Increase In Total Percentage Research Articles

China’s urbanisation evolution and metropolitan area expansion, based on the Prolonged Artificial Nighttime-light Dataset (PANDA, 1984–2020)

ABSTRACT China’s massive urbanisation development will undoubtedly serve as a global reference. Due to the uncertainty of statistical data, nighttime light (NTL) data have emerged as alternative data for urbanisation evaluation. Here, the application of the Prolonged Artificial NTL Dataset of China (1984–2020) has been newly expanded. Total-value statistical, complex NTL index (CNLI), NTL concentration degree, rank-size rule, and Markov transfer matrix were used to systematically mine information about urban change from multiple perspectives. China’s urbanisation exhibited rapid growth and outwards expansion. The total percentage increase in NTL brightness and NTL area was 409.38% and 302.58%, respectively. The Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration of East China had the fastest urbanisation (CNLI Trend = 0.0057/a, p < 0.01). Low NTL areas transitioned to medium NTL areas, and high and extremely-high NTL areas diffused to medium NTL areas. The cities in Eastern China and Southern China typically exhibited extremely-high type NTL areas, whereas other cities primarily exhibited medium NTL areas. The gaps between city sizes decreased over time (q Trend = – 0.0200/a, p < 0.01). Lowest-ranked cities exhibited the highest stability (>95%) in city size type transition. The spatiotemporal changes in NTL obtained were of great significance for monitoring urban expansion patterns, making government decisions, and quantifying China’s sustainable development.

The Effect of Traditional and Ultraconservative Access Cavities On the Increase in Surface Area of Root Canal After Instrumentation: An in Vitro Study

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the impact of ultraconservative and traditional endodontic access cavities on the total percentage increase in the surface area of root canals. Methods: Endodontic instrumentation was performed on 30 simulated maxillary first premolars with two roots using traditional and ultraconservative access cavities via ProTaper Next rotary files. The pre- and postinstrumentation photographs of the root canals were analyzed blindly using Fiji software to determine the percentage increase in surface area. Results: A significant increase in the surface area of the root canal was observed with an ultraconservative endodontic access cavity compared to a traditional access cavity. The difference between the palatal and buccal roots was not significant, but there was a significant difference among the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of the root canal. Conclusion: Ultraconservative access cavities have a significant impact on the increase in surface area of the root canal after instrumentation.

Correlation and projection analysis between total population and total electrical energy consumption in Province of Bangka Belitung Island

This study aims to analyze the projected total population and its correlation to the level of electricity consumption in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. The correlation of total population to the level of electrical energy consumption and its projections are very important as basic information in designing sustainable regional development, especially in the energy and economic sectors. The time series data used in this study starts from 2007 and ends in 2021 with a projected value starting from 2022 to 2030. The projection method used is the exponential smoothing method with the results of model fitting that the Holt’s Exponential Smoothing model is the best model with the smallest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), R Squared and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values among other models, namely 15381,641 for the RMSE value, 0.979 for R Squared value and 0.936 for the MAPE value. The projection results obtained that the Total Population and Total Electrical Energy Consumption variables in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands have a significant increase namely 0.20% for total percentage increase and there was a strong correlation between the two variables with a significance value of less than 0.05 and a Pearson Correlation value of 0,792.

Implementasi Supervisi Akademik untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Guru dalam Menyusun Administrasi Pembelajaran pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di SMP Negeri 6 Mataram

This study aims to determine the increase in teacher competence in compiling learning administration during the Covid-19 pandemic through the implementation of academic supervision at SMP Negeri 6 Mataram in the Odd Semester of the 2020/2021 Academic Year. This research method uses school action research conducted for teachers of SMP Negeri 6 Mataram which consists of 58 people. Data were collected by means of observation and questionnaires. The data analysis used is descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of academic supervision is effectively used to increase teacher competence at SMP Negeri 6 Mataram in preparing learning administration during the Covid-19 pandemic. This result is proven based on the data in the first cycle, the total average value of the teacher's competence only increased from the first cycle, namely the percentage of completeness 44.83% and 91.38%. In cycle II, the teacher is generally said to be complete with the average total score increase is 9.86 and the total percentage increase is 46.55%.

Development of Timor local red peanut with multi gamma irradiation technique for obtaining several superior mutant cultivars that tolerant of drought stress, disease pests, and high production

The main problem studied in this research is the development of local Timor red peanuts using multigamma irradiation. This study aims to develop local Timo red peanut varieties through breeding using standard multi-gamma irradiation and careful selection to obtain superior mutant cultivars. Research methods include: irradiation, observation, sampling, selection, purification, comparative, and interpretation. The results obtained: The development of local Timor red peanuts varieties through breeding with multigamma irradiation techniques and careful selection resulted in superior mutant cultivars that could adapt to several abiotic and biotic conditions and significantly increased production. The use of multigamma irradiation in the development of local Timor red peanuts resulted in three varieties of selected high yielding mutant varieties with relatively similar production and significantly increased compared to the parent variety. The average total percentage increase in production for the three varieties of selected high yielding mutant varieties resulting from multigamma irradiation was 49.16% with an average total dry seed moisture content of 11.07%.

Repurposing Disulfiram (Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide) as a Potential Drug Candidate against Borrelia burgdorferi In Vitro and In Vivo.

Lyme disease caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb or B. burgdorferi) is the most common vector-borne, multi-systemic disease in the USA. Although most Lyme disease patients can be cured with a course of the first line of antibiotic treatment, some patients are intolerant to currently available antibiotics, necessitating the development of more effective therapeutics. We previously found several drugs, including disulfiram, that exhibited effective activity against B. burgdorferi. In the current study, we evaluated the potential of repurposing the FDA-approved drug, disulfiram for its borreliacidal activity. Our results indicate disulfiram has excellent borreliacidal activity against both the log and stationary phase B. burgdorferi sensu stricto B31 MI. Treatment of mice with disulfiram eliminated the B. burgdorferi sensu stricto B31 MI completely from the hearts and urinary bladder by day 28 post infection. Moreover, disulfiram-treated mice showed reduced expressions of inflammatory markers, and thus they were protected from histopathology and cardiac organ damage. Furthermore, disulfiram-treated mice showed significantly lower amounts of total antibody titers (IgM and IgG) at day 21 and total IgG2b at day 28 post infection. FACS analysis of lymph nodes revealed a decrease in the percentage of CD19+ B cells and an increase in total percentage of CD3+ T cells, CD3+ CD4+ T helpers, and naive and effector memory cells in disulfiram-treated mice. Together, our findings suggest that disulfiram has the potential to be repurposed as an effective antibiotic for treating Lyme disease.

Embedded silicon nanocrystal interface structure and strain

The structure of nanocrystal-matrix interface and strain in embedded nanocrystals are studied using large-scale atomistic simulations, with the examples of Si nanocrystal embedded in amorphous matrix of SiO2. Photoluminescence from silicon nanocrystals embedded in a dielectric matrix like SiO2 and Si3N4 are promising for Si-based optical devices. The nanocrystal-matrix interface plays a crucial role in understanding its optical and electrical properties. Nanocrystals with diameters varying from 2.17 to 4.56 nm are studied. A detailed quantitative analysis of the variation of Si/SiO2 interface structure and strain distribution with nanocrystal diameter is reported. A linear variation of the interface width with nanocrystal diameter is observed with thinner interfaces for larger nanocrystals. Local deformation analysis reveals that the smaller nanocrystals are highly strained, whereas the strain in the larger ones shifts to the interface. This is in accordance with observed increase in total percentage of defect states in the interface from 39 to 70% for diameter increasing from 2.17 to 4.56 nm. Moreover, based on the atomic arrangements at the interface, optically active defects like Pb centres, E centres and non-bridging oxygen centres are identified and a dominance of Pb centres is observed for all the nanocrystals. The detailed structural characterization-related investigations using the proposed simulation approach will find useful application in designing system-level response of embedded nanocrystals and also to correlate various experimental observations.

Improvement of an adhesive joint constructed from carbon fiber-reinforced plastic and dry carbon fiber laminates

Abstract The staircase joint is an adhesive joint constructed using stepped carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) fabric, half molded with dry carbon fibers. In this adhesive joint, the CFRP part is fabricated first, then remolded with dry carbon fiber laminates. Some improvements are provided to enhance performance in terms of tensile strength. These improvements include the addition of extra carbon fiber covers and overlapping the carbon fiber half over the CFRP. This paper introduces three adhesive joints: the first is the original staircase joint and the other two are improved staircase joints. All joints and CFRP fabrics were made in our laboratory using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) manufacturing techniques. Specimens were prepared for tensile testing to measure joint performance. The results showed an improved tensile load for the modified staircase joints. For example, the total percentage increase in the tensile load was 39% for five-carbon-fiber-layer CFRP. The final joining efficiency reached 59% for seven-carbon-fiber-layer CFRP. However, the tensile fracture behavior of all joints showed the same pattern of cracks, originating near the joint ends, followed by crack propagation until fracture.

Spatially explicit modeling of lesser prairie‐chicken lek density in Texas

ABSTRACTAs with many other grassland birds, lesser prairie‐chickens (Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) have experienced population declines in the Southern Great Plains. Currently they are proposed for federal protection under the Endangered Species Act. In addition to a history of land‐uses that have resulted in habitat loss, lesser prairie‐chickens now face a new potential disturbance from energy development. We estimated lek density in the occupied lesser prairie‐chicken range of Texas, USA, and modeled anthropogenic and vegetative landscape features associated with lek density. We used an aerial line‐transect survey method to count lesser prairie‐chicken leks in spring 2010 and 2011 and surveyed 208 randomly selected 51.84‐km2 blocks. We divided each survey block into 12.96‐km2 quadrats and summarized landscape variables within each quadrat. We then used hierarchical distance‐sampling models to examine the relationship between lek density and anthropogenic and vegetative landscape features and predict how lek density may change in response to changes on the landscape, such as an increase in energy development. Our best models indicated lek density was related to percent grassland, region (i.e., the northeast or southwest region of the Texas Panhandle), total percentage of grassland and shrubland, paved road density, and active oil and gas well density. Predicted lek density peaked at 0.39 leks/12.96 km2 (SE = 0.09) and 2.05 leks/12.96 km2 (SE = 0.56) in the northeast and southwest region of the Texas Panhandle, respectively, which corresponds to approximately 88% and 44% grassland in the northeast and southwest region. Lek density increased with an increase in total percentage of grassland and shrubland and was greatest in areas with lower densities of paved roads and lower densities of active oil and gas wells. We used the 2 most competitive models to predict lek abundance and estimated 236 leks (CV = 0.138, 95% CI = 177–306 leks) for our sampling area. Our results suggest that managing landscapes to maintain a greater percentage of grassland and shrubland on the landscape with a greater ratio of grasses to shrubs in the northeast Panhandle should promote greater lek density. Furthermore, increases in paved road and active oil and gas well densities may reduce lek density. This information will be useful for future conservation planning efforts for land protection, policy decisions, and decision analyses. © 2013 The Wildlife Society

Age and Gender Trends in Long-Term Opioid Analgesic Use for Noncancer Pain

We describe age and gender trends in long-term use of prescribed opioids for chronic noncancer pain in 2 large health plans. Age- and gender-standardized incident (beginning in each year) and prevalent (ongoing) opioid use episodes were estimated with automated health care data from 1997 to 2005. Profiles of opioid use in 2005 by age and gender were also compared. From 1997 to 2005, age-gender groups exhibited a total percentage increase ranging from 16% to 87% for incident long-term opioid use and from 61% to 135% for prevalent long-term opioid use. Women had higher opioid use than did men. Older women had the highest prevalence of long-term opioid use (8%-9% in 2005). Concurrent use of sedative-hypnotic drugs and opioids was common, particularly among women. Risks and benefits of long-term opioid use are poorly understood, particularly among older adults. Increased surveillance of the safety of long-term opioid use is needed in community practice settings.

Effects of a Modified Milieu Therapy Intervention on the Social Communicative Behaviors of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combining milieu therapy and functional communication training (FCT)] to replace aberrant behavior with functional communicative skills in 3 male preschool or elementary aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Study activities were conducted in the natural environments of the participants and parents acted as change agents. A concurrent multiple baseline design across participants was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the modified milieu therapy intervention. Results indicate that aberrant behavior decreased concurrent with an increase in total percentage of communication responses (PCR). The children maintained communication and low rates of aberrant behavior, and generalized their communication from the home to the classroom. A discussion of limitations and future research directions is included.

Terpenoid Essential Oil Metabolism in Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Following Elicitation

The induction of terpenoid biosynthesis has been observed in many plant species. The accumulation of the ter-penoid essential oils in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) following elicitors treatment was investigated in this work. Plants that exhibited the same stage of development after approximately two weeks in a hydroponic system were selected for treatment with the elicitors chitosan, methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate. Following elicitation, plants were manually collected and the remaining non-harvested plants were collected after 72 h, 96 h, 144 h and 192 h. The time-course of terpenoid accumulation showed signifcant higher levels of the sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene and the monoterpenes linalool, 1,8-cineole and limonene. Treatment of plants with chitosan resulted in no induction of the monoterpene limonene and the response on concentration of the other terpenoids was more varied compared to methyl salicylate and methyl jasmonate. Elicitation with methyl jasmonate required the longest time period (192 h after initiation of treatment) to show a signifcant increase in terpenoid production and also resulted in the most uniform response in biosynthesis comparing to the other elicitors. Induction by methyl salicylate occurred in a shorter time frame compared with the other elicitors. The total percentage increase of terpenes at the end of the experiment with respect to the beginning showed a lower effect on methyl salicylate and chitosan treated plants. Methyl jasmonate was the only elicitor that resulted in total percentage increase of β-caryophyllene, 1,8-cinelole, linalool and limonene.

Characterization of CD3+ CD4- CD8- (double negative) T cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: activation markers.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by B cell hyperactivity and the production of autoantibodies, some of which (antibodies to dsDNA) are thought to be pathogenic. T helper cells drive the production of autoantibodies and the aim of this study is to characterize phenotypically a subpopulation of T cells (the CD3+ CD4- CD8-, double negative (DN) T cells) previously identified as helping to enhance anti-DNA antibodies in patients with SLE. Data were obtained using FACS staining of DN T cells that had been purified from PBMCs by magnetic bead separation. The percentage of TCR alphabeta+ DN T cells was found to be significantly higher in patients with SLE as compared with controls (P = 0.02), although there was no significant increase in total percentage of DN T cells, which includes TCR gammadelta+ cells. Activation markers HLA-DR and CD69, the costimulatory molecule CD28 and CTLA-4 were all expressed on the surface of a higher percentage of DN T cells in patients with SLE than in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or healthy controls (HC). More DN T cells from patients with SLE were of CD45RA phenotype than was found in controls, while CD45RO-expressing cells were reduced. In addition, DN T cells from patients with SLE expressed significantly higher levels of HLA-DR (P = 0.006), CD28 (P = 0.05), CTLA4 (P = 0.03) and CD45RA (P = 0.05) on the cell surface than those from the CD4/8 population. Correlation of expression of the markers measured with various parameters of disease activity and severity showed that high levels of HLA-DR expression correlated with high circulating serum C3 (> 0.9 IU/ml), indicating that an activated phenotype is consistent with severe disease.

Acetylcholinesterase potentiates [ 3H]fluorowillardiine and [ 3H]AMPA binding to rat cortical membranes

In addition to its action at cholinergic synapses acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been proposed to modulate neuronal activity by mechanisms unrelated to the hydrolysis of acetylcholine. We have investigated the effects of AChE on the binding of the specific AMPA receptor agonists ( S)-[ 3H]5-fluorowillardiine ([ 3H]FW) and [ 3H]AMPA to rat cortical membranes. Pretreatment of membranes with AChE causes a dose-dependent increase in the binding of both radiolabelled agonists with a maximal increase to ∼60% above control. This increase is completely blocked by the specific AChE inhibitors propidium, physostigmine, DFP and BW 284C51. AChE pretreatment had no effect on [ 3H]kainate binding. [ 3H]FW binding to membranes from young (15-day-old) rats is four orders of magnitude more sensitive to AChE modulation than membranes from adult rats (EC 50 values of 4×10 −5 and 0.1 unit/ml, respectively) although the total percentage increase in binding is similar. Furthermore, the AChE-induced potentiation of [ 3H]FW binding is Ca 2+- and temperature-dependent suggesting an enzymatic action for AChE in this system. Saturation binding experiments with [ 3H]FW to adult membranes reveal high and low affinity binding sites and demonstrate that the main action of AChE is to increase the B max of both sites. These findings suggest that modulation of AMPA receptors could provide a molecular mechanism of action for the previously reported effects of AChE in synapse formation, synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration.

Characteristics of Minnesota Dairy Farms that Significantly Increased Milk Production from 1989-19931,2

This study evaluated factors that affected decision making and changes within the Minnesota dairy industry. The 50 herds selected for this study had at least 75 cows registered with the Dairy Herd Improvement Association in 1993 and were selected based on the total percentage increase in milk production on the farm from 1989 to 1993. These 50 herds had a mean herd size of 131 cows and a mean milk production of 8807kg per cow in 1993. On average, from 1989 to 1993, the surveyed herds increased their total milk output by 90%, increased their herd size by 51 cows, and increased mean herd milk production by 926kg. Of the farms, 50% were partnerships or family corporations, and 50% were owned by a single family. The surveyed producers were 39 yr of age on average. During the period studied, the use of free-stall housing increased from 36 to 48%, use of the milking parlor increased from 32 to 54%, and use of tie stalls decreased from 42 to 28%. The daily hauling of manure decreased from 34 to 20% on these farms. The use of hired labor increased by a mean of 0.61 full-time workers and 0.34 part-time workers. Strategies for herd growth included internal growth (no purchased animals), 24%; the purchase of cows, 24%; and the purchase of springers, 52%. Over 90% of the producers were very satisfied or somewhat satisfied with dairy farming operations, but only 33% of the spouses were very or somewhat satisfied. Satisfaction levels were positively associated with overall production levels on the farms. Although there is no single established pattern for the expansion of herds, practices utilized by those producers surveyed can be scrutinized by others who are contemplating expansions to determine what might be efficient for their operations.

ENDOGENOUS LEVELS OF INDOLE‐3‐ACETIC ACID IN SYNCHRONOUS CULTURES OF CHLORELLA PYRENOIDOSA12

SUMMARYEndogenous levels of indole‐3‐acetic acid were mesaured in synchronous cultures of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (TX‐7‐11‐05). The cultures were synchronized by alternating light:dark periods of 15:9 hr at a temperature of 40 ± 1 C. After 2 synchronous cycles the cultures were exposed to a low light treatment of 350 ± 100 ft‐c. The time to incipient cell division under these conditions was 6 hr and 15 min. Samples were taken at 3 sampling periods during the low light treatment period:low light 0 hr (LL0); low light 3 hr (LL3); and low light 6:15 hr (LL6:15). The algal extracts were analyzed by a fluorometric procedure which measured the indole‐α‐pyrone product formed by the action of the trifluoracetic acid‐acetic anhydride reagent with IAA.The IAA levels increased gradually from the autospore stage (5.19 μg × 10−4/mg dry wt) to the adolescent stage (7.13 μg × 10−4/mg dry wt) and more rapidly when approaching the ripened adult stage (14.55 μg × 10−4/mg dry wt). The mean percentage increase from autospore to adolescent was 36.9%, and from adolescent to ripened adult 104.6%. The total percentage increase from autospore to adult was 180.3%. Levels of IAA were 2 times higher just prior to division than in the autospore stage.