Increase In Concentration Of Bi2O3 Research Articles

Mathematical Calculation of X-Rays/Gamma-Rays Interaction with Zinc Bismuth Borate Glass Using Phy-x Program in Compton Energy Range

The zinc bismuth borate (ZBB)glasses have been calculated using Phy-X program at the Compton energy range. The ZBB glasses were decided in the concentration of Bi2O3 = 25, 30, 35 and 40 mol%. The mass attenuation coefficient, the effective atomic number, the effective electron density, the half value layer and the lead equivalent thickness were investigated. The results show the trend of values were decrease when the Compton energy increasing and found the values were higher when the concentration of Bi2O3 increases. The Zeff and Neff show similar trend showing that the values decrease with decrease in Bi2O3 content. The HVL value shows lowest with an increase in concentration of Bi2O3 suggesting their role to be good candidature for radiation shielding material applications. The lead equivalent thickness of glass samples shows a good trend when adding more concentration of Bi2O3 and found the highest value at 40 mol% of Bi2O3 concentration.

Bismuth modified gamma radiation shielding properties of titanium vanadium sodium tellurite glasses as a potent transparent radiation-resistant glass applications

This work reported the radiation shielding characteristic of the bismuth titanium vanadium sodium tellurite glass system. The density of the specially-developed glass samples was increased from 2.21 to 4.01 g/cm3 with the addition of Bi2O3, despite the fact the molar volume is decease within 85.43–54.79 cm3/mol. The WinXcom program was used to approximate the effect of Bi2O3 on the gamma radiation shielding parameters of bismuth titanium vanadium sodium tellurite glasses. The μm values decrease with the increase of Bi2O3 concentration. The computed data shows that the glass sample with 20 mol.% of Bi2O3 content has the greatest radiation attenuation performance in comparison to other selected glasses. The Bi2O3–TiO2–V2O5–Na2O–TeO2 glass system shows excellent neutron shielding material with high long-term light transmittance and discharge resistance and could be potentially used as transparent radiation-resistant shielding glass applications.

Physical and optical investigations of Bi2O3-TeO2-B2O3-GeO2 glasses

A new series of quaternary glasses with chemical composition xBi2O3-(80-x)TeO2-10B2O3-10GeO2 where 40 ≤ x ≤ 65 have been prepared by melt quenching technique. X- ray diffraction measurements have been achieved to check the amorphous nature of the glasses. The effect of Bi2O3 content on the physical, thermal and optical properties of the prepared glasses was studied. It is observed that oxygen packing density decreased with the increase of molar volume with increasing Bi2O3 content implying the formation of non-bridging oxygen’s and expands the glass. The glass transition temperature (Tg) increased whereas the glass stability decreased with Bi2O3. In addition to that, indirect optical band gap and Urbach energy values of the titled glasses have been calculated from Tauc plots using absorption spectra. The indirect optical band gap (Eopt) decreased with the increase of Bi2O3 concentration in the present glass system. The Raman spectroscopy at room temperature was employed to study the influence of bismuth oxide on the boron-oxygen network structure. The analysis of Raman spectra shows the presence of fundamental vibrations of TeO3, GeO6, BO3, BO4, BiO6 structural units.

Dielectric and spectroscopic investigations on zinc arsenate glasses with Bi2O3 as additive

Abstract (50-X) ZnO-50 As2O3-X Bi2O3 (5 ≤ X ≤ 30 with the increment of 5 mol %) glasses were synthesized by melt quenching with subsequent annealing. The prepared glasses were characterized by X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the glassy nature of the samples. Spectroscopic studies viz., optical absorption, FTIR and dielectric studies were carried out. Optical absorption spectra revealed the progressive increase of NBO is with the increase of Bi2O3 concentration. From FTIR spectra it is evident that at lower concentrations of Bi2O3 Bi3+ ions enter into the glass network by forming BiO3 pyramidal structures in conjunction with tetrahedral ZnO4 where as octahedral BiO6 structural units predominate with the increase of Bi2O3 content. The dielectric parameters like e′, tan δ and σac are found to increase with the increase of Bi2O3 concentration while a fall of activation energy for conduction is noticed. The correlation between the above said studies suggests that the glasses are more rigid at lower concentrations of Bi2O3 and conductivity of the glasses is observed to increase at higher concentrations of Bi2O3 due to increase of BiO6 and ZnO6 structural units. Hence, C1 sample (45 ZnO-50 As2O3- 5 Bi2O3) is found more rigid and highly insulating glass.

Studies on dielectric dispersion, relaxation kinetics and a.c. conductivity of Na2O[sbnd]CuO[sbnd]SiO2 glasses mixed with Bi2O3-Influence of redox behavior of copper ions

Na2OCuOSiO2 glasses mixed with different concentrations Bi2O3 (ranging from 0 to 20.0 mol%) were prepared. Various dielectric parameters viz., dielectric constant, ε′, loss tan δ, electric moduli, M, electrical impedance, Z, and also a.c. conductivity, σac(ω), in the frequency region 100 Hz to 1 MHz and in the temperature region 200 K‒400 K were measured as a function of Bi2O3 concentration. The obtained results were analyzed on the basis of space charge and dipolar polarization models. All the dielectric parameters exhibited decreasing trend with increase of Bi2O3 concentration. Our earlier spectroscopic studies of the same glass system indicated that there is a gradual reduction of Cu2+ ions into Cu+ ions with increase of Bi2O3 content in the glass network and these monovalent copper ions were found to participate in the network forming and form linkages with silicate structural units. The gradual increase in the degree of polymerization of the glass network is found to be the reason for the decrease of dielectric parameters. The variation of dielectric loss tanδ and electric moduli with frequency exhibited dipolar relaxation effects. The relaxation intensity is found to decrease, whereas the activation energy for the dipoles and the dielectric relaxation time are found to increase with increase in the concentration of Bi2O3. The observed relaxation effects are attributed to the complexes of divalent copper ions and Bi3+ ions. The variation of a.c. conductivity as a function Bi2O3 content exhibited a decrease (∼three orders of magnitude) with increase of Bi2O3 from 0 mol% to 20.0 mol%. The change of a.c. conductivity is explained in the light of varying oxidation states of copper ions using quantum mechanical tunneling model. The overall, analysis of these results indicated a gradual increase in the insulating character of the studied glass material with increase in the concentration of Bi2O3.

Influence of Bi3+ ions on low temperature D.C. conductivity of Na2SiCuO4 glasses

Sodium silicate glasses doped with CuO and mixed with different contents of Bi2O3 (ranging from 4 to 16 mol%) were prepared. D.C. conductivity studies over a range of temperature from 225 to 325 K have been carried out. The conductivity is observed to decrease linearly with increase of Bi2O3 concentration. The results are analyzed using optical absorption, ESR, and IR spectral data. The spectroscopic studies have indicated that there is a gradual reduction divalent copper ions to monovalent ions with increase of Bi2O3 concentration. These studies have also indicated that such Cu+ ions participate in the glasses network forming and increase the polymerization of the glass network. The analysis of the results of D.C. conductivity indicated that in temperature region T > θ D/2, the small polaron hoping model is valid, and the conduction is predicted to be adiabatic type. The analysis of the results has further revealed that there is a gradual change over of conduction mechanism from ionic to electronic with increase of Bi2O3 concentration. The low temperature part of D.C. conductivity is explained using variable range hopping (VRH) model.

The network modifier and former role of the bismuth ions in the bismuth–lead-germanate glasses

The present work is focused on the enhancement of network former environment in lead-germanate glasses by bismuth ions doping. A series of bismuth–lead-germanate glasses with the xBi2O3·(100−x)[7GeO2·3PbO] composition glass where 0⩽x⩽30mol% Bi2O3 were synthesized by melt-quenching method. The FTIR, UV–VIS spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were conducted on these samples to evaluate the doping effect of structure of the host matrix network. Our results indicate that direct incorporation of Bi2O3 into the lead-germanate network modifies the lead-germanate network and the internal structure of glass network is rearranged. The structural flexibility of the lead-germanate network is possible due to its incapacity to accommodate with the excess of oxygen atoms and the creation of bridging oxygen ions. Optical gap energy and refractive index were obtained as a function of Bi2O3 content. Gap energy values decrease as Bi2O3 content increased from 0 to 10mol%. Further increase of Bi2O3 concentration beyond 10mol% increased the gap energy values. These behaviors of the glass system can be explained by two mechanisms: (i) for x⩽10mol% Bi2O3 – increase of degree of disorder of the host matrix because Bi2O3 is network modifier and (ii) for x>10mol% – Bi2O3 acts as a network former. Cyclic voltammetry measurements using the glass system with 10Bi2O3·90[7GeO2·3PbO] composition as working electrode show the mobility of the lead ions, in agreement with UV–VIS data.

Physical, Structural and Luminescence Properties of ZnO-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Glass System

The ZnO-Bi2O3-B2O3(ZBB) glasses with different concentrations of Bi2O3have been prepared by a conventional melt quenching technique and investigated the effect of Bi2O3on the physical, structural and luminescence properties. The density and hardness of glasses are also measured and found to increase with increase of Bi2O3concentration. The IR studies indicate that these glasses are made up of [BiO3], [BO3], [BO4] and [B basic structural units. From optical spectra, the cut-off wavelengths were shifted from 423 nm to 447 nm as the content of Bi2O3increases from 15 to 30 mol%. The photoluminescence spectra exhibit characteristic peaks at 602 nm corresponding to3P11S0transitions of Bi3+. The decay time for3P1level of Bi3+increases with increase of Bi2O3concentration.

Effect of Stepwise Replacement of LiF by Bi2O3 and of Annealing on Optical Properties of LiF⋅B2O3 Glasses

Bismuth fluoroborate glasses with compositions xBi2O3⋅(40-x)LiF⋅60 B2O3 (x=0,5,10,15, and 20) are synthesized by melt-quench method. Optical characterization was carried out to examine variation of optical band gap energy (Eg) and Urbach energy (EU) with respect to the concentration. It reflects the effect of stepwise replacement of non-oxide and less polarizable LiF by an oxide and more polarizable (Bi2O3) group on the optical properties of the samples. The value of Eg decreases with increase in concentration of Bi2O3. The samples were subjected to annealing at different temperatures (300°C, 350°C, and 400°C), and the effect of annealing on the optical properties of various samples was again studied. Annealing affects remarkably the values of Eg and EU in the samples with x=0.