Increase In Volume Of Water Research Articles

Improving the drinking water supply system in the capital of Tomia Timur Subdistrict, Tomia Island, Wakatobi Regency

This research aims to improve the Municipal Drinking Water Supply System (SPAM IKK) in East Tomia, Wakatobi Regency, using a combined method approach and involving 76 participants. The findings indicate that water services in East Tomia adhere to the 4K principles (Quantity, Quality, Continuity, and Accessibility), with an increase in water volume despite some distribution challenges. Water quality remains high due to regular testing, and continuous service is ensured through ongoing maintenance, making the service accessibility for the community. Strategic improvements over the next 5-10 years include the implementation of solar-powered pumps, expansion of storage infrastructure, and enhancement of the distribution system to improve efficiency and sustainability. Recommendations include infrastructure upgrades, adoption of green technology, consistent quality checks, and support from proactive local government policies.

Design of a hydrophobic nano-SiO2-modified ER@EC microcapsule: Improving rheology, regulating hydration while preserving self-healing in cementitious materials

Microcapsule-based self-healing concrete chronically suffers from rheology deterioration and hydration stagnation due to the hydrophilic and hygroscopic nature of microcapsules, limiting its efficacy and broader application. To address these issues, a novel hydrophobic nano-SiO2-modified epoxy resin (ER)@ethyl cellulose (EC) microcapsule was developed and characterized. Examinations revealed that both 5 % and 7 % SiO2-modified ER@EC microcapsules displayed favorable fundamental properties for cement-based materials, featuring high core contents (53.08 % and 48.04 %) and water contact angles over 90°. Compared to the unmodified capsules, the incorporation of 7 % SiO2-modified capsules prominently enhanced the rheology and hydration exotherm of fresh cement pastes, attributed to floc disassembly caused by electrostatic repulsion and increased water volume induced by replacement and ball-bearing effects. Moreover, incorporating a 4 % dosage of 5 % SiO2-modified capsules exhibited prominent healing efficiencies of 6.14 % for compressive strength and 35.11 % for chloride diffusion resistance. The hydrophobic nano-SiO2-modified ER@EC microcapsules actively improved rheology and hydration exotherm while preserving the ability to self-heal cracks in cement-based materials.

Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of instant red ginger from various volumes of added water

The aim of this research is to obtain the right volume of water in ginger juice extract that has the best effect on the physicochemical and sensory properties of instant ginger. The research was carried out from March to May. The location of this research was carried out at the Agroindustry Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University, Palu. Research parameters include yield, water content, pH test, antioxidant activity and sensory tests with ginger juice extract and water treatment formulations, namely, (100g:100mL), (100g:150mL), (100g:200mL), (100g:250mL), (100g:300mL). The research results showed that the ratio of ginger juice extract and water at an added volume of 300 mL of water provide the best physicochemical and sensory characteristics of instant ginger drink. Yield, antioxidant activity, aroma, taste, preferences have a tendency increases with increasing water volume, while water content, pH and IC50 decrease.

ANALYSIS OF THE WATER QUALITY INDEX (AQI) OF THE RESERVOIR CACHOEIRA I, A MEMBER OF THE AGRESTE BRANCH IN PERNAMBUCO

The Agreste region of Pernambuco has a long history of water scarcity, with irregular rainfall and a semi-arid climate characterized by high solar radiation. In order to mitigate these effects in the region, the São Francisco River Integration Project is considered the largest infrastructure project in the country, bringing water to the most water-scarce areas. The Agreste Branch is part of this infrastructure project, with a length of 71 km, aiming to supply rivers and reservoirs in the state of Pernambuco. To ensure that the waters of the São Francisco River are reaching the region in good quality, the Water Quality Monitoring Program has been evaluating parameters at various points in the system, including local rivers and reservoirs. The Cachoeira I reservoir is a significant supply source in the municipality of Sertânia that is included in the monitoring program. This present study aims to assess the water quality of the Cachoeira I reservoir through the analysis of the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Trophic State Index (TSI). Through the analysis of these indices, an overall improvement in the classification of WQI and TSI was observed during the data collection period from 2018 to 2022, encompassing 12 monitoring campaigns, coinciding with the increase in water volume in the reservoir over the years. Understanding these parameters is crucial for the water management entities to make informed decisions in order to consistently improve the parameters and ensure the distribution of quality water to the population.

Impact of Land Use Change on the Water Environment of a Key Marsh Area in Vientiane Capital, Laos

The water environment is critical to maintaining ecosystem balance and human well-being globally. It is essential to comprehend the effects of land use change on water quantity and quality for sustainable development of the urban environment. Expansion of urban areas leads to intensified human activity and increased pollution loads in natural waterbodies. This study aimed to monitor changes in land use over a span of two decades to evaluate the condition of the water environment in That Luang Marsh (TLM). The land use and land cover (LULC) classes, including agricultural land, bare land, built-up land, vegetation, waterbody, and wetland, were categorized via Landsat images utilizing the maximum likelihood algorithm. A digital elevation model was used to estimate the water surface area and volume, and the nutrient delivery ratio model was employed to analyze nutrient distribution across the LULC classes. The results showed that from 2001 to 2020, the bare land, built-up, waterbody, and wetland areas increased by 29.92, 18.64, 0.87, and 0.16 times, respectively, while the agricultural and vegetation land decreased by 0.80 and 0.76 times, respectively. A binary logistic regression model for influential factors implies that road network expansion within the special economic zone in TLM could result in an increase in residential areas, thereby impacting the LULC classes. The increase in water volume showed a robust correlation with the expansion of built-up land, bare land, and waterbody. TLM had an average nitrate-nitrogen export of 317 tons/year with a 95% confidence interval of (56, 770) tons/year in 2020. The distribution over LULC classes affected the export, which varied dynamically. Vegetation land had the highest nitrate-nitrogen load of 0.57 tons/ha/year, probably due to poorly managed use of fertilizers. The developed land surface for an artificial lake could lead to an increase in the water volume, which could be involved in the dilution of nutrient concentration. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize policies that aim to establish sustainable urban water environments through rational urban planning and by making LULC management a primary consideration, especially for developing countries undergoing similar processes of urbanization along the Mekong River in Southeast Asia.

Research on the Proportion and Strength of Joint Filler Materials for External Wall Tiles

Tile is the main exterior material of reinforced concrete building in Taiwan. However, the tiles are peeled off due to the deterioration of the building or the force of the earthquake recently. The construction sequence of exterior wall tiles includes cement mortar, waterproof layer, adhesive layer, paste tile and caulk. Most of tiles peel off from the adhesive layer so there are many studies focusing on the construction of adhesive layers. If the adhesive is not applied during construction or deteriorates over the years, it will lose its adhesion, and the caulk plays an important role in fixing the tile to the wall. Therefore, it is necessary to study the joint filling of exterior wall tiles. In this study, the exterior wall construction problems are sorted out, workers often ignore the proper water-cement ratio due to rush work in the construction site. The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of the water-cement ratio of the tile joint filler on the strength by pull-off and shear experiments. Set the water-cement ratio of joint filler to 1:4, 1:2, 1:1.3, 1:1, and quantitatively use in the same area. The results showed that the caulk with a water-cement ratio of 1:4 showed the best pull-off strength, which is 4.5 times that of 1:2. The increase in water volume at the construction site due to rush would lead to a significant decrease in strength. We look forward to providing a reference for on-site construction in this study.

Analysis of Flood-Vulnerable Areas Using Scoring and Weighting Methods Based on Geographic Information Systems (Case Study: Sidoarjo Regency)

Indonesia is a country that is very vulnerable to natural disasters, one of which is flooding. A flood is an event or situation in which an area or land is submerged due to increased water volume. According to the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB) records, throughout 2021, the most frequent disasters were floods, totaling 1,298 incidents. Floods also occurred in Sidoarjo Regency, specifically on Sunday, 17 January 2021, from afternoon to evening, with high rainfall intensity submerging two sub-districts. The highest flood in Tanggulangin District was in Kedungbanteng Village. As a result, as many as ± 408 Heads of Families (KK) were affected. Furthermore, in Porong District, the highest flood was in Pesawahan Village. As many as ± 490 Heads of Families (KK) were affected. Therefore, further analysis is required regarding the causes of the flood. In this research, an analysis was carried out regarding flood-prone areas in Sidoarjo Regency using a scoring and weighting method based on geographic information systems. This research used six parameters comprising land elevation, slope, rainfall, soil type, river flow density and land cover, which were then given scores and weights for each parameter based on the size of the parameter. After scoring each parameter, a weighted overlay is performed to obtain a flood-vulnerable map. The results of the flood vulnerability level in Sidoarjo Regency are divided into three vulnerability classes, namely low class with an area of 1100.84 Ha (1.71%), medium class with an area of 58143.33 Ha (90.52%), and high class with an area of 4987. 06 Ha (7.76%) of the total area of Sidoarjo Regency.

How Does Human Activity Shape the Largest Estuarine Bay of the Pearl River Estuary, South China (1964–2019)

The morphological changes in an estuarine bay are affected by fluvial and oceanic dynamics, as well as human activities. Human activity has increased considerably in recent years, especially in Lingding Bay of the Pearl River Estuary. Based on mass measured bathymetric data and remote sensing images, morphological changes in Lingding Bay were examined and its long-term morphological evolution from 1964 to 2019 was studied using GIS method and EOF methods. The water area of Lingding Bay gradually decreased through this period due to shore reclamation and the evolutionary characteristics of the underwater topography were different before and after 2007 due to changes in the intensity of human activities. From 1964 to 2007, the water depth and volume of Lingding Bay decreased slightly and the bay experienced a slow silting process with the geomorphic pattern of “three shoals and two troughs” under low-intensity human activity. From 2007 to present, high-intensity sand-dredging activities in the bay have led to considerable deepening and a significant increase in water volume in the East Trough and Middle Shoal areas. The amount of sediment loss caused by the sand-dredging activities after 2007 far exceeded the amount of sediment deposition over the past four decades prior to 2007. Therefore, even if the sand-dredging activities had been banned, the eroded parts of Lingding Bay (i.e., East Trough and Middle Shoal) may not recover in a short time due to the small sediment load from the Pearl River. These recent morphological changes in Lingding Bay may bring about challenges for estuary regulation, disaster control, environmental protection, and the operational safety of the nearby ports and channels. Consequently, the subsequent evolution of the bay requires further research. This will enrich the scientific work for estuarine and coastal research and be conducive to revealing the interaction mechanisms between humans and nature, guiding sustainable development, estuarine disaster control, and promoting interdisciplinary innovation in estuarine research.

Flood Disaster Response Cadre Training in Keliling Benteng Ulu Village, Martapura Barat Sub-District

A flood is an event where land is submerged due to an increase in water volume. The flood that occurred in RT.05 Keliling Benteng Ulu Village was the worst compared to other RTs, because they live on the edge of the Martapura river and swamp environment. This service activity educates cadres to fulfill basic needs (clean water and sanitation needs, food clothing, temporary shelter, and health services) and provides leaflets/booklets on the stages of flood disaster management in fulfilling the basic needs of the community. The results of the pre and post test evaluation, cadres' knowledge has increased ≥ 80% regarding flood disaster response and about fulfilling the basic needs of flood disaster management independently (making freshwater fish jerky and instant ginger).

Flash evaporation method for improved desalination and cooling applications: An experimental study

The present study involves the experimental analysis of flash evaporation when sudden depressurization is created into a vertical cylindrical tube having a water volume range of 120 to 180 ml. During experiments, low water pool volumes are used to prevent the impact of gravity on the change of saturation temperature. The investigation is carried out by varying the initial water temperature and back pressure of the vacuum tank in the range of 65 to 80 ∘C and 11.32 to 41.32 kPa, respectively. It is observed that the evaporation rate and cooling rate are both enhanced by increasing the initial pool temperature and decreased by increasing the back pressure. It is reported that the evaporation rate is improved by 29.7 % with an increase in initial water temperature of 5 ∘C and decreases by 152 % with an increase in the back pressure of 10 kPa. It is also found that the cooling rate is improved by 21.6 % with an increase in initial water temperature of 5 ∘C and decreased by 59.2 % with an increase of water volume of 30 ml. It is clear from the visualization procedure that the degree of superheat plays a vital role in flash evaporation.

Tributary Inflows to a Regulated River Influence Bacterial Communities and Increase Bacterial Carbon Assimilation

Inflows from unregulated tributaries change the physical, chemical, and biotic conditions in receiving regulated rivers, impacting microbial community structure and metabolic function. Understanding how tributary inflows affect bacterial carbon production (BCP) is integral to understanding energy transfer in riverine ecosystems. To investigate the role of tributary inflows on bacterial community composition and BCP, a ~90th percentile natural flow event was sampled over 5 days along the Lachlan River and its tributaries within the Murray-Darling Basin of eastern Australia. Increased tributary inflows after rainfall corresponded with a significantly different and more diverse bacterial community in the regulated mainstem. The major contributor to this difference was an increase in relative abundance of bacterial groups with a potential metabolic preference for humic substances (Burkholderiaceae Polynucleobacter, Alcaligenaceae GKS98 freshwater group, Saccharimonadia) and a significant decrease in Spirosomaceae Pseudarcicella, known to metabolise algal exudates. Increases in orthophosphate and river discharge explained 31% of community change, suggesting a combination of resource delivery and microbial community coalescence as major drivers. BCP initially decreased significantly with tributary inflows, but the total load of carbon assimilated by bacteria increased by up to 20 times with flow due to increased water volume. The significant drivers of BCP were dissolved organic carbon, water temperature, and conductivity. Notably, BCP was not correlated with bacterial diversity or community composition. Tributary inflows were shown to alter mainstem bacterial community structure and metabolic function to take advantage of fresh terrestrial dissolved organic material, resulting in substantial changes to riverine carbon assimilation over small times scales.

NEW WATERFLOODING EFFICIENCY EVALUATION METHOD (ON THE EXAMPLE OF 9th HORIZON OF THE GUNESHLI FIELD)

The purpose of the research in the article is to develop a method for evaluating the efficiency of the water injection process. For this purpose, a number of computer studies are carried out. In view of this, a computer simulation of water injection process is applied. Using oil parameters from IX horizon of Guneshli field as PVT-properties of oil in reservoir conditions, the process of oil displacement by water injection in various technological modes is studied, the correlation between the injection rate and the amount of incremental oil production is determined. For this purpose the process of oil displacement in a hypothetical field is modeled on the basis of the idea of «enlarged well» at different injection rates, such as 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70. and 75 m3/day. Water injection is carried out in the area of external reservoir boundary. In addition, the reservoir development process in the depletion regime is predicted for comparison. In both cases, the formation radius is considered as a circular layer equivalent to the real layer. Analysis of the obtained results determines the criteria for minimizing economic risks during water injection process. It is shown that at low rates of water injection, the numerical value of this parameter decreases with an increase of water volume injected per day. However, after a certain value of the injection rate, the efficiency factor increases with an increase of the water injected volume per day. Keywords: Displacement; Waterflooding; Waterflooding efficiency; Enlarged well.

Pemanfaatan Biopori sebagai Sumber Resapan untuk Menjaga Ketersediaan Air di Kelurahan Paruga Kota Bima

Research on the effect of using biopore as a source of infiltration to maintain the availability of ground water in the district of Rasanae Barat, Bima City. Lack of water is a problem or disaster for every citizen in urban areas. The purpose of this research is how the effect of the biopore. The method used in this study is to use data collection in the form of measuring the height of the volume of water absorption. The parameters tested in this study were to measure the availability of water every day for 5 days. In this study, 4 infiltration wells and 1 control well were made. The volume of increasing the height of the 1st day (First) hole 1 water volume 0.74, hole 2 water volume 0.7, hole 3 water volume 0.72, hole 4 water volume 0.7. day 2 (two) hole 1 water volume 0.76, hole 2 water volume 0.76, hole 3 water volume 0.77, hole 4 water volume 0.76. day 3 (three) hole 1 water volume 0.8, hole 2 water volume 0.81, hole 3 water volume 0.81, hole 4 water volume 0.79. day 4 (four) hole 1 water volume 0.79, hole 2 water volume 0.77, hole 3 water volume 0.8, hole 4 water volume 0.79. With a total volume of 3.09 holes 1, hole 2 volume 3.04, hole 3 volume 3.1, hole 4 volume 3.04. while those in infiltration wells were seen in control wells with initial height data of 0.7 m, second day 0.75 m, third day 0.8 m and final height 0.8 m. From the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that by making 4 biopore holes and 1 control hole, it shows an increase in water volume of 0.8 by using biopore holes as a source of groundwater infiltration

Cuticular Swabs and eDNA as Non-Invasive Sampling Techniques to Monitor Aphanomyces astaci in Endangered White-Clawed Crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes Complex)

In endangered crayfish conservation projects, it is paramount to map the distribution of the causative agent of crayfish plague, Aphanomyces astaci, in native populations. Considering the inapplicability of the destructive cuticular sampling protocol for monitoring endangered populations, we explored the use of non-invasive sampling techniques to detect this pathogen with molecular assays. In the present study, we exploited environmental DNA (testing increasing water volumes combined with different filter porosities) and cuticular swabs to collect A. astaci DNA. In addition, we evaluated the impact of the storage method on DNA preservation during field activities. After the first evaluations performed on both highly infected Austropotamobius pallipes and carrier Procambarus clarkii specimens in laboratory conditions, these sampling techniques were applied to wild populations of white-clawed crayfish. Our findings highlight better results with the filtration of 5 L of water with filters of 2.7 µm porosity for eDNA analysis and demonstrate that cuticular swabbing is equally effective as the World Organisation of Animal Health’s protocol. Storage in absolute ethanol proved to be the best solution to preserve swabs and filter samples for up to a week at room temperature. In conclusion, we suggest an integration of both sampling methods when monitoring A. astaci for conservation purposes.

Towards a successful River Dolphin conservation plan in India: A scientometric mapping of past research and current needs

Abstract The Ganges Dolphin needs uninterrupted water sources in order to both communicate and to locate its food. Ever-increasing activities in the rivers, especially from motorized vessels, are likely to add noise to the soundscape used by this animal and may affect its ability to locate its prey or to sense its environment. Although efforts have been made to improve the quality and flow of the water passing through the Ganga River system, a coordinated effort among policymakers, local implementing authorities, researchers, and funding agencies is needed to achieve the desired goal of restoring the habitat of dolphins, stopping their accidental deaths, increasing their number by captive breeding, and reinstating the biodiversity of aquatic organisms that are passively or actively linked to them. While passive restoration plans such as improving water quality, increasing water volume, and habitat reclamation may work well, the developmental needs along the river exert constant pressure on these plans. These plans may not be effective without the strict enforcement of guidelines, an understanding of the requirements of the plans by all the stakeholders, and the awareness of the population living along the rivers. Therefore, conservation efforts, along with ongoing passive restoration processes aimed at improving the dolphin's living ecosystem by providing enough quality water cover and prey, should focus on increasing the population of these animals by propagating them in captivity through biological or biotechnological means, the success of which needs strong scientific research backing. A scientometric analysis of 20 years (2001–2020) on this animal shows that scientific studies are confined to the ecology of the animals and very little is known either of their biology or their genetics. During the study period, India occupied fourth spot in number of publications on river dolphins, with the Indian Institute of Technology as leading institute. Advance biology techniques may allow us to breed the animal in captivity and even clone the animal. However, the research towards this requires creating the necessary basic infrastructure, funding, and policy support, and developing human resources for research and management.

Contribution of muscle MRI for diagnosis of myopathy

Inherited myopathies are a group of disease, which, although distinct from a genetic and prognostic point of view, can lead to non-specific clinical pictures due to phenotypic overlap. Acquired immuno-mediated myopathies may also pose the problem of clinically accurate etiological orientation. The assessment of fatty infiltration and pathological increase in water volume of the muscle contingent on whole-body muscle MRI is becoming increasingly important in aiding the initial diagnosis of inherited and acquired myopathies. MRI helps orientating the clinical diagnostic hypotheses thanks to the patterns of muscle involved (more or less specific according to the entities), which led to the development of decision-making algorithms proposed in the literature. The aim of this article is to specify the proper MRI protocol for the evaluation of myopathies and the basis of the interpretation and to provide a summary of the most frequently inherited and acquired myopathies described in the literature.

Effect of secondary intervention on recognition accuracy of coal and gangue with small gray difference

Liquid intervention is an effective method for improving the coal/gangue recognition accuracy in longwall top coal caving mining, especially for coal and gangue with small gray difference. In this study, the influence of the Secondary Intervention (SI) on the accuracy of coal/gangue recognition is considered, and a series of experiments of coal/gangue recognition with First Intervention (FI) and SI were carried out. The results showed that with the increasing water volume, the temperature difference between coal and gangue under FI is far greater than that under SI. It is concluded that the “subtract background + binarization” image processing method is the best, and its average recognition accuracy under FI reaches 92.41%, and that of SI is 82.44%. Moreover, the liquid volume of SI needs to be reasonably selected to achieve high recognition accuracy for coal and gangue with small gray difference.

Analysis of Global Sea Level Change Based on Multi-Source Data

Global sea level rise is both a major indicator and consequence of global warming. At present, global warming is causing sea level rise in two main ways: one is the thermal expansion of sea water, and the other is the injection of large amounts of fresh water into the ocean after glaciers and ice sheets melt. In this paper, satellite altimeter data are used to study the total changes of global sea level from 2002 to 2020. Different from most previous studies, this study proposes a calculation method of sea level anomaly using only the along track altimetry data, which is similar to considering the satellite points as tide gauges, in order to avoid the error caused by interpolation in the map data. In addition, GRACE satellite data are used to calculate the changes of global sea level caused by water increase; temperature and salinity data are used to calculate the changes from ocean thermal expansion. Next, using satellite altimetry data, the calculation results show that the global sea level rise rate in the period of 2002–2020 is 3.3 mm/a. During this period, the sea level change caused by the increase of sea water calculated with GRACE satellite data is 2.07 mm/a, and that caused by the thermal expansion of seawater is 0.62 mm/a. The sea level rise caused by the increase of water volume accounts for 62.7% of the total sea level rise.

Characterization of Long-Time Series Variation of Glacial Lakes in Southwestern Tibet: A Case Study in the Nyalam County

Glacial lakes are important freshwater resources in southern Tibet. However, glacial lake outburst floods have significantly jeopardized the safety of local residents. To better understand the changes in glacial lakes in response to climate change, it is necessary to conduct a long-term evaluation on the areal dynamics of glacial lakes, assisted with local observations. Here, we propose an innovative method of classification and stacking extraction to accurately delineate glacial lakes in southwestern Tibet from 1990 to 2020. Based on Landsat images and meteorological data, we used geographic detectors to detect correlation factors. Multiple regression models were used to analyze the driving factors of the changes in glacier lake area. We combined bathymetric data of the glacial lakes with the changes in climatic variables and utilized HEC-RAS to determine critical circumstances for glacial lake outbursts. The results show that the area of glacial lakes in Nyalam County increased from 27.95 km2 in 1990 to 52.85 km2 in 2020, and eight more glacial lakes were observed in the study area. The glacial lake area expanded by 89.09%, where we found significant growth from 2015 to 2020. The correlation analysis between the glacial lake area and climate change throughout the period shows that temperature and precipitation dominate the expansion of these lakes from 1990 to 2020. We also discover that the progressive increase in water volume of glacial lakes can be attributed to the constant rise in temperature and freeze–thaw of surrounding glaciers. Finally, the critical conditions for the glacial lake’s outburst were predicted by using HEC-RAS combined with the changes in the water volume and climatic factors. It is concluded that GangxiCo endures a maximum water flow of 4.3 × 108 m3, and the glacial lake is in a stable changing stage. This conclusion is consistent with the field investigation and can inform the prediction of glacial lake outbursts in southwestern Tibet in the future.

Experimental and mechanistic study of mudstone volumetric swelling at the bottom of salt cavern gas storage

Salt cavern gas storage is one of the vital strategic natural gas reserves and emergency peak shaving facilities all over the world. However, rock salt in China is primarily bedded salt, usually composed of many thin salt layers and interlayers (e.g., anhydrite, mudstone, and glauberite). During the water solution mining process of the cavern, the insoluble mudstones fall to the bottom and account for 1/3 up to 2/3 of the storage capacity. The bulk volume of the insoluble mudstones is almost twice its in-suit volume. It is of great urgency to investigate the swelling mechanisms of the bottom insoluble mudstones. Given this, we first analyzed the mineral composition of salt rock and insoluble mudstones by using XRD and SEM methods. Then, experimental studies were carried out considering both clay swelling and physical packing. At last, the zeta potential tests were conducted to reveal the swelling mechanisms of the bottom mudstones. Results show that the volumetric expansion of mudstones is made up of three parts: clay swelling, particle surface bound water volume, and pore space free water volume increase. Because the content of expansive clay in the bottom mudstones is less than 2%, and the high salinity brine in the cavern has excellent clay stability performance, clay swelling is not the main contributor to the volumetric expansion of the bottom mudstones. Measurement results show that the surface of the mudstones is negatively charged after hydration. Electrostatic repulsion can increase the spacing between small rock particles and creates approximately 47.6% of the pore space, which is the main factor in the volumetric expansion of mudstones. This study provides a theoretical basis for the mining solution and capacity enlargement during the construction of bedded salt cavern gas storage in China.