Increase In Cancer Incidence Rates Research Articles

Pesticides, cancer, and oxidative stress: an application of machine learning to NHANES data

BackgroundThe large-scale application of pyrethroids and organophosphorus pesticides has great benefits for pest control. However, the increase of cancer incidence rate in recent years has also caused public concern about the health risks of pesticides. Hence, we utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to assess the association and risk between pesticide exposure and several cancers, along with the comprehensive impact of oxidative stress. In this study, six cancers and six common pesticides were included to analyze their correlation and risk. And the levels of eight oxidative stress marks and two inflammatory markers were used for stratified analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Machine learning prediction models were established to evaluate the importance of different exposure factors.ResultsAccording to the data analyzed, each pesticide increased the risk of three to four out of six cancers on average. Iron, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma glutamyl transferase levels positively correlated with cancer risk in most cases of pesticide exposure. Except for demographic factors, factors such as AST, iron, and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid showed high contributions to the random forest model, which was consistent with our expectations. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the prediction model had sufficient accuracy (74.2%).ConclusionOur results indicated that specific pesticide exposure increased the risk of cancer, which may be mediated by various oxidative stress mechanisms. Additionally, some biochemical indicators have the potential to be screened for cancer prevention.

Long-term trends in cancer incidence and mortality among U.S. children and adolescents: a SEER database analysis from 1975 to 2018.

Childhood and adolescent cancer represent a significant health burden in the United States. Current and precise epidemiological data are crucial to develop effective cancer control plans and ultimately reduce the burden of childhood and adolescent cancer. We analyzed data obtained from cancer registries in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Age-standardized incidence and death rates, assessed using joinpoint analysis, were quantified as annual percentage changes (APC) and average percentage changes (AAPC). The overall cancer incidence rate in 2008-2018 was 187.9 per 1,000,000 persons. Cancer incidence rates demonstrated a sustained upward trend, with an APC of 0.8 from 1975 to 2018. Incidence rates during 2008-2018 remained stable among non-Hispanic Black children but increased among other racial and ethnic groups. Leukemias, central nervous system tumors, and lymphomas were the most common cancer groups for patients aged 0-19 years. Cancer death rates decreased among children [AAPC, -1.3 (95% CI, -1.5 to -1.1)] during 2009-2019, while were stable among adolescents during that period. In this study, we analyzed cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends in children aged 0-19 years in the United States. Our findings revealed an overall increase in cancer incidence rates among children and adolescents, accompanied by a decline in cancer mortality rates over time. These rates and trends varied by age, sex, and particularly race and ethnicity, highlighting the significance of comprehending and addressing disparities and ultimately reducing the disease burden of childhood and adolescent cancer.

Poor sleep quality association with higher lung cancer risk: a nested case-control study.

Little is known about the relationship between sleep quality and lung cancer incidence. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the potential connection between sleep quality and lung cancer incidence. We performed and selected a nested case-control study that included 150 lung cancer cases and 150 matched controls based on the Lianyungang cohort. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was utilized to investigate the connection between potential risk factors and lung cancer incidence risk. In this study, the average age of participants was 66.5 ± 9.1 years, with 58.7% being male, and 52.7% reportedly experiencing sleep quality problems. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that poor sleep quality was connected to an increased lung cancer incidence risk (P = 0.033, odds ratio = 1.83, 95% confidence interval = [1.05-3.19]) compared with those with good sleep quality. The stratified analyses showed a significantly positive connection between poor sleep quality (vs. good sleep quality) and cancer risk in smokers (vs. non-smoker, P for interaction = 0.085). The combined effect analysis indicated that smokers with poor sleep quality suffered from a 2.79-fold increase in cancer incidence rates when compared with non-smokers with good sleep quality. Poor sleep quality was positively connected to an increased lung cancer incidence risk. In addition, among those individuals with poor sleep quality, smoking increased the lung cancer incidence risk.

POS-797 Neoplastic complications requiring conversion to sirolimus in kidney transplant recipients: multicentric Tunisian study

Transplant patients should be considered at high risk for the development of de novo post-transplant neoplasia. Several studies demonstrate a significant increase in cancer incidence rate after transplantation, although with a wide variability.

Changes in cancer incidence and survival among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Australia, 1997-2016.

This study reports cancer incidence and survival among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children and other Australian children, and assesses changes over time. Data were from the population-based Australian Childhood Cancer Registry. The study comprised children aged under 15 diagnosed between 1997 and 2016 and with mortality follow-up until 31 December 2017. Incidence trends were analysed using JoinPoint regression. Five-year cancer-specific survival was calculated using the semi-complete approach with survival comparisons made using multivariable flexible parametric models. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children accounted for 506 of 13,299 eligible cases (3.8%). Incidence rates for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children across the study period increased by 2.3% annually (95% confidence interval [CI]: +0.6% to +4.0%) and for other Australian children increased by 0.6% annually (95% CI: +0.3% to +0.9%; p = .05). Nonetheless, cancer incidence was consistently lower for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children, with an incidence rate ratio of 0.73 (95% CI: 0.62-0.85; p<.01) between 2012 and 2016. Survival for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children with solid tumours was 70.6% (95% CI: 62.5%-77.3%) and for other Australian children was 83.5% (95% CI: 82.3%-84.7%; p < .01), with indications of this difference diminishing in recent years. Improvements in identification, particularly in urban areas, most likely accounts for the greater increase in cancer incidence rates among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Examination of data on stage at diagnosis and treatment may provide important insights into survival for children with solid tumours.

RETRACTED: Molecular based treatment of oral cancer

Given the increase in the age distribution of the population, an increase in cancer incidence rates are to be expected. Oral cancer is a disfiguring disease that continues to increase in incidence, particularly in the young, and to an extent that cannot be fully explained by increased exposure to known risk factors. Despite extensive research on treatment modalities towards oral cancer, the 5-year survival rate of this disease has not been improved over the last 4-5 decades. These facts strongly favour chemoprevention-systemic medication to revert, stop, or delay the carcinogenic process-as an approach to treating oral cancer. A chemopreventive approach to oral cancer most likely should encompass a combination of drugs targeting metabolic pathways relevant to oral carcinogenesis. Candidate drugs are retinoids and selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs). Chemopreventive trials so far have used surrogate intermediate biomarkers as measurement of treatment effect. However, the efficiency of any drug for chemopreventive use should be assessed through a prospective randomized trial and evaluated by the only definitive end point for prevention of cancer, the incidence rates of new carcinomas.

Methylation of the c-myc gene changes during aging process of mice

The degree of methylation at c-myc proto-oncogene was found to change during aging process of mice by the use of methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. The spleen DNA showed hypomethylation as mice aged, while hypermethylation was observed in the liver DNA. The brain DNA on the contrary revealed no appreciable difference between young and old mice. When the DNAs were examined at actin and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), no significant change was observed. It suggests that an age-related change of oncogene structure may be one of the factors which are related to an age-associated increase of cancer incidence rate.