Podzolic Soil, Response.

Towards multifunctional landscapes coupling low carbon feed and bioenergy production with restorative agriculture: Economic deployment potential of grass‐based biorefineries

Grass-based biomass from grasslands can be used as feedstock in green biorefineries (GBs) that produce a range of bio-products. In addition, adjustments made as part of crop rotation to increase areas under temporary grasslands can yield benefits such as carbon sequestration, increased soil productivity, reduced eutrophication, and reduced need for pesticides. A flexible modeling framework is developed to analyze the deployment options for GBs that use grass-clover to produce protein feed and feedstock for bioenergy. The focus was on optimal deployment, considering system configuration and operation, as well as land use changes designed to increase grass-clover cultivation on cropland. A case study involving 17 counties in Sweden showed that deployment of GB systems could support biomethane and protein feed production corresponding to 5%–60% and 13%–154%, respectively, of biomethane and soybean feed imports to Sweden in Year 2020. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.