Increase In Protein-bound Iodine Research Articles

Goitrogenic Effects Of Mustard Seed (Bassica Junca) Oils

The goitrogenic effects of commercial mustard seed aws studied when the oil was fed to rabbits.A toatl of 9 rabbits divided into 3 groups of 3 rabbits each was used in the study.Those in group A were given 5ml of the mustard oil per kg body weight 3 times daily,those in group B were given 10ml per kg body weight 3 times daily while those in group C were not given the oil at all and served as control.The mustard seed oil was fed in a total of 4 days.The mean values of the protein-bound iodine of groupA rabbit were 0.25ug/dl+/-0.13(an increase of 45%),0.58ug/dl+/-0.24(an increase of 61.10%) and 1.00ug/dl +/-0.33(an increase of 72.24%) from day 1 to day 4 respectively.In group B animals,the protein-bound iodine levels were 0.23ug/dl+/-0.32(an increase of 74.55%),1.78ug/dl+/-0.32(an increase of 85%) and 3.51 ug/dl +/- 0.47(an increase of 95%) from day 1 to day 4 respectively.The levels seen in group A and B showed dose-dependence.In both groups,significant daily increase in protein bound-iodine were observed and ranged from 45-72.24% in group A in 4 days and 74.55- 95% in group B for the same period.Group C animals had fairly constant protein-bound iodine levels within the study period because they did not receive the mustard seed oil at all. Selective phytochemical anlysis revealed the presence of many known goitrogens-flavonoids,phenolic compounds,tannins,alkaloids but not anthraquinones.This could explain the elevation of protein-bound iodine levels in these animals within a few days.

Thyroid function and motor activity in dogs during development

The intensity of motor activity and the serum level of protein-bound iodine (PBI) were investigated in 62 puppies aged from 1 to 12 months. During the first 4 months of life a parallel increase in motor activity and PBI of the puppies was observed. The increase in motor activity of puppies between the ages of 7 and 9 months was not accompanied by any increase in PBI. In hypothyroidism caused by methimazole in puppies aged 1 and 3 months increased motor activity was observed, whereas in animals aged 7 months it was reduced. A higher intensity of motor activity than in the control animals also was observed 1 month after the operation in puppies thyroidectomized at the ages of 1 and 3.5 months. The activity of puppies thyroidectomized at the age of 1 month was sharply reduced 2–4 months after the operation. In dogs thyroidectomized at the ages of 7.5 and 11.5 months, reduced activity was observed as early as 1 month after the operation. The data showing opposite effects of thyroid hormones on the behavior of puppies at different ages point to a complex relationship between motor activity and thyroid function.

Thyrotoxicosis associated with aspergillus thyroiditis in chronic granulomatous disease

<h2>Summary</h2> Acute suppurative thyroiditis due to <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> in a child with chronic granulomatous disease was successfully treated with surgical drainage and amphotericin B. The acute phase of the infection was characterized clinically by hyperthyroidism, chemically by an increase in proteinbound iodine and T₄, and functionally by a decrease of I¹³¹ uptake. Return to an euthyroid state occurred 6 weeks after the onset of thyroiditis. Recovery of the gland's capacity to trap iodine was not noted until after the sixth week. Thirty-nine months after the onset of thyroiditis, thyroid function is normal.

Effects of norethandrolone on the transport and peripheral metabolism of thyroxine in patients lacking thyroxine-binding globulin. Observations on the physiological role of thyroxine-binding prealbumin.

Studies of the effect of norethandrolone on the transport and peripheral metabolism of thyroxine were carried out in four patients lacking thyroxine-binding globulin. Before norethandrolone administration, values for serum protein-bound iodine (PBI) were decreased (1.8 +/-0.5 mug/100 ml) and the proportion of free thyroxine increased (0.036 +/-0.008%). As a result, values for the absolute concentration of free thyroxine iodine were at the lower end of the normal range (0.63 +/-0.12 mmug/100 ml). During the control thyroxine-turnover study, the thyroxine distribution space was strikingly increased (18.2 +/-7.9 liters) and the fractional rate of thyroxine turnover moderately increased (17.1 +/-11.3%/day), as compared to the expected mean values for normal subjects. Therefore, calculated values for the daily rate of thyroxine clearance were increased even more, ranging between 255 and 500% of normal values. However, owing to the low PBI in these patients, the daily disposal of thyroxine iodine was similar to that expected in normals on the basis of age and weight. During the administration of norethandrolone, the thyroxine-binding capacity of the thyroxine-binding prealbumin increased strikingly in all patients, values averaging 162% of those found during the control period. This increase was associated with a highly significant increase in PBI (133% of control values) and a small but significant decrease in the proportion of free thyroxine, resulting in no significant change in the absolute concentration of free thyroxine iodine. In all four patients, administration of norethandrolone was associated with a pronounced decrease in the thyroxine distribution space to values which averaged 69% of those found during the control period. Values for the fractional rate of thyroxine turnover increased slightly. As a result, thyroxine-clearance rate decreased in all patients. Owing to the reciprocal changes in clearance rate and PBI, no significant change in total daily thyroxine disposal was observed. The present studies reveal that when the thyroxine-binding prealbumin is increased in patients lacking thyroxine-binding globulin, several indices of peripheral thyroxine transport and metabolism are altered. However, these changes were small, even in the absence of thyroxine-binding globulin. It is suggested, therefore, that the effect of changes in thyroxine-binding prealbumin would be even smaller in individuals in whom thyroxine-binding globulin is present.

THYROID FUNCTION IN ORAL CONTRACEPTION

ABSTRACT Eighty one euthyroid, fertile women were treated cyclically with a daily dose of 5 mg of 6-methyl-6-dehydro-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (megestrol acetate) + 0.1 mg of 17α-ethynyl-oestradiol-3-methylether (mestranol) for an average of 16 months. During treatment a definite, but not significant, increase in protein-bound iodine (PBI) was found. In 11 normal fertile women, the thyroid function was evaluated before, during, and after cyclical treatment with megestrol acetate + mestranol. The observation period was 4 to 19 months. The thyroidal 4-hour uptake and 24-hour uptake of 131I and the uptake of 131I-triiodothyronine (T3) by erythrocytes and resin (Triosorb*) were determined at short intervals. No significant changes were observed in the two first mentioned tests, but it was characteristic of all patients except one, that the red-cell uptake of T3 was significantly decreased to values below the lower limit of normal, within 1 to 2 months of the commencement of treatment, and that it then remained unchanged during the remainder of the treatment period. One month after treatment was discontinued, all patients except two showed values within normal limits. The uptake of T3 by resin showed similar patterns during the treatment period, but one month after the medication was withdrawn, only 2 out of the 9 patients had values within the normal range. In 5 menopausal women, the thyroid function was evaluated before, during, and after continuous treatment with megestrol acetate by means of the same parameters as in the former group of patients. The observation period was 4 to 6 months. No significant changes were observed in the 4 indices of the thyroid function during and following treatment with megestrol acetate alone. It is therefore concluded that the significant decrease in the red-cell uptake and resin uptake of T3 observed during treatment will megestrol acetate + mestranol is caused exclusively by the oestrogen in this combination.

Increased Total Thyroxine with Normal Free Thyroxine in Antithyroid Antiserum

It had been reported that some rabbit antisera to human thyroid preparations gave positive responses in the assay for long-acting thyroid stimulator and that the concentration of protein-bound iodine was increased in some. In the present study, the increase in proteinbound iodine was related to thyroxine binding to gamma globulin. The concentration of free thyroxine in the sera was normal. (Endocrinology 80: 1097,1967)

Effect of exogenous thyroxine on thyroid accumulation and secretion in euthyroid subjects.

Euthyroid volunteer subjects from an Arkansas population were studied during administration of exogenous Na-Lthyroxine (T4) in doses of 0, 100 and 200 μg daily. Indices measured by chemical and 131I thyroidal and whole body counting methods were the daily thyroidal accumulation of iodide and the daily thyroxine degradation rate; the latter was derived from estimated absorption of the oral dose and total turnover measurements. Accumulation and proteinbound iodine (PBI) only were measured in 54 subjects, and both accumulation and degradation in each of a further 20 subjects. The results show that with increasing exogenous thyroxine dosage a progressive decrease in thyroidal uptake rate occurs. This approaches zero for an oral dose of about 280 μg of thyroxine daily. This dosage is associated with a small but definite increase in PBI. Total thyroxine turnover rate increased approximately in proportion to the PBI, while the fractional thyroxine degradation rate remained relatively constant at these physiologi...

Influence of propylthiouracil on the thyroxine-thyrotropin interplay.

Normal and thyroidectomized rats were treated with propylthiouracil and thyroxine. The intact animals given 2 μg. thyroxine per day exhibited goiter and increased thjTotropin along with greater than normal protein-bound iodine in the scrum. After thyroidectomy, 2 μg. thyroxine per day produced normal concentrations of both thyrotropin and protein-bound iodine; in similar animals treated with propylthiouracil thyrotropin was again normal but protein- bound iodine was twice normal. Propylthiouracil thus appeared to have an extra-thyroidal action on injected thyroxine as indicated by marked increase in protein-bound iodine.