Increase In Sedentary Time Research Articles

Preschool-aged children 24-hour movement behaviours before and during COVID-19

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affected health, economies, and lifestyles, but little is known about its impact on children. We aimed to investigate changes in 24-hour (h) movement behaviours of pre-school children before and during COVID-19, and factors that influenced these. Children aged 3–6 years were recruited in Beijing in 2019, and their movement behaviours over 24 ​h assessed by questionnaire, as part of the International Study of Movement Behaviors in the Early Years (SUNRISE) study. We conducted the survey again during COVID-19, and compared the children’s movement behaviours before and during COVID-19 and associated factors. Overall, 196 parents completed the survey at both time points. The percentage of children meeting movement guidelines decreased during the pandemic (p ​< ​0.01). Total physical activity decreased less among children getting good quality sleep or with more adults in the household (p ​< ​0.01). Children who were not cared for primarily by their mother had a greater decrease in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity (p ​= ​0.02), but the decrease was smaller among children whose parents used the internet to support their physical activity and/or screen time (p ​< ​0.05). Children who used electronic screen devices in the 2 ​h before bedtime or whose parents reported body temperature in webchats had a greater increase in sedentary screen time (p ​< ​0.05). Children spending more time outdoors showed a smaller decrease in sleep (p ​< ​0.01). Overall, children’s movement behaviours changed significantly during the pandemic.

Is public transport a promising strategy for increasing physical activity? Evidence from a study of objectively measured public transport use and physical activity

BackgroundGreater public transport use has been linked to higher physical activity levels. However, neither the amount of physical activity associated with each daily public transport trip performed, nor the potential total physical activity gain associated with an increase in trips/day, has been determined. Using objective measures, we aimed to quantify the association between public transport use, physical activity and sedentary time.MethodsA longitudinal study of Australian adults living in Hobart, Tasmania, who were infrequent bus users (≥ 18 years; used bus ≤ 2 times/week). The number of bus trips performed each day was determined from objective smartcard data provided by the public transportation (bus) provider across a 36-week study timeframe. Accelerometer measured steps/day (primary outcome), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (min/day), and sedentary time (min/day) were assessed across four separate one-week periods.ResultsAmong 73 participants across 1483 day-level observations, on days that public transport was used, participants achieved significantly more steps (β = 2147.48; 95%CI = 1465.94, 2829.03), moderate to vigorous physical activity (β = 22.79; 95% CI = 14.33, 31.26), and sedentary time (β = 37.00; 95% CI = 19.80, 54.21) compared to days where no public transport trips were made. The largest increase in steps per day associated with a one-trip increase was observed when the number of trips performed each day increased from zero to one (β = 1761.63; 95%CI = 821.38, 2701.87). The increase in the number of steps per day was smaller and non-significant when the number of trips performed increased from one to two (β = 596.93; 95%CI=-585.16, 1779.01), and two to three or more (β = 632.39; 95%CI=-1331.45, 2596.24) trips per day. Significant increases in sedentary time were observed when the number of trips performed increased from zero to one (β = 39.38; 95%CI = 14.38, 64.39) and one to two (β = 48.76; 95%CI = 25.39, 72.12); but not when bus trips increased from two to three or more (β=-27.81; 95%CI=-76.00, 20.37).ConclusionsGreater public transport use was associated with higher physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Bus use may yield cumulative increases in steps that amount to 15–30% of the daily recommended physical activity target. A policy and public health focus on intersectoral action to promote public transport may yield meaningful increases in physical activity and subsequent health benefits.

Losing sleep influences dietary intake in children: a longitudinal compositional analysis of a randomised crossover trial

BackgroundAlthough inadequate sleep increases the risk of obesity in children, the mechanisms remain unclear. The aims of this study were to assess how sleep loss influenced dietary intake in children while accounting for corresponding changes in sedentary time and physical activity; and to investigate how changes in time use related to dietary intake.MethodsA randomized crossover trial in 105 healthy children (8–12 years) with normal sleep (~ 8–11 h/night) compared sleep extension (asked to turn lights off one hour earlier than usual for one week) and sleep restriction (turn lights off one hour later) conditions, separated by a washout week. 24-h time-use behaviors (sleep, wake after sleep onset, physical activity, sedentary time) were assessed using waist-worn actigraphy and dietary intake using two multiple-pass diet recalls during each intervention week. Longitudinal compositional analysis was undertaken with mixed effects regression models using isometric log ratios of time use variables as exposures and dietary variables as outcomes, and participant as a random effect.ResultsEighty three children (10.2 years, 53% female, 62% healthy weight) had 47.9 (SD 30.1) minutes less sleep during the restriction week but were also awake for 8.5 (21.4) minutes less at night. They spent this extra time awake in the day being more sedentary (+ 31 min) and more active (+ 21 min light physical activity, + 4 min MVPA). After adjusting for all changes in 24-h time use, losing 48 min of sleep was associated with consuming significantly more energy (262 kJ, 95% CI:55,470), all of which was from non-core foods (314 kJ; 43, 638). Increases in sedentary time were related to increased energy intake from non-core foods (177 kJ; 25, 329) whereas increases in MVPA were associated with higher intake from core foods (72 kJ; 7,136). Changes in diet were greater in female participants.ConclusionLoss of sleep was associated with increased energy intake, especially of non-core foods, independent of changes in sedentary time and physical activity. Interventions focusing on improving sleep may be beneficial for improving dietary intake and weight status in children.Trial RegistrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ANZCTR ACTRN12618001671257, Registered 10th Oct 2018, https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=367587&isReview=true

Longitudinal changes in device-measured physical activity from childhood to young adulthood: the PANCS follow-up study

BackgroundThere is a lack of longitudinal studies examining changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood to young adulthood. We aimed to assess changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood, through adolescence, into young adulthood in a Norwegian sample of ostensibly healthy men and women.MethodsA longitudinal cohort of 731 Norwegian boys and girls (49% girls) participated at age 9 years (2005–2006) and 15 years (2011–2012), and 258 of these participated again at age 24 years (2019–2021; including the COVID-19 pandemic period). Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using ActiGraph accelerometers. Linear mixed models were used to analyse changes in physical activity and sedentary time and whether low levels of childhood physical activity track, i.e., persist into young adulthood (nchange=721; ntracking=640).ResultsThe most prominent change occurred between the ages of 9 to 15 years, with an increase in sedentary time (150 min/day) and less time spent in light (125 min/day), moderate (16 min/day), and vigorous physical activity (8 min/day). Only smaller changes were observed between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from childhood to young adulthood differed between subgroups of sex, tertiles of body mass index at baseline and tertiles of peak oxygen uptake at baseline. While the tracking models indicated low absolute stability of physical activity from childhood to young adulthood, children in the lowest quartiles of moderate-to-vigorous (OR:1.88; 95%CI: 1.23, 2.86) and total physical activity (OR: 1.87; 95%CI: 1.21, 2.87) at age 9 years were almost 90% more likely to be in these quartiles at age 24 years compared to those belonging to the upper three quartiles at baseline.ConclusionsWe found a substantial reduction in physical activity and increase in time spent sedentary between age 9 and 15 years. Contrary to previous studies, using mainly self-reported physical activity, little change was observed between adolescence and young adulthood. The least active children were more likely to remain the least active adults and could be targeted for early intervention.

Evaluation of physical fitness and health of young children aged between 3 and 6 based on cluster and factor analyses

BackgroundAs life improves and sedentary time increases, young children's physical fitness gradually declines.MethodsMulti-stage stratified whole cluster sampling was utilized to sample 5584 preschoolers. Young infants' morphology, function, and quality were revealed using cluster and factor analysis.ResultsThe cluster analysis separated 3–6-year-olds into two genders: 1,551 men in group A "high physical fitness" 1,499 men in group B "low physical fitness"; 1,213 women in group A and 1,321 women in group B. Young children's fitness was measured by standing long jump(1.00), weight(1.00), and height(1.00). A cluster analysis of 3–4-year-olds classified them into three groups: 272 “muscular strength,” 75 “average physical fitness,” and 250 “low agility.” Young children's health depends on weight (1.00), height (0.57), and chest circumference (0.54). A cluster analysis of the 4–5-year-olds classified them into two groups: 1070 “balance” and 806 “muscular strength.” Young children’s health depends on weight (1.00), height (0.74), and chest circumference (0.71). A cluster analysis of the 5–6-year-olds divided them into three groups: 1762 “high physical fitness,” 384 “obese,” and 105 “low physical fitness.” Young children’s physical health depends on BMI (1.00), weight (1.00), and chest circumference (1.00). Factor analysis demonstrated that muscle strength, body shape, cardiovascular variables, and physical fitness composite components affected young children's health.ConclusionWomen should focus on motor function and strength, while men on flexibility. Male group B “low physical fitness” should focus on strength, motor function, and balance, whereas male group A “high physical fitness” should focus on flexibility. Then, female group A “high physical fitness” should emphasize variety.2) For 3–4-year-olds, group A “muscular strength” should focus on flexibility, and group C “low agility” on motor function. 3) For 4–5-year-olds, group A “balanced” should focus on strength and motor function; 4) For 5–6-year-olds, group B “obese” should emphasize weight loss, and group C “low fitness” should emphasize strength, motor function, and flexibility; 5) Young children’s physical fitness depends on muscle strength, body shape, cardiovascular factors, and physical fitness composite.

Cumulative accelerometer-based sedentary time from childhood through young adulthood with progressive left ventricular remodelling in British youth: a 13-year longitudinal study

Abstract Background Questionnaire-based sedentary time and behaviour has been associated with worse cardiometabolic profiles such as adiposity, insulin resistance, and blood pressure, in the pediatric population. However, objectively measured sedentary time has not been consistently associated with poor cardiometabolic health. Till date, there is no evidence of the cumulative effect of time spent sedentary assessed with an accelerometer and cardiac structural changes in youth. Purpose To investigate the longitudinal association of cumulative sedentary time from childhood through young adulthood with structural cardiac changes during growth from adolescence through young adulthood. Methods From the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), UK birth cohort, 766 children aged 11 years who had at least two follow-up time-points accelerometer-measured sedentary time over 13 years follow-up, and complete cardiac structural measures at age 17 years clinic visit were included. Sedentary time was assessed with ActiGraph accelerometer worn for 4-7 days at the 11-, 15-, and 24-year clinic visits. Repeated echocardiography measured left ventricular mass indexed for height2.7 (LVMI2.7) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were available at baseline and follow-up. Multivariable adjusted associations were examined using generalized linear mixed-effect models and adjusted for sex, and time-varying covariates measured at both baseline and follow-up such as age, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, glucose, fat mass, lean mass, smoking status, family history of hypertension/diabetes/high cholesterol/vascular disease, socioeconomic status, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, light physical activity, and moderate to vigorous physical activity, Results Among 766 children (mean [SD] age, 11.75 [0.24] years; 422 [55.0%] females]) males spent on average 360, 467, and 527 minutes/day sedentary at ages 11, 15, and 24 years, respectively. Females spent 364, 481, and 535 minutes/day sedentary at ages 11, 15, and 24 years respectively. LVMI2.7 was significantly higher among males than females with an average difference of ∼4g/m2.7 both at ages 17 and 24 years but no significant sex differences in RWT. In a fully adjusted model, a 1-minute increase in sedentary time from ages 11 – 24 years was associated with progressively increased changes in LVMI2.7 (effect estimate 0.004g/m2.7 [CI 0.001 – 0.006] p=0.002) from ages 17 – 24 years in the total cohort and females (effect estimate 0.009g/m2.7 [CI 0.005 – 0.012] p&amp;lt;0.0001). There was no statistically significant longitudinal association between cumulative sedentary time and changes in RWT in the total cohort, males, and females. Conclusion Cumulative increase in sedentary time during growth from childhood through young adulthood was associated with progressive left ventricular structural remodelling.

Cumulative accelerometer-based sedentary time from childhood through young adulthood with increased arterial stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness in youth: a 13-year longitudinal study

Abstract Background Arterial stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) progression have been associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Arterial stiffness is a strong risk factor for elevated blood pressure and hypertension, and insulin resistance in adolescents and young adults. It remains unclear whether cumulative sedentary time independently worsens arterial health in the paediatric population. Purpose To investigate the longitudinal association of cumulative sedentary time from childhood through young adulthood with arterial stiffness and cIMT changes during post-pubertal growth. Methods From the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), UK birth cohort, 1399 children aged 11 years who had at least two follow-up time-points accelerometer-measured sedentary time over 13 years follow-up, and complete cardiac structural measures at age 17 years clinic visit were included. Sedentary time was assessed with ActiGraph accelerometer worn for 4-7 days at the 11-, 15-, and 24-year clinic visits and sex-categorized in tertiles as low (reference), moderate, and high. Carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, and cIMT were assessed with Vicorder and ultrasound, respectively at ages 17 and 24 years. Multivariable adjusted associations were examined using generalized linear mixed-effect models and adjusted for sex, and time-varying covariates measured at both baseline and follow-up such as age, insulin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, glucose, fat mass, lean mass, smoking status, family history of hypertension/diabetes/high cholesterol/vascular disease, socioeconomic status, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, light physical activity, and moderate to vigorous physical activity, Results Among 1339 participants (mean [SD] age, 11.75 [0.24] years; [54.6% females]) males spent on average 358, 461, and 536 minutes/day sedentary at ages 11, 15, and 24 years, respectively. Females spent 369, 484, and 525 minutes/day sedentary at ages 11, 15, and 24 years respectively. cfPWV was significantly higher among males than females at ages 17 and 24 years. cIMT was higher in males than females at 17 years but not at age 24 years. In a fully adjusted model, the highest tertile of sedentary time from ages 11 – 24 years was cumulatively associated with progressively increased changes in cfPWV (effect estimate 0.009m/s [CI 0.006 – 0.012] p&amp;lt;0.001) from ages 17 – 24 years in the total cohort and females (0.047m/s [CI 0.005 – 0.090] p=0.030), but not in males. There was no statistically significant association between cumulative sedentary time and changes in cIMT in the total cohort, males, and females. Conclusion Cumulative increase in sedentary time during growth from childhood through young adulthood was independently associated with progressively worsening arterial stiffness in youth.

Predictors of Sustained Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Pandemic in People With Parkinson Disease in Sweden.

During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, people with Parkinson disease (PwPD) reported deterioration in health and physical activity. The aim of this study was to describe 1-year changes in physical activity and perceived health in PwPD during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify predictors of sustained physical activity. This study compared perceived health and sensor-derived physical activity (Actigraph GT3x) in PwPD between the first (June to July 2020) and third waves (June to July 2021) of the pandemic. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to predict sustained physical activity across the study period using personal factors, disease severity, and functioning as independent variables. Sixty-three PwPD (mean age 71.0 years, 41% females) completed both baseline and 1-year follow-up (26 lost to follow-up). PwPD showed a decrease in average number of steps per day (Δ415 steps, P = 0.048), moderate-to-vigorous-physical activity (Δ7 minutes, P = 0.007) and increase in sedentary time (Δ36 minutes, P <.001) between baseline and 1-year follow-up. While self-perceived walking impairments and depressive symptoms increased significantly, balance confidence decreased between baseline and 1-year follow-up, no significant changes occurred for self-rated health, quality of life, or anxiety. Significant predictors of sustained physical activity levels were 15 years or more of education (odds ratio [OR] = 7.38, P = 0.013) and higher perceived walking ability (OR = 0.18, P = 0.041). Among PwPD with mild to moderate disease severity living in Sweden, factors associated with reduced physical activity levels during the COVID-19 pandemic included older age, lower education levels, and greater perceived walking difficulties.

Associations between change in physical activity and sedentary time and health-related quality of life in older english adults: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study

BackgroundNo previous studies have examined the associations between changes in objectively-measured physical behaviours with follow-up QoL in older adults. Based on cross-sectional evidence, it is biologically plausible that such associations exist. If so, this bolsters the case for the commissioning of activity interventions and for including QoL as an outcome in trials of such interventions.MethodsWe assessed physical behaviours (total physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity, total sedentary time and prolonged sedentary bout time) for 7 days using hip-worn accelerometers at baseline (2006–2011) and follow-up (2012–2016) and health-related quality-of-life (QoL) using EQ-5D questionnaires at follow-up in 1433 participants (≥ 60 years) of the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer)-Norfolk study. The EQ-5D summary score was used, with 0 as the worst to 1 as best perceived quality-of-life. We evaluated the prospective associations of baseline physical behaviours with follow-up QoL, and of changes in behaviours with follow-up QoL using multi-level regression.ResultsOn average, MVPA decreased by 4.0 min/day/year (SD 8.3) for men and 4.0 min/day/year for women (SD 12.0) between baseline and follow-up. Total sedentary time increased by an average 5.5 min/day/yr (SD 16.0) for men and 6.4 min/day/yr (SD 15.0) for women between baseline and follow-up. Mean (SD) follow-up time was 5.8 (1.8) years.We found that higher baseline MVPA and lower sedentary time was associated with higher subsequent QoL (e.g. 1 h/day greater baseline MVPA was associated with 0.02 higher EQ-5D score, 95% CI 0.06, 0.36). More pronounced declines in activity were associated with worse Hr-QoL (0.005 (95% CI 0.003, 0.008) lower EQ-5D per min/day/yr decrease in MVPA). Increases in sedentary behaviours were also associated with poorer QoL (0.002 lower EQ-5D, 95% CI -0.003, -0.0007 per hour/day/yr increase in total sedentary time).ConclusionsPromotion of physical activity and limiting sedentary time among older adults may improve quality-of-life, and therefore this relationship ought to be included in future cost effectiveness analyses so that greater commissioning of activity interventions can be considered.

Is the transition from primary to secondary school a risk factor for energy balance-related behaviours? A systematic review.

The substantial changes in the physical and social environment during the transition from primary to secondary school may significantly impact adolescents' energy balance-related behaviours (i.e. dietary behaviour, sedentary behaviour, sleep behaviour, and physical activity). This is the first review systematically summarising evidence on changes in four energy balance-related behaviours of adolescents across the school transition from primary to secondary school. For this systematic review the electronic databases Embase, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus were searched for relevant studies from inception to August 2021. PubMed was searched for relevant studies from inception to September 2022. Inclusion criteria were: i) longitudinal studies reporting ii) one or more energy balance-related behaviours iii) across the school transition i.e. with measurement(s) during both primary and secondary school. Transition from primary to secondary school. Adolescents across the transition from primary to secondary school. Thirty-four studies were eligible. We found strong evidence for an increase in sedentary time, moderate evidence for a decrease in fruit and vegetable consumption, and inconclusive evidence for a change in total, light, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, active transport, screen time, unhealthy snack consumption, and sugar sweetened beverages consumption among adolescents across the school transition. During the transition from primary to secondary school, sedentary time and fruit and vegetable consumption tend to change unfavourably. More high-quality, longitudinal research is needed specifically on changes in energy balance-related behaviour across the school transition, especially regarding sleep behaviour. (Prospero registration: CRD42018084799).

Adolescent sedentary behavior and body composition in early adulthood: results from a cohort study.

This study investigates the cross-sectional and prospective associations between accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior and body composition from adolescence to early adulthood. Data from the Santiago Longitudinal Study were analyzed (n = 212). Sedentary time was measured at age 16 years, and body composition (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio [WHtR], fat mass percentage, and lean mass percentage) was examined at both age 16 and 23 years. Adjusted linear regression models estimated associations between sedentary time, sedentary bout duration, and body composition, overall and by sex. In all analyses, mean sedentary bout duration was not associated with body composition. In cross-sectional analyses, more sedentary time during adolescence was significantly associated with lower BMI, waist circumference, WHtR, fat mass percentage, and higher lean mass percentage (p < 0.05). One standard deviation increase in daily sedentary time was prospectively associated with lower body mass index (β = -1.22 kg/m2, 95% CI: -2.02, -0.42), waist circumference (β = -2.39 cm, 95% CI: -4.03, -0.75), and WHtR (β = -0.014, 95% CI: -0.024, -0.004). Sedentary time at 16 years was not associated with changes in body composition from 16 to 23 years. Sedentary behavior in adolescence is not adversely associated with body composition profiles in early adulthood. Little is known about the effect of device-measured sedentary behavior on body composition during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood. Among participants in the Santiago Longitudinal Study, more accelerometer-measured sedentary time during adolescence was associated with lower BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio in early adulthood though point estimates were generally small in magnitude. Sedentary behavior in adolescence was not detrimentally associated with healthy body composition profiles in early adulthood. Public health interventions aimed at reducing obesity rates could consider other behaviors, such as physical activity and healthy diet, instead of sitting time.

Does work-related and commuting physical activity predict changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior during the transition to retirement? GPS and accelerometer study.

We examined how GPS and accelerometer measured work-related and commuting physical activity contribute to changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior during the retirement transition in the Finnish Retirement and Aging study (n=118). Lower work-related activity was associated with a decrease in sedentary time and an increase in light physical activity during retirement. Conversely, higher work-related activity was associated with an increase in sedentary time and a decrease in light physical activity, except among those active workers who also were active commuters. Thus, both work-related and commuting physical activity predict changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior when retiring.

Using wrist-worn accelerometers to identify the impact of medicines with anticholinergic or sedative properties on sedentary time: A 12-month prospective analysis

IntroductionStudies have shown that use of medicines with sedative or anticholinergic properties is associated with a decline in physical function; however, the effects have not been quantified, and it is not known how and which specific physical movements are affected. This prospective study quantified the impact of a change in sedative or anticholinergic load over time on 24-hour activity composition. MethodsThis study used data collected from a randomised trial assessing an ongoing pharmacist service in residential aged care. The 24-hour activity composition of sleep, sedentary behaviour, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate to vigorous physical activity was derived from 24-hour accelerometry bands. Mixed effect linear models were used to regress the multivariate outcome of 24-hour activity composition on medication load at baseline and at 12 months. A fixed effect interaction between trial stage and medication load was included to test for differing sedative or anticholinergic load effects at the two trial stages. ResultsData for 183 and 85 participants were available at baseline and 12 months respectively. There was a statistically significant interaction between medication load and time point on the multivariate outcome of 24-hour activity composition (sedative F = 7.2, p < 0.001 and anticholinergic F = 3.2, p = 0.02). A sedative load increase from 2 to 4 over the 12-month period was associated with an average increase in daily sedentary behaviour by an estimated 24 min. ConclusionAs sedative or anticholinergic load increased, there was an increase in sedentary time. Our findings suggest wearable accelerometry bands are a possible tool for monitoring the effects on physical function of sedative and anticholinergic medicines. Trial registrationThe ReMInDAR trial was registered on the Australian and New Zealand Trials Registry ACTRN12618000766213.

Correlates of sedentary behaviors in Austrian children and adolescents

&lt;abstract&gt; &lt;p&gt;A large proportion of children and adolescents spend their leisure time with predominantly sedentary pursuits and do not reach the WHO physical activity recommendations. As there remains limited research on specific sedentary behaviors in Austrian children and adolescents, we investigated time spent sitting and the utilization of various media during school days and the weekend in 6- to 15-year-old schoolchildren. Data for this cross-sectional study were collected in Spring 2022 with a standardized questionnaire that was based on the “Heidelberger Questionnaire for the Assessment of Sitting Behavior in Children and Adolescents”. Questions examined the frequency and duration of different sedentary behaviors separately for weekdays and weekends. A total of 2061 students were included in the analyses. Various factors, including school grade, sex, or recreational behavior, were implemented in a multifactorial ANOVA accounting for 1st order interactions. The mean sitting time of children and adolescents of all eight school grades was 10.4 ± 1.7 hours, with 56.7% associated with school. A significant increase in sitting time was observed from 1st grade (10.0 ± 1.3 h) to 8th grade (12.3 ± 1.2 h; p &amp;lt; 0.01), while sleep duration decreased with increasing age (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Media use was 1.2 ± 0.7 h in 1st grade and increased to 3.2 ± 1.2 h by 8th grade (p &amp;lt; 0.01). Physical activity decreased from 4.5 ± 1.4 h to 3.6 ± 1.0 h during the same period. While the increase in sitting time on weekdays was at the expense of sleep duration, the increase in sitting time on weekend days was at the expense of time spent in physical activity. In summary, there was a substantial increase in sedentary time from 1st to 8th grade, with school-related sedentary time accounting for the largest proportion, followed by a large increase in time spent with electronic media with increasing age. In addition, high sedentary time may come at the expense of sufficient sleep time, which further emphasizes the need to address sedentary behavior and sleep as important health correlates.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/abstract&gt;

Description of sedentary lifestyle in patients with cardiovascular disease during the Covid-19 pandemic

A sedentary lifestyle is any type of activity that only expends a small amount of energy with an energy expenditure of not more than 1.5 METs when sitting or lying down. this has a very bad impact on health. These activities have a very bad impact on health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, people face many big challenges, one of which is social distancing in a sedentary lifestyle. The objective of this study is to describe changes in sedentary lifestyles among cardiovascular disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research design used was a literature review using 3 databases (Pubmed, Proquest, and Science Direct). The process of searching for articles using keywords and Boolean operators (AND, OR, or NOT) aims to define and expand the literature. The review found that the sedentary lifestyle increased up to 8 hours/day. In addition to what has been mentioned 4 other articles also mention an increase in sedentary lifestyle time and an increase in sitting time, this is in accordance with research conducted on the average daily duration of sedentary behaviour is 8.3 hours between Koreans and 7, 7 hours among American adults due to government regulations during the pandemic. All articles show that people who tend to be older and male have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular cases that lead to death during the COVID-19 pandemic. So it is necessary to expand the scope of information about the importance of physical activity so that all people with cardiovascular disease have high vigilance.

Physical activity change across retirement by device measured work-related and commuting activity

Abstract Background Work-related and commuting physical activity before retirement may contribute to changes in physical activity and sedentary time after retirement, and the aim of this study was to examine these associations. Methods Study population consisted of participants of the Finnish Retirement and Aging study (n = 119). Activity behaviour was measured with GPS and accelerometer devices. The participants provided 637 measurement days before and 557 days after retirement. Work-related physical activity was defined as physical activity accumulated at workplace. Commuting activity was dichotomised based on the speed of trips between home and workplace to active (&amp;lt;20 km/h) and passive (≥20 km/h) commute. Participants were divided into four groups: non-active workers and commuters, non-active workers but active commuters, active workers but non-active commuters, and active workers and commuters. Linear regression analysis with generalized estimating equations were used for statistical analysis. Results The change in physical activity during retirement transition markedly varied by the activity group. Lower work-related activity was associated with an increase in light physical activity and a decrease in sedentary time. Conversely, higher work-related activity was associated with a decrease in light physical activity and an increase in sedentary time, except among those active workers who were active commuters. Particularly the active workers but non-active commuters increased their sedentary time (48 min, 95% Cl 20 to 76) and decreased their light physical activity (54 min, 95% Cl -80 to -29). No statistically significant changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were observed. Conclusions Our results suggest that work-related physical activity is associated with changes in physical activity behavior when retiring. Special attention should be targeted to active workers who are non-active commuters to maintain physical activity and decrease sedentary time after retirement. Key messages

The Effectiveness of Interventions to Reduce Sedentary Time in Different Target Groups and Settings in Germany: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Recommendations on Interventions.

Background: Sedentary behavior is an important risk factor for several chronic diseases and is associated with an increased risk of mortality. We assessed the effectiveness of interventions to reduce sedentary time in Germany and provide recommendations on interventions to reduce sedentary time in children and adults. Methods: We comprehensively searched PubMed, Web of Science and the German Clinical Trials Register up to April 2022 for intervention studies targeting sedentary behavior in Germany. We performed a systematic review and qualitative synthesis of the interventions and a meta-analysis in children. Results: We included 15 studies comprising data from 4588 participants. The results of included primary studies in adults and children showed inconsistent evidence regarding change in sedentary time, with a majority of studies reporting non-significant intervention effects. The meta-analysis in children showed an increase in sedentary time for children in the control and intervention groups. Conclusion: We found inconsistent evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions to reduce time spent sedentary and our meta-analysis showed an increase in sedentary time in children. For children, we recommend physical and social environment interventions with an active involvement of families. For adults, we recommend physical environment interventions, such as height-adjustable desks at work.

Effects of Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise on 24 h Movement Behaviors in Inactive Female University Students.

The purpose of this study was to examine if low-volume, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) was associated with changes in 24-h movement behaviors. A quasi-experimental study design was used. We collected accelerometry data from 21 eligible participants who consistently wore an ActiGraph for a period of two-weeks. Differences in behaviors were analyzed using a paired t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance. Regression analysis was used to explore relationships with factors that impacted changes. The results indicated a compensatory increase in sedentary time (ST) (4.4 ± 6.0%, p < 0.01) and a decrease in light-intensity physical activity (LPA) (−7.3 ± 16.7%, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, moderate-intensity physical activity (MPA), vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA), and total physical activity (TPA) increased following exercise (p < 0.001). Sleep duration and prolonged sedentary time were reduced (p < 0.05). Exercise intensity and aerobic capacity were associated with changes in ST. The results from the study indicate that participating in a low-volume HIIE encouraged participants who were previously inactive to become more active. The observations of increases in ST may have displaced a prolonged sitting time. The decrease in sleeping time observed may be reflecting an increased sleep quality in connection with increased higher-intensity PA.

Association between screen time exposure, anxiety, and sleep quality in adolescents

Introduction. The increase in sedentary screen time can negatively affect the quality of sleep, impacting the performance of daily activities. Objective. To analyze the association between sedentary screen time and sleep quality, regardless of the symptoms of anxiety in adolescents of both genders. Method. Cross-sectional study integrating school-based epidemiological research with a representative sample (n = 666) of high school students (14 to 19 years old) in public schools in the municipality of Caruaru-PE. The translated versions into Portuguese of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) were applied to analyze sleep quality and anxiety, respectively. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association, considering sleep quality as an outcome. Results. There was a positive, statistically significant (p #abr# .001) correlation between sleep quality and symptoms of anxiety (r = .393). A significant association regarding the association between screen time and sleep quality was noted only in those adolescents classified as being possible or probable anxiety cases and only in exposure to the computer (OR = 2.337; 95% CI [1.01, 5.43]) and video games (OR = 8.083; 95% CI [2.0, 32.8]) after adjusting for gender, age, and school shift. Discussion and conclusion. Increased interaction with the screen and higher levels of anxiety can be more harmful to sleep in adolescents. Exposure to screen time, specifically those which have a greater interaction such as video games and computers, can have a negative impact on sleep quality, but only in adolescents with a higher risk of anxiety.

Association of Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary Time and Physical Activity With Risk of Stroke Among US Adults

The amount and intensity of physical activity required to prevent stroke are yet to be fully determined because of previous reliance on self-reporting measures. Furthermore, the association between objectively measured time spent being sedentary as an independent risk factor for stroke is unknown. To investigate the associations of accelerometer-measured sedentary time and physical activity of varying intensity and duration with the risk of incident stroke. This cohort study involved participants who were enrolled in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study from February 5, 2003, to October 30, 2007. Accelerometer data were collected from 7607 Black and White adults 45 years or older in the contiguous US between May 12, 2009, and January 5, 2013. Data on other races and ethnicities were not collected for scientific and clinical reasons. By design, Black adults and residents of the southeastern US stroke belt and stroke buckle were oversampled. Data were analyzed from May 5, 2020, to November 11, 2021. Sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were measured using a hip-mounted accelerometer worn for 7 consecutive days and stratified by tertile for the analyses. Incident stroke. Among 7607 participants, the mean (SD) age was 63.4 (8.5) years; 4145 participants (54.5%) were female, 2407 (31.6%) were Black, and 5200 (68.4%) were White. A total of 2523 participants (33.2%) resided in the stroke belt, and 1638 (21.5%) resided in the stroke buckle. Over a mean (SD) of 7.4 (2.5) years of follow-up, 286 incident stroke cases (244 ischemic [85.3%]) occurred. The fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident stroke in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.53-1.04; P = .08) for LIPA and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.38-0.84; P = .004) for MVPA. Higher sedentary time was associated with a 44% greater risk of incident stroke (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.99-2.07; P = .04). When comparing the highest with the lowest tertile, mean sedentary bout duration was associated with a significantly greater risk of incident stroke (HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.10-2.12; P = .008). After adjustment for sedentary time, the highest tertile of unbouted MVPA (shorter bouts [1-9 minutes]) was associated with a significantly lower risk of incident stroke compared with the lowest tertile (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.94; P = .02); however, bouted MVPA (longer bouts [at least 10 minutes]) was not (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.53-1.15; P = .17). When expressed as continuous variables, sedentary time was positively associated with incident stroke risk (HR per 1-hour/day increase in sedentary time: 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.28; P = .02), and LIPA was negatively associated with incident stroke risk (HR per 1-hour/day increase in LIPA: 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.97; P = .02). In this cohort study, objectively measured LIPA, MVPA, and sedentary time were significantly and independently associated with incident stroke risk. Longer sedentary bout duration was also independently associated with an increased risk of incident stroke. These findings suggest that replacing sedentary time with LIPA, or even very short bouts of MVPA, may lower stroke risk, supporting the concept of moving more and sitting less as a beneficial stroke risk reduction strategy among adults.