Increase In Student Performance Research Articles

Urban structure types and students’ academic performance

ABSTRACT In this study, we propose a novel approach for estimating the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and students’ academic performance. We propose the concept of urban morphology by Urban Structure Types (USTs). USTs are spatial indicators that describe the urban system through its physical, environmental, and functional characteristics. Our academic performance data includes 344,175 students from 256 public schools in the Federal District (FD), Brazil. This is student-level academic achievement data from 2017 to 2020. We performed the UST mapping in the FD by using visual interpretation. We classified 21 different types of UST. We fit mixed-effects regression models with a student-specific random intercept and slope. The model was adjusted for temporal factors, SES factors, and variables representing the characteristics and the location of each school. Our findings suggest associations between several types of USTs surrounding schools and academic performance. Overall, areas characterized as low population density, with high green index, and high standard residences were associated with an increase in student performance. In contrast, areas that include old buildings near streets, with significant traffic density, and areas with significant exposed soil (areas devasted) were associated with a decrease in student performance. The results of our study support the creation of effective educational and urban planning policies for local interventions. These interventions are likely to translate into healthier schools and improvements in children's behavioral development and learning performance.

Penerapan Model Kooperatif Tipe Tps Untuk Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Diri Siswa dan Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis di SMPN 5 Percut Sei Tuan

The objective of this research is to investigate the potential impact of implementing the TPS cooperative learning model on enhancing the self-confidence and mathematics communication abilities of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan. The specific focus will be on the Set content. This study used a class action research design, consisting of two distinct cycles. Each iteration comprises two meetings. The participants in this research consisted of 28 students from class VII-8 of SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan. The primary focus of this study is to enhance students' self-confidence and mathematical communication abilities by using the TPS cooperative learning model on Set material at SMP Negeri 5 Percut Sei Tuan during the academic year 2022/2023. Based on the findings derived from the analysis of the data, it was observed that the mean score for students' initial self-confidence was 53.61. Additionally, the mean test score for students' initial communication skills was found to be 44.92. Among the participants, a total of 3 students (13.04%) demonstrated mastery in this area, while the remaining 20 students (86.95%) had not yet achieved mastery. The learning process in cycle I was conducted using the TPS model. As a result, the average score of student confidence increased to 62.14, while the average score of the mathematical communication ability test increased to 55.80. Out of the total number of students, 8 students (34.78%) reached the completion criteria, while 15 students (65.21%) did not reach the completion criteria. In the second cycle, there was an observed increase in student performance. The average score for student confidence was recorded as 76.29, while the average score for the mathematical communication ability test was 75.97. Out of the total number of students, 19 students (82.60%) achieved completeness in the test, while 4 students (17.40%) did not reach completeness. The self-confidence questionnaire and mathematical communication skills exam administered in cycle II yielded results indicating a satisfactory level of student proficiency.

Online Assessment in Large Undergraduate Courses During COVID-19 Emergency Response Teaching

The transition to online instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic was unprecedented and forced many universities to quickly embrace online distance learning. This context created new challenges, particularly around assessment strategies. Empirical research has demonstrated that formative assessment fosters more active learning in online classrooms. However, formative assessment strategies are not always adapted well to online platforms based on the nature of the subject matter and the size of the class. This qualitative case study sought to understand instructors’ experiences and strategies for conducting assessment remotely, specifically for large-size undergraduate courses. The investigation relied on data from semi-structured interviews with University of Maryland, College Park instructors who received a Teaching Innovation Grant from the Provost’s Office in Summer 2020 intended to fund sustainable online delivery beyond the emergency response teaching phase. For this analysis, we analyzed the transcripts of 13 interviews, representing a diverse range of programs, schools, and faculty seniority levels at the university. Findings show instructors experienced several successes during course retooling, including significant increases in student performance. Most instructors also indicated that they would continue to keep new online assessment strategies for the future, regardless of whether that future includes online, blended, or in-person delivery. Despite the anticipation that the pandemic would fuel more opportunities for cheating, there was only one experience of academic dishonesty.

Optimization of the Pedagogical Process in Teaching Chemistry to First-Year Students of the Ural State Medical University

The purpose of research is to determine directions for optimizing the educational process with the introduction of new methodological approaches. For this purpose, the paper set the tasks to analyze the current methodological aspects of the component of the pedagogical process of teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty of the Ural State Medical University (USMU, Yekaterinburg); asess the impact of new methodological approaches in teaching on the performance of students. The discipline “Chemistry” is studied in the first semester, classroom hours for the discipline include lectures (32 hours), practical exercises and laboratory work (34 hours), which are conducted at the department of general chemistry of USMU.Materials and methods. The methodology for teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty of USMU (Ekaterinburg) is analyzed. The largest faculty was selected for the study. Over the course of 10 years, during the period of Federal State Educational Standard-3, the number of students at this faculty increased from two streams in the 2012-2013 academic year (300 people) up to four streams in the 2022-2023 academic year (700 people). Attestation in the discipline takes place in the form of a written test with an assessment (exam). Statistical processing of data on exam results and rating scores in the semester was carried out in the Microsoft Excel 2019 program. The obtained indexes are presented as arithmetic mean values and standard error of the mean (M±m).Results. Pearson's r-correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the linear relationship of variables: the percentage of correct answers in the exam ticket, the final student rating in the semester, the exam rating, the certification grade. To test the hypothesis about the effectiveness of the chosen teaching methodology, Pearson's test of agreement (χ2 ) was calculated for the sample size of students (n ≥ 100). The pedagogical process carried out in teaching chemistry to first-year students of the medical and preventive faculty is a complex system that includes target, content, activity, performance, resource components. The activity component of the organization of the pedagogical process was modified as follows: a new form of the examination card was developed, as close as possible to the form of control materials for the unified state exam in chemistry, the structure of the practical lesson was rationalized, and a new laboratory workshop was created and tested. The results of the exam in chemistry were analyzed using Pearson's goodness-of-fit test at a significance level of p<0, 05 in two groups of questions: 1 - on topics covered by a laboratory workshop and 2 - on topics not provided with laboratory work. The rating indexes of students when performing tasks related to the first group of questions are significantly higher than in the second group. ><0,05 in two groups of questions: 1 - on topics covered by a laboratory workshop and 2 - on topics not provided with laboratory work. The rating indexes of students when performing tasks related to the first group of questions are significantly higher than in the second group.Conclusion. When using an optimized laboratory practice in chemistry, the most rational form of the lesson is chosen, in which laboratory experiments are included. Comprehensive planning of such classes is carried out differently. The didactic tasks of the lesson are subordinated to highlighting what is essential in the content of the educational material. The presence of an optimized workshop significantly contributes to the choice of the most effective methods and forms of training for a given lesson, leading to an increase in student performance. It is shown that the updated form of the laboratory workshop in chemistry, along with the rationalization of the structure of the lesson and the form of the exam make it possible to achieve maximum learning outcomes with a limited time interval for classroom work. The new form of the examination card, along with the modernized practicum, contributed to the high marks in the exam. It is shown that a properly organized form of passing the exam allows you to adjust the progress of each student and set an objective assessment in chemistry.

Classroom or online learning? Impact of experiential learning in business process management education

This paper presents an empirical study with 150 graduate students at a business school to analyse the educational impact of experiential learning about process-oriented thinking in the classroom versus online learning setting. The results show that both learning settings are effective in increasing student performance but the increase in student performance in the face-to-face setting is twice as much as that in the e-learning setting. While learning time has no impact on student performance in this study, active engagement in the learning process has a positive impact in the online learning setting, but not in the face-to-face setting. Contrary to general findings, the results of this study indicate that a face-to-face setting is preferable for experiential learning about process-oriented thinking. Practical implications are that online learning can be used for general understanding while classroom learning is preferred for deeper understanding in the context of experiential learning about process-oriented thinking.

The concept map as a substitute for lectures: Effects on student performance and mental health

In comparison with traditional lectures, active learning methods have the potential to foster learner agency and consequently raise academic performance. However, these methods are often applied with little knowledge about their effectiveness. In this study, we introduced two concept maps in an undergraduate cell biology course, to investigate their effect on student performance, but also mental health, in a quasi-experimental setup. By implementing group tasks into the work, we aimed to reduce feelings of loneliness among the participants, a common phenomenon among students in the study country. We evaluated the effects of the concept maps via exam grades and in an anonymous student survey. Here, we found no increase in student performance after introduction of the active learning task. Students also did not report improvements in their feelings of loneliness. We conclude that this active learning method did not detectably improve student performance or mental health, a result which does not conform to the popular perception of positive effects from active learning. The survey revealed that students do not have a preference for either active learning or traditional lectures, however, the students experienced that the concept map helped them to describe, explain and hypothesize about the topics. Overall, this shows that the concept map method is a valid alternative to traditional lectures, since students perform equally between both learning approaches.

Improvement of Medical Student Performance in Telemedicine Standardized Patient Encounters Following an Educational Intervention.

The Association of American Medical Colleges identifies telemedicine competence as an important skill for graduating medical students, but which educational methods are effective in improving student performance is unclear. We aimed to assess the impact of two educational interventions on student performance in telemedicine standardized patient encounters. Sixty second-year medical students participated in the telemedicine curriculum during their required longitudinal ambulatory clerkship. Students first completed a preintervention telemedicine standardized patient (SP) encounter in October 2020. They subsequently were assigned to two intervention groups (ie, a role-play intervention, N=30; a faculty demonstration, N=30) and completed a teaching case. In December 2020, they completed a postintervention telemedicine SP encounter. Each case was a unique clinical scenario. SPs scored the encounters across six domains based on a standardized performance checklist. We compared the median scores for these domains and the median total score pre- and postintervention (using Wilcoxon signed rank and rank-sum tests) and the difference in median score by intervention type. Students scored highly in history-taking and communication performance but had low physical exam (PE) and assessment/plan scores. Postintervention, median scores in PE (ie, median score difference 2, interquartile ranges [IQR] 1-3.5, P<.001), assessment/plan (ie, median score difference 0.5, IQR 0-2, P=.005), and overall performance improved significantly (ie, median score difference 3, IQR 0-5, P<.001). Early medical students had low performance at baseline in telemedicine PE and assessment/plan skills, but both a role-play intervention and faculty demonstration led to significant increases in student performance.

The effect of incentivising pre-class reading on engagement and student performance

ABSTRACT A commonly-held belief is that many university students are ‘assessment-driven’; that is, students engage more with activities that are assessed compared with those that are not. ‘Incentivised engagement’ includes the practice of providing incentives (such as marks or otherwise) for students to engage in particular activities. Perusall is a social annotation platform designed to increase student engagement with pre-class reading. In this study, students in a second-year undergraduate Statistics for Engineering module were invited to carry out the weekly reading activity via the Perusall platform. During the first half of the semester, students’ engagement via Perusall did not count towards student marks, whereas during the second half of the semester, it did. We present the estimated effect of incentivised engagement, via use of the Perusall platform, on student engagement and performance. Our results show that incentivisation increased the engagement of students who were previously less engaged with the pre-class reading. For those students who were previously less engaged and had lower performance in summative assessments, there was also an increase in student performance following incentivisation. However, this effect was not observed for students who were already performing well before incentivisation.

The pearls and perils of “Flipping” the Classroom

In 2010, an administrative decision to record all class lectures and the subsequent drop in class attendance by the students led my physiology colleague and I to prerecord our lectures and provide them to the students ahead of time. We then utilized class time for more active learning sessions. We subsequently found out that we had inadvertently, “flipped the classroom.” The pearls experienced have been many. Our initial focus was to get students back into the classroom as this was a belief that we can better serve them. Historically, attendance in my flipped classes at two different institutions has been significantly greater (2X) than that I experience if all I do is lecture. In prepping for and executing my flipped class sessions I have been re-inspired and reinvigorated to maximize my teaching activities. The preparation for these activities has kept me delving into the literature and consulting colleagues to keep myself up-to-date and fresh on the material that I am presenting. However, the most rewarding aspect of flipping the classroom has been watching the student performance on the physiology portions of our tests, as well as the boards improve. We basically have seen an approximate 10% increase in the ability of our students to answer physiology questions in situations where we could test them in a controlled fashion. Correspondingly, students in the lower quartile of the class achieved an approximate 21% increase in student performance (previously published and presented at FASEB meetings). The perils related to flipping the classroom have been surprising but not unexpected. The initial issue with flipping the classroom is that it requires a greater investment in the process by the individual faculty member. I basically produce two slide sets as opposed to one. One slide set for the lecture recording and a second slide set for class presentation. Another complaint from faculty is related to the potential for losing “control” of the class which is of particular concern to faculty who are earlier in their careers that this is a potential discomfort with the process of flipping the classroom. Another complaint that I have heard from faculty comes from those who are not flipping the classroom (just lecturing) and they consider that the flipped classroom process gives me extra time. I have spent a lot of time in discussions with students, faculty and administration discounting this complaint. I love to talk with any faculty who wish to flip the classroom because I believe the pearls far outweigh the perils regarding flipping the classroom. To see the students’ faces, light up when they understand the concept during class and see their increase in performance on tests is the only reward necessary. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

STUDENTS' OPINIONS TOWARD USING ONLINE PLATFORM SOCRATIVE IN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION

With the development of technology, various new applications are increasingly used in schools. Their implementation often creates a stimulating environment for learning and leads to an increase in student performance. Due to their effectiveness, student responder systems (SRS) and similar mobile applications are increasingly used in teaching. The aim of the research was to examine students' opinions on application of Socrative online platform as a SRS in chemistry classes during formative evaluation. The sample included 77 primary and secondary school students from the Republic of Serbia. Online Socrative quiz was applied to evaluate their knowledge about mixtures (in primary school) and about antibiotics (in secondary school). After the quiz students filled out a questionnaire on their opinions towards the Socrative platform. The questionnaire consisted of 26 items organized in five subscales: advantage, belief, engagement, usability, and satisfaction. The obtained results showed that students had a positive opinion on the application of Socrative in chemistry education. As the positive features, students pointed out real-time feedback and increased engagement and motivation in class. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that students enjoy the use of online platform Socrative, so it is recommended for further use in chemistry classes in order to increase student participation and to develop a more efficient evaluation methodology. Keywords: chemistry education, mobile learning, student response system, Socrative quiz

Religious practice and student performance: Evidence from Ramadan fasting

We investigate how the intensity of Ramadan affects educational outcomes by exploiting spatio-temporal variation in annual fasting hours. Longer fasting hours are related to increases in student performance in a panel of TIMSS test scores (1995–2019) across Muslim countries but not other countries. Results are confirmed in a panel of PISA test scores (2003–2018) allowing within country-wave comparisons of Muslim to non-Muslim students across Europe. We provide evidence that a demanding Ramadan affects PISA test scores of Muslim students only in cohorts with a large share of co-religionists. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that shared experiences during more intensive Ramadans facilitate the formation of social capital and a social identity conducive to learning outcomes.

Implementation of Teams Games Tournament to Improve Student’s Learning Activity and Learning Outcome: Classroom Action Research

This research purpose to improve the quality of accounting learning in certain aspects of learning activity and learning outcome through the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model. The design of Classroom Action Research (CAR) was used in this study. The research is organized into two cycles, where each cycle includes four important phases in CAR including: planning, action, observation, and reflection/evaluation. The data collection technique uses observations on seven indicators of learning activity and uses pre-test post-test questions to determine an increase in student performance. The results of the study show that the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) model can improve the learning activity and learning outcomes of students in accounting subjects. The average score for student learning activities increased from 71.28% in cycle I to 90.03% in cycle II. The average academic performance in accounting increased from 81.56 on the first cycle test to 95.70 on the second cycle test. This study provides suggestions and recommendations for teachers to use the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) model, as this model can improve the quality of classroom learning, especially in aspects of learning activity and student learning outcomes.

EFISIENSI GADGET SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BAGI SISWA SD DI KELURAHAN SEKAR MAWAR KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HULU

The purpose of the journal is to provide broader knowledge regarding Gadget Efficiency as a learning media for primary school students in Sekar Mawar Sub-District, Indragiri Hulu Regency. the use of gadgets such as tablets in the classroom can contribute to an increase in student performance, it can also contribute to a decrease in the number of students who perform poorly in class. Not only that, gadgets also help improve the efficiency of teaching methods and students' learning capacity using tablets in class. Overall, the use of electronic gadgets has made the activities carried out in the classroom more flexible. Activities carried out by Kukerta students included conducting socialization related to the efficiency of gadgets as learning media for elementary students at SDN 003 Sekar Mawar regarding the meaning of gadgets, kinds of gadgets, positive and negative impacts of gadgets, how to use gadgets well, guidelines for using Google Meet, Zoom and Google Classroom as technology-based learning media using gadgets. Furthermore, Kukerta Students conducted a quiz with prizes which were asked to students of SDN 003 Sekar Mawar about the material described in the socialization, the last activity carried out was direct practice in using Zoom, Google Classroom, and Google Meet.
 Keywords: Gadgets, Benefit, Learning Media

Writing and Using Learning Objectives.

Learning objectives (LOs) are used to communicate the purpose of instruction. Done well, they convey the expectations that the instructor-and by extension, the academic field-has in terms of what students should know and be able to do after completing a course of study. As a result, they help students better understand course activities and increase student performance on assessments. LOs also serve as the foundation of course design, as they help structure classroom practices and define the focus of assessments. Understanding the research can improve and refine instructor and student use of LOs. This essay describes an online, evidence-based teaching guide published by CBE-Life Sciences Education (LSE) at http://lse.ascb.org/learning-objectives. The guide contains condensed summaries of key research findings organized by recommendations for writing and using LOs, summaries of and links to research articles and other resources, and actionable advice in the form of a checklist for instructors. In addition to describing key features of the guide, we also identify areas that warrant further empirical studies.

A Framework for Developing Higher Teacher Expectations to Improve the Educational Experiences of Marginalized Students

In order to improve learning outcomes for impoverished students, teachers must strive to develop high expectations for all students regardless of their socioeconomic status. Higher academic expectations support an increase in student performance. Teachers’ expectancies of student abilities are the primary force driving their instructional practices in the classroom and determining school reforms’ effectiveness. Teachers’ expectations of student abilities are the primary force that drives their instructional practices in the classroom and determines the effectiveness of school reforms (Aftab, 2016; Kinay & Ardiç, 2017). Studies have also shown that teacher feedback can influence how students perform academically (Baadte & Kurenbach, 2017; Gentrup et al., 2020). Teachers’ perceptions of their efficacy in meeting the academic needs of disadvantaged students may impede their students’ academic progress. A deeper analysis of teachers’ described effectiveness in meeting the needs of diverse learners can help improve teacher preparation programs so teachers are prepared for the diverse classroom environment. Adequate training may improve self-efficacy in meeting the needs of all students.

Implementation of Recitations in General Chemistry I Laboratory Courses to Increase Student Performance

Implementation of Recitations in General Chemistry I Laboratory Courses to Increase Student Performance

A Weighted Evaluation Study of Clinical Teacher Performance at Five Hospitals in the UK.

IntroductionEvaluation of individual teachers in undergraduate medical education helps clinical teaching fellows identify their own strengths and weaknesses. In addition, evaluation data can be used to guide career decisions. In order for evaluation results to adequately reflect true teaching performance, a range of parameters should be considered when designing data collection tools.MethodsClinical teaching fellows at five London teaching hospitals were evaluated by third-year students they had supervised during a ten-week clinical attachment. The questionnaire addressed (a) general teaching skills and (b) student learning outcome measured via comparative self-assessments. Teachers were ranked using different algorithms with various weights assigned to these two factors.ResultsA total of 133 students evaluated 14 teaching fellows. Overall, ratings on teaching skills were largely favourable, while the perceived increase in student performance was modest. Considerable variability across teachers was observed for both factors. Teacher rankings were strongly influenced by the weighting algorithm used. Depending on the algorithm, one teacher was assigned any rank between #2 and #10.ConclusionBoth parts of the questionnaire address different outcomes and thus highlight specific strengths and weaknesses of individual teachers. Programme directors need to carefully consider the weight assigned to individual components of teacher evaluations in order to ensure a fair appraisal of teacher performance.

Cognitive Task Analysis to Improve Student Competencies: a Pilot Study based on the Use of the Square of PErceived ACtion Model

The aim of this pilot study was to test a method developed in the Cognitive Task Analysis paradigm for adult occupational training in the field of education. The method used was based on the Square of Percieved ACtion (SPEAC) protocol using the SPEAC model (explaining how to successfully put competencies in action). The study was conducted in two secondary education classes, with a sample of 36 students (control group and test group) for an activity in Economics & Social science. The application of this innovative SPEAC-based method resulted in a significant and homogeneous increase in student performance. Beyond showing that the protocol can be applied both for adults and the young and in both occupational and academic contexts, the study demonstrates the benefits in learning and training with this method. Cognitive processes underpinning the improvement in teaching and limitations of the method are discussed.

Design, implementation, and assessment of an interactive simulation to teach undergraduate immunology students hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a potentially fatal condition caused by a Rhesus (Rh) antigen incompatibility between a mother and fetus. As a result, determining the Rh status of expectant parents is a routine clinical assessment. Both the physiological and immunological basis of this condition are taught to undergraduate students. At the University of South Australia, some undergraduate immunology students find this topic challenging. The author designed, implemented, and assessed the impact of an interactive simulation to facilitate student learning of HDN. The students were actively engaged in determining the blood grouping and Rh status of an expectant mother and father and then determining the possibility of developing HDN. The simulation was found to take only 15 min to complete yet led to a significant increase in student performance in an end of semester exam question. Student perceived understanding was found to significantly improve following the introduction of the simulation, even though the content had been covered in a formal lecture. Student feedback was highly positive of this learning approach. In conclusion, short, interactive simulations can be used effectively to enhance student learning of challenging concepts.

Test-Based Accountability and the Effectiveness of School Finance Reforms

A recent literature provides new evidence that school resources are important for student outcomes. This paper examines whether school accountability systems that incentivize performance (such as No Child Left Behind) raise the efficiency with which additional resources get spent. We leverage the timing of school finance reforms to compare funding impacts on student test scores between states that had accountability in place at the time of the reform and states that did not. The results show that finance-reform-induced increases in student performance are driven by those states where the reform was accompanied by the presence of test-based accountability.