Increase In Willingness Research Articles

Subtle yet encouraging developments: exploring intergroup relations between Arab and Jewish college students over seven years

IntroductionThis study investigates the dynamics of intranational intergroup contact between Arab and Jewish students in a higher education institution in Israel. Guided by the contact hypothesis, the research examines the gap between students’ willingness for intergroup closeness and their reported actual intergroup interactions.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional survey design, quantitative data were collected from a total of 733 Arab and Jewish students at two timepoints: in 2016 (n = 419) and in 2023 (n = 314). All students were studying to become physical education teachers.ResultsThe findings revealed both persistent challenges and encouraging trends in intergroup relationships. Despite reported willingness for meaningful connections, the students’ reported actual intergroup interactions remained limited. A significant increase in willingness for academic and friendship relationships was observed from 2016 to 2023, suggesting the potential for constructive change. Arab students consistently reported higher willingness for closeness and more frequent interactions than their Jewish counterparts.DiscussionThese findings underscore the importance of structured interventions in higher education settings to foster meaningful intergroup relations, amidst broader societal challenges.

Impact of an Education Module on the Knowledge and Attitudes of EM Physicians Towards Prescribing Buprenorphine/Naloxone for Opioid Use Disorder.

Opioid overdose continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Buprenorphine is an important treatment for patients with opioid-use disorder (OUD) and initiation in the emergency department (ED) has been shown to improve outcomes for these patients. Our objective was to assess the impact of a three-pronged education package on the knowledge and attitudes of emergency physicians towards using buprenorphine for treatment of OUD. Procedures/data/observations: We developed a three-pronged educational package including back- ground rationale for OUD treatment with buprenorphine, an evidence-based ED buprenorphine induction pathway and electronic medical record tools. This package was deployed to providers in an urban academic ED. A voluntary confidential pre-post survey was administered. Using a 6-point Likert Scale, participants were asked about their understanding, experience, and confidence with prescribing. A one-hour, three-pronged educational package changed the attitudes of emergency physicians towards buprenorphine treatment and demonstrated an increase in willingness and confidence to prescribe it for patients with OUD. Our findings suggest that healthcare entities that wish to boost buprenorphine prescribing can impact willingness and confidence to prescribe with a short education package.

Adolescent Dating Violence Prevention: Teaching Social Justice Oriented Skills and Strategies to Undergraduate-Level Teachers and Social Workers

Youth from socially marginalized populations are at increased risk of experiencing adolescent dating violence (ADV), since they are often directly impacted by root causes of violence (e.g., homophobia, racism). Because structural inequalities impact youth’s experience of ADV, ADV is a social justice issue. In this paper, we describe a symposium series that taught education and social work students about their role in preventing ADV through a social justice lens. We present a pilot evaluation of the symposium series using survey ( n = 34) and interview ( n = 7) data. Results of this study (quantitative and qualitative) suggest students showed an increase in willingness and confidence to prevent and respond to ADV through a social justice lens after completing the symposium series. This work highlights the importance of incorporating critical theory into ADV prevention efforts, especially as it relates to serving youth who are marginalized and for promoting social justice in schools.

Consumer preference and willingness to pay for 3D-printed chocolates: A discrete choice experiment

This study explores the emerging field of 3D food printing, specifically examining consumer preferences for 3D-printed chocolate bars. While 3D printing has revolutionized various industries, the consumer acceptance of 3D-printed food remains a relatively underexplored topic. A discrete choice experiment was conducted to investigate consumer preferences and willingness to pay for 3D-printed chocolate bars in the UK. Key attributes included in the study were price, chocolate type, and the use of 3D printing technology. Using a mixed logit model, preference heterogeneity was assessed, revealing a general inclination towards 3D-printed chocolates, with an estimated increase in willingness to pay of £0.21 per 100 g. Furthermore, the influence of individual (participants’) characteristics, such as age, gender, prior knowledge of 3D food printing, and food technology neophobia, on perceived benefits associated with this technology and willingness to pay was also explored, using a structural equation modeling analysis. The results indicated that only perceived hedonic benefits, such as improved texture, positively impacted the willingness to pay, while food technology neophobia acted as a significant barrier. The results of this study therefore contribute valuable insights into the consumer acceptance of 3D-printed foods, specifically chocolates, highlighting potential avenues for market adoption and emphasizing the importance of effective communication in shaping consumer attitudes toward novel food processing technologies.

Death anxiety, sense of meaning in life, and willingness to body donation among nursing students in anatomy course: An explanatory sequential mixed study

BackgroundAnatomy education is a fundamental part of clinical nursing, but anatomy courses may lead to a range of psychological changes, such as death anxiety and sense of meaning in life. Such experiences and changes may influence student's willingness to donate their body. There is insufficient evidence on whether anatomy courses bring about these changes, and the reasons behind experiences are unclear. Focusing on these changes is essential to improve anatomy education in nursing and to promote the mental health of students in the nursing field. ObjectivesTo explore changes and underlying reasons for death anxiety, sense of meaning in life, and the willingness to donate a body before and after anatomy courses. DesignAn explanatory sequential explanatory mixed-methods study. ParticipantsA total of 60 students completed quantitative surveys and 16 students from the sub-samples of the quantitative stage were included in the qualitative interviews. All students were from a comprehensive university in Changsha, Hunan Province, China. MethodsData were collected from September 2022 to April 2023, including two rounds of questionnaire surveys and one interview. The questionnaires included sociodemographic data, the Death Anxiety Scale (CT-DAS), the Meaning of Life Scale (MLQ), and a body donation willingness question. Interviews were conducted based on the research objectives. The statistical methods included descriptive statistics, z-tests, and thematic analysis. ResultsQuantitative results showed a decrease in emotional dimension of death anxiety (z = −2.534, P < 0.05) and an increase in body donation willingness (z = −3.183, P < 0.05). Qualitative analysis revealed cognitive experience and value assessment may relate to the changes. Based on the two themes, the reduction of death anxiety in emotional dimension can be further attributed to four factors: demystification, instrumentalization, desensitization, and respect and gratitude towards donors. The increase in willingness to donate bodies can be further attributed to two aspects: increase in knowledge of body donation and the affirmation of the value of donation. ConclusionThe study found that students experience a decrease in death anxiety in the emotional dimension and an increased inclination to donate their bodies after anatomy courses, which may be related to cognitive experience and value assessment. Future nursing anatomy education could delve deeper into these two perspectives and support students to positively cope with death anxiety and rethink body donation through enriching death education activities such as donor memorial ceremonies. These results provide a basis for designing anatomy courses and improving the psychological well-being and professional competence of nursing students.

An analysis of travel behavior and willingness to pay on Express Lanes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

In March 2020, governments worldwide implemented various social restriction measures, including lockdowns, to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 virus. This led to a profound shift in travel behavior, accompanied by a notable reduction in congestion. This paper investigates travel demand on Express Lanes during two time periods: before the pandemic (from January 2020 to mid-March 2020) and during the pandemic (from mid-March 2020 to the end of May 2020). A large data set of trips observed on Express Lanes derived from transponders is combined with vehicle probe measures of travel times and used to estimate the willingness to pay to travel on Express Lanes. The analysis reveals that not all Express Lane assets are equal, with the longer Express Lane demonstrating better performance than the shorter one. Peak hours experienced a more significant impact than off-peak hours, reflecting the heightened flexibility in travelers' schedules during the pandemic. The proposed econometric model quantifies the increase in willingness to pay for Express Lanes, which went up to $36 and $34 per hour on the two assets from the values of $26 and $28 per hour estimated before the pandemic, which can be justified by the observed lower market shares during the pandemic.

Willingness to participate in combination screening for lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease in four European countries.

Lung cancer screening (LCS), using low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), can be more efficient by simultaneously screening for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the Big-3 diseases. This study aimed to determine the willingness to participate in (combinations of) Big-3 screening in four European countries and the relative importance of amendable participation barriers. An online cross-sectional survey aimed at (former) smokers aged 50-75 years elicited the willingness of individuals to participate in Big-3 screening and used analytical hierarchy processing (AHP) to determine the importance of participation barriers. Respondents were from France (n = 391), Germany (n= 338), Italy (n= 399), and the Netherlands (n= 342), and consisted of 51.2% men. The willingness to participate in screening was marginally influenced by the diseases screened for (maximum difference of 3.1%, for Big-3 screening (73.4%) vs. lung cancer and COPD screening (70.3%)) and by country (maximum difference of 3.7%, between France (68.5%) and the Netherlands (72.3%)). The largest effect on willingness to participate was personal perceived risk of lung cancer. The most important barriers were the missed cases during screening (weight 0.19) and frequency of screening (weight 0.14), while diseases screened for (weight 0.11) ranked low. The difference in willingness to participate in LCS showed marginal increase with inclusion of more diseases and limited variation between countries. A marginal increase in participation might result in a marginal additional benefit of Big-3 screening. The amendable participation barriers are similar to previous studies, and the new criterion, diseases screened for, is relatively unimportant. Adding diseases to combination screening modestly improves participation, driven by personal perceived risk. These findings guide program design and campaigns for lung cancer and Big-3 screening. Benefits of Big-3 screening lie in long-term health and economic impact, not participation increase. • It is unknown whether or how combination screening might affect participation. • The addition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease to lung cancer screening resulted in a marginal increase in willingness to participate. • The primary determinant influencing individuals' engagement in such programs is their personal perceived risk of the disease.

CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE MANAGEMENT: THE KEY TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIZATION

The article explores the importance of customized customer interaction management for personalizing their experience in real time through understanding their needs and using reflective innovative tools, in particular, a manifestation of cognitive marketing – neuromarketing. The key stages of effective customer experience management are highlighted, including understanding customer needs, providing a consistent experience, using technology and continuous improvement based on feedback, and customer experience management tools such as CRM systems, experience evaluation and the use of social media as a platform for the influence of a brand that takes on the role of a full-fledged influencer. The article also discusses the difference between conducting marketing research from the point of view of traditional marketing and cognitive marketing. The main aspects of comparison were communication, attention, persuasion, repetition (reminder) and self-report. Data have been presented regarding the increase in willingness to purchase goods under the influence of neuromarketing technologies.

Improving colorectal cancer screening disparities among Somali-speaking patients in an Internal Medicine Residency Clinic

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most lethal cancer in the USA, and early detection through screening is crucial for improving outcomes. However, significant disparities in access and utilisation of CRC...

Technology preparedness and translator training

Abstract With increasing acknowledgment of enhanced quality now achievable by Machine Translation, new possibilities have emerged through collaboration between human and machine in the translation process, including providing varying qualities of translation in response to quality/efficiency requirements. This paper presents surveys of post-graduate students of translation conducted over four consecutive years to examine if their awareness and preparedness have kept pace with these possibilities. It is found that respondents across the years generally perceive their awareness as lacking, are hesitant in employing MT, and show marked reservations when reconsidering issues such as quality and the preeminent position of the human translator. A review of existing research in translator training points towards a lopsided emphasis on linguistic competence and standalone courses for introducing technology as the primary cause behind low adoption. The need of the hour is translator training that fully integrates technology in the translation process and also provides a clear framework to adjust quality/efficiency is important to ensure preparedness. A repeat survey of students from 2021 who were trained under this model shows an increase in willingness to use MT and to consider quality as dependent on intended use. The focus here is on Chinese-English translation, but the discussion may find resonance with other language pairs.

The Politics of Taxation and Tax Reform in Times of Crisis: Covid-19 and Attitudes towards Taxation in Sierra Leone

The pandemic has had significant fiscal implications around the world. A key question facing governments is how the pandemic has shaped taxpayer attitudes and what that means for the prospects for tax reform and new revenue raising. We aim to understand the impacts of the pandemic on attitudes toward taxation in Sierra Leone with novel survey data, collected before the pandemic, shortly after the pandemic’s onset, and for almost a year afterwards. Four key findings emerge. First, immediately after the crisis onset we see increased support for taxation in Freetown, despite escalating economic challenges. Second, at the same time that taxpayers show greater general support for taxation they become more likely to believe that one could refuse to pay taxes if government fails to deliver services in return. Third, while we lack baseline data on support for progressive taxation, we find rising and sustained support for it over the course of the pandemic. Finally, although we see an initial increase in willingness to pay more taxes for services, that support erodes over time. These findings have significant implications for understanding both immediate responses to the pandemic, and the broader politics of taxation and tax reform.

Preferred tax rates depend on the rates paid by the rich

Using survey experiment data, we investigate whether individuals in Mexico modify their stated preferred tax rate as a function of the rate paid by the rich. Our experimental treatment finds that participants increase their willingness to pay taxes by approximately 2.3 percentage points, or 19 percent, when informed that the rich will pay 60 percent of their income in taxes instead of 30 percent (control group). The effect is not statistically significant for other scenarios, in which the rich pay 50, 40, or 20 percent relative to the control group. As participants know that the current tax rate for the rich is 30 percent, the experiment can measure the willingness to pay more in taxes as a function of the proposed rate for the rich. Our results show that people expect a progressive system and are willing to pay more if the rich pay much more. Moreover, this increase in willingness to pay taxes is driven mainly by individuals with high socioeconomic status and individuals whose trust in the government is above the median. Our findings are in line with experiments using public goods games with inequality in endowments that highlight the importance of social norms concerning the behavior of the rich. However, they contradict the predictions of traditional economic and political science models in which an increase in taxes paid by the rich decreases the tax rates that others are willing to pay.

A Preliminary Experimental Study of Self-Objectification and Risky Sex Behavior Among a University Sample of Cisgender Women in the U.S.

Self-objectification is associated with a number of negative mental and behavioral outcomes. Though previous research has established associations between self-objectification and risky sex, no study to date has examined whether self-objectification affects propensity to engage in risky sex. The current research employed an experimental design to examine the effect of heightened self-objectification on a laboratory analog of risky sex (n = 181). We observed that when college-attending women experienced a heightened state of self-objectification, they were more likely to engage in sex without a condom and less likely to wait to use a condom with a highly desirable partner. Given the frequency of intended and unintended objectifying messages that young women face, this increase in willingness to engage in risky sex behavior represents a consequential health concern.

Association of Consumer Behavior to a Circular Economy: Assessing a Variety of Perceptions and its Correlation in Germany

Complexity in the circular economy concept enforced the integration of disciplines and a holistic approach to engender the implementation. A breakdown to bring a circular economy project to a level of market presumably provides the contribution toward the circular economy prospect. Problem identification is a deficiency in consumer behavior discovery. The objective of the research is to discover the characteristics through demographic analysis as well as to assess the association of attitude and perception toward the circular economy objective. The case is specified in Germany since it introduced effective waste management regarding a cyclical process. The conceptual framework is a model of factors influencing decision-making issued by the European Commission and a model of the Tri-component attitude. The data analysis method is quantitative by adopting a method of Cross tabulation with Chi-Square and Structural Equation Modeling. The findings demonstrated low demand for a circular economy market, price and quality are the highest indicators while buying a product, old adulthood and female respondents tended to put more concern on waste issues, and an increase in willingness to spend more in finance on eco-friendly products positively would rise the intention of engaging in the social and environmental context. This observation is relevant for SDGs objectives.

Willingness and eligibility to donate blood under 12-month and 3-month deferral policies among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Ontario, Canada.

In Canada, gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are a population that are willing to donate blood, if eligible, but have a history of ineligibility and deferrals due to concerns that their blood poses an increased risk of HIV entering the blood supply. Our objective was to examine the proportion of GBMSM who are willing and eligible to donate under the 12-month deferral policy (implemented in 2016) and the 3-month deferral policy (implemented in 2019). Data for this study comes from the #iCruise study, a mixed cohort study designed to examine sexual health outreach experiences through online services and mobile apps among GBMSM in Ontario. A total of 910 participants were recruited between July 2017 and January 2018. Eligibility criteria include identify as male (cisgender or transgender); at least 14 years old; having had sex with a man in the previous year or identifying as sexually/romantically attracted to other men or identifying as gay, bisexual, queer or two-spirit; and living or working in Ontario or having visited Ontario four or more times in the past year. Participants completed a baseline and a follow-up questionnaire. A subset of #iCruise participants (n = 447) further completed this questionnaire. Willingness and eligibility to donate blood were assessed under 12-month and 3-month deferral policies. Of the 447 GBMSM surveyed, 309 (69.1%) reported a general interest in donating blood. 109 (24.4%) GBMSM were willing, 75 (16.7%) were eligible, and 24 (5.4%) were both willing and eligible to donate blood under the 12-month deferral policy. Under the 3-month deferral policy, willingness and eligibility to donate blood increased significantly to 42.3% and 29.3%, respectively. The percent of GBMSM who were both willing and eligible to donate blood also increased significantly to 12.3% under the 3-month deferral policy. The increase in willingness to donate blood varied by age, ethnicity, and geographic residence of participants whereas the increase in eligibility to donate blood varied by education level of participants. Under the 3-month deferral policy, GBMSM who were 50 years or older, identified as bisexual or other, had a lower education level, and who were not 'out' to others were more likely to be eligible to donate. GBMSM who reported a general interest in donating blood were more likely to be willing to donate blood under both deferral policies. The most common reason for not being interested in donating blood was the MSM deferral policy itself; many participants interpreted the policy as discriminatory for 'singling out' GBMSM or self-assed themselves as ineligible. Among study participants, both willingness and eligibility to donate blood was significantly higher under the 3-month deferral policy. The results suggest that a time-based reduction to a 3-month deferral policy is impactful but limited. Future research should measure GBMSM's willingness and eligibility under the individual risk-based assessment (to be implemented in 2022).

Will information interventions affect public preferences and willingness to pay for air quality improvement? An empirical study based on deliberative choice experiment

Environmental information is a prerequisite for public participation in air quality improvement, and the choice of such participation behavior is influenced by the intervention of environmental information. Nonetheless, there has been insufficient analysis of how information interventions affect public preferences and willingness to pay for air quality improvement. The combination of deliberative and choice experiment is used to explore the importance of information interventions for public participation in air quality improvement, and the changes in public preferences and willingness to pay for air quality improvement before and after information interventions are compared to analyze the impact of information interventions on evaluation results of air quality value. The results suggest that information interventions do alter the preferences and willingness of the public to pay for air quality improvement, significantly increasing the choice certainty of respondents and decreasing the protest response. In addition, women and high-income groups showed a stronger willingness to improve air quality after the information interventions, with 35.15 CNY, 44.07 CNY and 46.75 CNY increases in willingness to pay for improved urban green coverage rate, fewer haze days and reduced morbidity. The combination of deliberative information interventions and choice experiment will help improve the effectiveness of air quality value evaluation, stimulate public environmental awareness and willingness to participate, and the results will aid government environmental management.

Educating the Rabbani Generation: A Diffusion of Islamic Scholars Through Participatory Action Research

This research focuses on three discussion objectives: First, how to create a rabbani environment in a still strong society with local culture and customs. Second, activities that can help parents educate their children according to Islamic law. Third, how to instill a love for the Al-Qur’an and religion in children. Community service aims to create human resources that benefit the nation and religion. The community service in the village of Alam Panjang uses an alternative participatory action research (PAR) approach. Data is obtained by making observations in cycles where it is hoped there will be changes at each stage. The expected changes are supported by providing programs such as tahfiz and tahsin guidance, learning Arabic, spiritual cleansing, and constructive motivations. From the implementation of actions in the form of activity programs, satisfactory results were obtained. These results are an increase in willingness and achievements in tahfiz, tahsin, learning Arabic, and spiritual cleansing. Community service positively impacts people's mindset, which is no longer limited to things that naturally exist but makes them open to advancing human resources. This study clearly shows that the research conducted through this community service activity has improved the quality and human resources in the village of Alam Panjang.

Designing a Medical Crowdfunding Website from Sense of Community Theory

A sense of community is important in encouraging people to contribute to a variety of causes and the communities that support them. Researchers have identified website design features that can engender a sense of community on sites to promote contributions. However, most findings about design features are based on observational empirical research testing single features at a time or on standard practice and rarely use integrated theories to provide rationale for their design suggestions. This work investigates ways to re-design an entire website---with a simulated medical crowdfunding interface entitled Community Journey---informed by Sense of Community Theory to increase site visitors' sense of community and contributions. A between-subjects experiment revealed that the Community Journey interface increased potential supporters' sense of community and their overall willingness to contribute via monetary donations, campaign shares, personal messages, and offline support. Think-aloud interviews identified the interface features responsible for the overall increase in willingness to contribute. Finally, we suggest theory driven design implications for creating websites to build a strong support community and to encourage various contributions.

Praktik pekerjaan sosial berbasis masyarakat (Studi: Penanganan masalah anak putus sekolah)

The community service activities focused on solving the problem of school dropouts in RW 10 RT 01 Cisurupan Village, Bandung City. The model chosen in this community service involves all segments of society. The methods and techniques used in this activity refer to community social work practices. The result of assessment showed that the problems faced by parents were the lack of knowledge about how to motivate children to learn. The intervention of this activity was carried out in the form of psychoeducation and learning assistance. The main purpose of psychoeducation is to provide understanding to parents on how to motivate children to learn. The result showed an increase in willingness and enthuasism for learning in children.

Responsiveness and Uptake of Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights Education and Information Among Young People 10-24 Years Old: A Case Of ‘Get Up Speak Out’ (GUSO) Program Implementation Period in Western Kenya Region

Young people and girls suffer from some of the worst SRHR outcomes in Kenya such as sexual abuse and violence; STIs including HIV; unintended pregnancies; unsafe abortions; early and forced marriages; obstetric fistula; and maternal mortality. Some of the main causes to these poor outcomes include lack of correct and comprehensive information on key SRHR issues. The GUSO program was implemented in western region of Kenya from 2018-2020 with an aim of aim of increasing uptake of SRHR education and information among young people 10-24 years old through 3 strategies: Capacity development for information providers (SRHR curriculum based trainings); Direct access to SRHR information e.g. Electronic &amp; Media platforms (direct messaging and WhatsApp group discussions); and Community approach (table talks and clarification sessions).The findings show that the number of educators trained increased through the three years. There was incremental in number of young people reached with SRHR information and similarly incremental in program realization over targets, meaning increase in willingness among the young people to utilizing the deployed strategies of direct and indirect SRHR. This also means that the deployed strategy of training of trainers to enhance capacity for young people to access information was effective in creating demand for SRHR information. The findings imply that it is possible to realize desired targets on SRHR information access by young people through capacity building and adopting the correct strategies. This study has identified such approaches to include table talks, clarification sessions, and direct messaging. Therefore, the health sector can indeed, by adopting these strategies improve SRHR service utilization among young people that may have a reducing effect to the now high levels of teenage pregnancies and other related consequences. The study has tested and determined that it is feasible to improve access to SRHR education and information among young people through training of educators and adopting proper strategies through which young people access SRH information. Furthermore, the findings have proved that these approaches lead to improved knowledge level, attitude for and SRHR service seeking behaviour for young people.