Increase In Self-reported Physical Activity Research Articles

Stay on Track: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial on the Feasibility of a Diet and Exercise Intervention in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Radiotherapy.

Among patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy, posttreatment cardiovascular disease and worsened quality of life (QoL) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. To overcome these negative radiotherapy effects, this prospective, randomized clinical trial pilots a 12-week Stay on Track exercise and diet intervention for overweight patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer undergoing whole-breast radiotherapy. The intervention group (n = 22) participated in three personal exercise and dietary counseling sessions, and received three text reminders/week to adhere to recommendations. The control group (n = 22) was administered a diet/exercise information binder. All patients received a Fitbit, and at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, measurements of biomarkers, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans, QoL and physical activity surveys, and food frequency questionnaires were obtained. A satisfaction survey was administered at 3 months. Stay on Track was well received, with high rates of adherence and satisfaction. The intervention group showed an increase in self-reported physical activity and preserved QoL, a decrease in body mass index and visceral fat, and higher American Cancer Society/American Institute of Cancer Research dietary adherence. The control participants had reduced QoL, anti-inflammatory markers, and increased metabolic syndrome markers. Both groups had decreased overall body mass. These changes were within group effects. When comparing the intervention and control groups over time, there were notable improvements in dietary adherence in the intervention group. Targeted lifestyle interventions during radiotherapy are feasible and could decrease cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with breast cancer. Larger-scale implementation with longer follow-up can better determine interventions that influence cardiometabolic health and QoL. This pilot study examines cardiometabolic benefits of a combined diet and exercise intervention for patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy. The intervention included an activity tracker (FitBit) and text message reminders to promote adherence to lifestyle interventions. Large-scale implementation of such programs may improve cardiometabolic outcomes and overall QoL among patients with breast cancer.

Findings from a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled feasibility trial of a music and dance programme for community dwelling older adults

IntroductionFunctional decline, chronic illness, reduced quality of life and increased healthcare utilisation are common in older adults. Evidence suggests music and dance can support healthy ageing in older adults. This study explored the feasibility, potential for effect and cost effectiveness of the Music and Movement for Health (MMH) programme among community-dwelling older adults using a pragmatic cluster-randomised, controlled feasibility trial design. MethodsCommunity-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older were recruited to seven clusters in the Mid-West region of Ireland. Clusters were block randomised to either the MMH intervention or control. Primary feasibility outcomes included recruitment, retention, adherence, fidelity, and safety. Secondary outcomes measured physical activity, physical and cognitive performance, and psychosocial well-being, along with healthcare utilisation were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. ResultsThe study successfully met feasibility targets, with recruitment (n = 100), retention (91 %), adherence (71 %), data completeness (92 %) and intervention fidelity (21 out of 24) all meeting predetermined criteria. Both groups exhibited an increase in self-reported physical activity and improved physical function. Participants in the intervention group scored consistently better in psychosocial measures compared to the control group at follow-up. The health economic analysis confirmed the feasibility of the methodology employed and points to the potential cost-effectiveness of the MMH relative to the control or no organised programme. Discussion and ImplicationsThe MMH intervention and study design were found to be feasible and acceptable with important findings to inform future evaluation of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a definitive randomised controlled trial.

Addition of high-intensity interval training to a moderate intensity continuous training cardiovascular rehabilitation program after ischemic cerebrovascular disease: A randomized controlled trial.

Moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) is usually recommended for stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) patients. High intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a potentially effective method for increasing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among clinical populations. Its effectiveness remains to be demonstrated after stroke. A combined program of HIIT and MICT was designed to create a realistic exercise program implemented for a clinical setting to help patients become more active. This study aimed to compare the effects of a 6-month exercise program with either MICT only or a combination of HIIT and MICT and a control group in terms of CRF, cardiovascular risk factors, functionality, cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and depression markers (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). This randomized controlled trial started with 52 participants (33 men and 19 women, mean age: 69.2 ± 10.7) divided into three groups: HIIT + MICT combined, MICT, and control. Both exercise groups consisted of 4 weekly sessions including supervised and at-home exercise. Outcomes were assessed at T0 (baseline measure), T6 (end of exercise protocols), and T12 (follow-up), 40 participants having completed the 12-month follow-up. At T6, both HIIT+MICT and MICT programs provided a similar increase of CRF (3 ml·min-1·kg-1) from baseline (p < 0.01), while the control group showed a global slight decrease. Despite some decrease of CRF at T12 compared to T6, improvement persisted 6 months post-intervention (HIIT + MICT: p < 0.01 and MICT: p < 0.05). The control group decreased compared with baseline (p < 0.05). The two exercise programs induced a comparable increase in self-reported physical activity and a decrease in anxiety and depression markers. Participants in HIIT + MICT and MICT programs declared a good degree of acceptability assessed by the Acceptability and Preferences Questionnaire. A 6-month HIIT + MICT combined program and a standard MICT program induced similar improvements in CRF, self-reported physical activity and anxiety and depression markers among patients with prior ischemic stroke or TIA compared with a control group. These effects appear to persist over time. Addition of HIIT was safe and considered acceptable by participants. Our results do not support any superiority of the combination HIIT + MICT nor disadvantage vs. MICT in this population.

INCLUSION OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING IN CARDIOVASCULAR REHABILITATION AFTER STROKE: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL

<h3>BACKGROUND</h3> Standard exercise prescriptions recommend moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) for stroke patients. High intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a potentially effective method for increasing cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) among clinical populations, but its effectiveness remains to be demonstrated after stroke. This study aimed to compare the effect of a 6-month exercise program with either MICT or a combination of HIIT and MICT and a control group in terms of CRF, cardiovascular risk factors, functionality, cognitive function, anxiety and depression markers with a 12-month follow-up in patients with prior ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). <h3>METHODS AND RESULTS</h3> This randomized controlled trial included 52 participants (mean age: 69.2 ± 10.7) divided into 3 groups: HIIT, MICT and control. Forty participants completed the 12-month follow-up. CRF and secondary outcomes were assessed at baseline after the 6-month intervention and at a 12-month follow-up. A significant interaction effect (p < 0.001) indicate that HIIT and MICT programs provide a similar increase of CRF as compared to the control group. Despite a slight decrease at the 12-month follow-up, this improvement persists 6 months post-exercise (p < 0.01). The two exercise programs also induced a comparable increase in self-reported physical activity and cognitive function as well as a decrease in anxiety and depression markers. Participants in both the HIIT and MICT programs declared a very good degree of acceptability. <h3>CONCLUSION</h3> This randomized control trial demonstrated that a 6-month combination of HIIT and MICT program or a standard MICT exercise program induced a similar improvement in CRF, self-reported physical activity, cognitive functions and anxiety and depression markers among patients prior ischemic stroke or TIA compared to with a control group, suggesting that a combination of HIIT and MICT may be an effective alternative to standard exercise recommendations.

Can a \u2018rewards-for-exercise app\u2019 increase physical activity, subjective well-being and sleep quality? An open-label single-arm trial among university staff with low to moderate physical activity levels

BackgroundThis study examined the impact of a ‘rewards-for-exercise’ mobile application on physical activity, subjective well-being and sleep quality among 148 employees in a UK university with low to moderate physical activity levels.MethodsA three-month open-label single-arm trial with a one-year follow-up after the end of the trial. Participants used the Sweatcoin application which converted their outdoor steps into a virtual currency used for the purchase of products available at the university campus’ outlets, using an in-app marketplace. The primary outcome measure was self-reported physical activity. Secondary measures included device-measured physical activity, subjective well-being (i.e., life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect), and self-reported sleep quality.ResultsThe findings show an increase in self-reported physical activity (d = 0.34), life satisfaction (d = 0.31), positive affect (d = 0.29), and sleep quality (d = 0.22) during the three-month trial period.ConclusionThe study suggests that mobile incentives-for-exercise applications might increase physical activity levels, positive affect, and sleep quality, at least in the short term. The observed changes were not sustained 12 months after the end of the trial.

Usability and Preliminary Effectiveness of a Preoperative mHealth App for People Undergoing Major Surgery: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundMajor surgery is associated with negative postoperative outcomes such as complications and delayed or poor recovery. Multimodal prehabilitation can help to reduce the negative effects of major surgery. Offering prehabilitation by means of mobile health (mHealth) could be an effective new approach.ObjectiveThe objectives of this pilot study were to (1) evaluate the usability of the Be Prepared mHealth app prototype for people undergoing major surgery, (2) explore whether the app was capable of bringing about a change in risk behaviors, and (3) estimate a preliminary effect of the app on functional recovery after major surgery.MethodsA mixed-methods pilot randomized controlled trial was conducted in two Dutch academic hospitals. In total, 86 people undergoing major surgery participated. Participants in the intervention group received access to the Be Prepared app, a smartphone app using behavior change techniques to address risk behavior prior to surgery. Both groups received care as usual. Usability (System Usability Scale), change in risk behaviors 3 days prior to surgery, and functional recovery 30 days after discharge from hospital (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System physical functioning 8-item short form) were assessed using online questionnaires. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariable linear regression. Semistructured interviews about the usability of the app were conducted with 12 participants in the intervention group. Thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.ResultsSeventy-nine people—40 in the intervention group and 39 in the control group—were available for further analysis. Participants had a median age of 61 (interquartile range 51.0-68.0) years. The System Usability Scale showed that patients considered the Be Prepared app to have acceptable usability (mean 68.2 [SD 18.4]). Interviews supported the usability of the app. The major point of improvement identified was further personalization of the app. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed an increase in self-reported physical activity and muscle strengthening activities prior to surgery. Also, 2 of 2 frequent alcohol users in the intervention group versus 1 of 9 in the control group drank less alcohol in the run-up to surgery. No difference was found in change of smoking cessation. Between-group analysis showed no meaningful differences in functional recovery after correction for baseline values (β=–2.4 [95% CI –5.9 to 1.1]).ConclusionsThe Be Prepared app prototype shows potential in terms of usability and changing risk behavior prior to major surgery. No preliminary effect of the app on functional recovery was found. Points of improvement have been identified with which the app and future research can be optimized.Trial RegistrationNetherlands Trial Registry NL8623; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8623

Physical Activity Associates with Muscle Insulin Sensitivity Postbariatric Surgery.

ABSTRACTPurposeBariatric surgery is considered as an effective therapeutic strategy for weight loss in severe obesity. Remission of type 2 diabetes is often achieved after the surgery. We investigated whether increase in self-reported habitual physical activity associates with improved skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and reduction of fat depots after bariatric surgery.MethodsWe assessed self-reported habitual physical activity using Baecke questionnaire in 18 diabetic and 28 nondiabetic patients with morbid obesity (median age, 46 yr; body mass index, 42.0 kg·m−2) before and 6 months after bariatric surgery operation. Insulin-stimulated femoral muscle glucose uptake was measured using fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography method during hyperinsulinemia. In addition, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat masses were quantified using magnetic resonance imaging and liver fat content using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Also, serum proinflammatory cytokines were measured.ResultsPatients lost on average 22.9% of weight during the follow-up period of 6 months (P < 0.001). Self-reported habitual physical activity level increased (P = 0.017). Improvement in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity was observed only in those patients who reported increase in their physical activity postoperatively (P = 0.018). The increase in self-reported physical activity associated with the loss of visceral fat mass (P = 0.029). Postoperative self-reported physical activity correlated also positively with postoperative hepatic insulin clearance (P = 0.02) and tended to correlate negatively with liver fat content (P = 0.076). Postoperative self-reported physical activity also correlated negatively with serum TNFα, methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein and interleukin 6 levels.ConclusionsSelf-reported physical activity is associated with reversal of skeletal muscle insulin resistance after bariatric surgery as well as with the loss of visceral fat content and improved postoperative metabolism in bariatric surgery patients.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00793143 (SLEEVEPASS), NCT01373892 (SLEEVEPET2).

The role of the built environment in a randomized controlled trial to increase physical activity among men with prostate cancer: the PROMOTE trial.

The purpose of the study was to examine the association between the built environment and physical activity (PA) in prostate cancer survivors (PCS), as well as whether built environment factors (walkability, count of sports complexes) were effect modifiers of a PA intervention. Our study included 165 PCS residing in Edmonton, Alberta, from the PROMOTE trial. The PROMOTE trial was a randomized controlled trial of a behaviour change intervention to increase PA and quality of life in PCS. In the PROMOTE trial, 423 PCS were randomly assigned to a standard physical activity recommendation, self-administered implementation intention, or telephone-assisted implementation intention group. PA and quality of life outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1, and 3months. To explore the role of the built environment, this study examined walkability and count of sport complexes. Linear regression analyses revealed that the self-administered intervention group had an increase in self-reported PA minutes/week (β=133.4, 95% CI=-18.9 to 285.6); however, none of the built environment variables were found to be significantly associated with PA. The logistic regression showed that the self-administered intervention group had a significantly greater likelihood of meeting the PA guidelines (OR=2.1, 95% CI=0.9 to 4.9), though no built environment variables were associated with PA levels. Our findings suggest that the built environment was not associated with PA and was not an effect modifier in a PA behaviour change intervention for PCS. Further research is needed before clear conclusions can be generated ( ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01410656).

Promoting Diet and Physical Activity in Nurses.

To systematically review the effectiveness of intervention studies promoting diet and physical activity (PA) in nurses. English language manuscripts published between 1970 and 2014 in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and EMBASE, as well as those accessed with the PICO tool, were reviewed. Inclusion criteria comprised (1) nurses/student nurses working in a health care setting and (2) interventions where PA and/or diet behaviors were the primary outcome. Exclusion criteria were (1) non-peer-reviewed articles or conference abstracts and (2) interventions focused on treatment of chronic conditions or lifestyle factors other than PA or diet in nurses. Seventy-one full texts were retrieved and assessed for inclusion by two reviewers. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked for accuracy by a second reviewer. Extracted data were synthesized in a tabular format and narrative summary. Nine (n = 737 nurses) studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality of the studies was low to moderate. Four studies reported an increase in self-reported PA through structured exercise and goal setting. Dietary outcomes were generally positive, but were only measured in three studies with some limitations in the assessment methods. Two studies reported improved body composition without significant changes in diet or PA. Outcomes of interventions to change nurses' PA and diet behavior are promising, but inconsistent. Additional and higher quality interventions that include objective and validated outcome measures and appropriate process evaluation are required.

Effects of a structured exercise program on physical activity and health-related fitness in colon cancer survivors: One year feasibility results from the NCIC CTG CO.21 (CHALLENGE) trial.

648 Background: There is strong interest in testing lifestyle interventions to improve cancer outcomes, however, the optimal methods for achieving behaviour change in large scale pragmatic trials are unknown. We report the 1 year feasibility results for behaviour change in NCIC CTG CO.21 Colon Health and Life-Long Exercise Change (CHALLENGE) Trial. Methods: Between 2009 and 2014, 273 high risk stage II and III colon cancer survivors who had recently completed chemotherapy at 50 centers in Canada and Australia were randomized to a structured exercise program (SEP n = 136) or health education materials (HEM n = 137). The primary feasibility outcome in an a priordefined interim analysis was a difference between groups of ≥ 5 metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours/week in self-reported physical activity (PA) after at least 250 participants had reached 1 year. Secondary feasibility outcomes included cardiorespiratory fitness, body weight and circumferences, and objective physical functioning. Results: The SEP group reported a mean increase from baseline to 1 year PA of 15.6 MET hours/week vs a mean increase of 5.1 in the HEM group (+10.5 hrs/wk [95% CI = +3.1 to +17.9]; p = 0.002). SEP also improved relative to HEM in mean differences for predicted VO2max (+2.2ml/kg/min; p = 0.068), 6 minute walk (+29m; p &lt; 0.001), 30 second chair stand (+1.6reps; p &lt; 0.001), 8 foot up and go (-0.4s; p = 0.004), and the sit and reach (+2.1cm; p = 0.08). Conclusions: The behaviour change intervention in the CO.21 Trial produced an increase in self-reported PA that exceeded the feasibility criterion for trial continuation, resulted in objective fitness improvements, and is consistent with the amount of PA associated with improved colorectal cancer outcomes in observational studies. Recruitment to CO.21 remains ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT00819208.

Pilot Trial of a Social Cognitive Theory-Based Physical Activity Intervention Delivered by Nonsupervised Technology in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis.

Physical inactivity is prevalent in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and this highlights the importance of developing behavioral interventions for increasing physical activity (PA) in MS. This pilot trial examined the efficacy of a 6-week, behavioral intervention based on social cognitive theory (SCT) delivered by newsletters and phone calls for increasing PA in persons with MS who were physically inactive and had middle levels of self-efficacy. The sample included 68 persons with relapsing-remitting MS who were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received SCT-based information by newsletters and phone calls, whereas the controls received information regarding topics such as stress management over 6 weeks. Participants completed self-report of PA and social cognitive variables. The intervention group had a significant increase in self-reported PA (d = 0.56, P = .02) over the 6 weeks, but the controls had a nonsignificant change (d = -0.13, P = .45). Goal setting was changed in the intervention group (d = 0.68, P ≤ .01) and identified as a significant mediator of change in self-reported PA. This study provides initial evidence for the benefit of a theory-based behavioral intervention for increasing PA in MS.

Randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention targeting symptoms and physical activity in multiple sclerosis

Background: Exercise training is beneficial, but most persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) are sedentary and physically inactive. This has prompted a new focus on the promotion of lifestyle physical activity in MS. We previously designed, tested, and refined a behavioral intervention delivered through the Internet that successfully increased lifestyle physical activity in MS, but have not evaluated the effects on secondary symptomatic and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes. Objective: We conducted a 6-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) that examined the efficacy of an Internet-delivered, behavioral intervention for improving outcomes of fatigue, depression, anxiety, pain, sleep quality, and HRQOL in 82 ambulatory persons with MS. The secondary aim was to replicate previous results regarding change in free-living physical activity. Results: There was a significant and positive effect of the intervention on fatigue severity (p=.001, ηρ2=.15) and its physical impact (p=.008, ηρ2=.09), depression (p=.006, ηρ2=.10), and anxiety (p=.006, ηρ2=.10). There were non-significant improvements in pain (p=.08, ηρ2=.04), sleep quality (p=.06, ηρ2=.05), and physical HRQOL (p=.06, ηρ2=.05). We replicated our previous results by demonstrating an increase in self-reported physical activity (p=.001, ηρ2=.13). Conclusions: Our results support behavioral interventions targeting lifestyle physical activity as an alternative approach for managing symptoms in MS.

The Stability of Automatic Evaluations of Physical Activity and Their Relations With Physical Activity

Accumulating research indicates that physical activity is motivated by automatic evaluations of physical activity. Little is known about the stability of automatic evaluations or how their dynamics impact physical activity. We tested the measurement invariance and stability of university students' (N = 164) automatic evaluations of physical activity. In addition, multiple regression and structural equation models with latent interaction variables were used to investigate how changes in automatic evaluations related to change in self-reported physical activity and differences in the level of directly measured physical activity. It was revealed that automatic evaluations had strict measurement invariance and that automatic evaluations have both stable and unstable components. People whose unfavorable automatic evaluations became more favorable over the week showed a larger increase in self-reported physical activity from the previous week than did people whose automatic evaluations remained unfavorable. These results indicated that the dynamics of automatic evaluations and physical activity can be intertwined.

Gender Differences in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and BMI in the Liberec Region: the IPAQ Study in 2002-2009

The occurrence of overweight, obesity and physical activity (PA) belongs to major factors influencing health. However, information on the longitudinal development of PA in Europe has been, up until now, insufficient. The aim of the study was to describe the changes in PA, sedentary behavior and BMI in the inhabitants of the Liberec region during the surveybetween 2002 – 2009. The data were obtained in 2002–2004 using the short version of the IPAQ questionnaire, in 2005–2009 using the long version of the IPAQ. The sample of participants comprised 957 males and 1066 females aged 25–60 years. A significant decrease in sitting accounting for minutes on working days has been recorded both in men and women. A significant increase of PA both in men and women was reported, however the interpretation of the increase needs to be done cautiously due to the application of the short and long version of the IPAQ. Regarding PA intensity, men show more PA in total than women, which can be explained mainly by the differences in vigorous PA. Women show significantly lower values of BMI in all years in which surveys were conducted than men (p<0.001). Based on self-reported data, we have recorded an increase in the number of overweight and obese people. Time spent sitting on working days has had a tendency to decrease, yet a negative trend in the decrease in self-reported total PA has not been confirmed. Despite the fact that there has been an increase in self-reported PA, no decrease in BMI was registered.

Does a physical activity referral scheme improve the physical activity among routine primary health care patients?

Physical activity referral (PAR) schemes or concepts occur in varying forms. Because few physical activity intervention studies have been carried out in routine health care settings, it is difficult to translate research findings into daily practice. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a PAR scheme implemented in routine primary health care. The study did not include a control group and was based on the ordinary staff's work efforts and follow-up measures. During a 2-year period, 6300 PARs were issued. Effectiveness was measured by an increase in self-reported physical activity. Half of the patients reached reported increased physical activity both at 3 months (49%) and at 12 months (52%). The proportion of inactive patients decreased from 33% at baseline to 17% at 3 months and 20% at 12 months. The proportion of patients who were physically active on a regular basis increased from 22% at baseline to 33% at 3 months and 32% at 12 months. Neither the patient's age nor the profession of the prescriber was associated with differences in effectiveness. The patient's activity level at baseline, the type of physical activity as well as the reason for the prescription were associated with increased physical activity.

Effects of a school-based intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in elementary-school children: The Cardiovascular Health in Children (CHIC) Study

OBJECTIVE: To test a classroom-based intervention to reduce cardiovascular disease risk factors in elementary school children. STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized, controlled field trial in 12 schools across North Carolina, stratified by geographic region and urban/rural setting. Subjects were 1274 third and fourth graders (48% boys). The intervention, taught by regular classroom and physical education teachers, provided all children an 8-week exercise program and 8 weeks of classes on nutrition and smoking. Data were analyzed at the school level with survey regression models and at the individual level with multivariate analysis of variance and analysis of covariance models; 95% confidence intervals were computed. RESULTS: Children in the intervention group had significantly greater knowledge (7.9% more correct) and a significant increase in self-reported physical activity than children in the control group. Trends for the intervention group were a reduction in total cholesterol level (–5.27 mg/dl), an increase in aerobic power, a reduction in body fat, and smaller rise in diastolic blood pressure than control children. CONCLUSIONS: This classroom-based, public health approach improved children's cardiovascular disease risk profiles; it is practical and fairly easy to incorporate into the school day. All children directly receive the potential benefits of the intervention without a risk of labeling. This program can improve health knowledge, habits, and health outcomes of young children at a time when health habits are being formed. (J P EDIATR 1996;128:797-805)