Increase In Number Of Elements Research Articles

Qualitative Model of the Causal Interactions between Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Environmental Factors in the Romanian Black Sea

In order to analyze how environmental factors affect planktonic organisms along the Romanian Black Sea coast, this study created semi-quantitative models of the causal relationships between phytoplankton, zooplankton, and physicochemical parameters by utilizing user-friendly modeling tools. Eleven years of time-series data (March–September 2008–2018) were used to investigate the relationships between phytoplankton, zooplankton, and environmental factors (such as temperature, salinity, and nutrients). Variables such as marine reporting units and phytoplankton species and classes were used to identify developmental patterns, utilizing the Mental Modeler platform to consider interactions between the physicochemical parameters and phytoplankton, phytoplankton and zooplankton, and zooplankton and physicochemical parameters. Although the increase in the overall number of elements and linkages was uncertain in waters with variable salinity compared to marine ones, the semi-quantitative models created for the three marine reporting units along the Romanian Black Sea coast were comparable in terms of complexity. Across the typical and examined types of phytoplankton proliferation (normal, abundant, and blooms), the number of components and connections in the case of phytoplankton blooms substantially decreased as species- and growth-promoting variables increased.

Dependences of the Interatomic Quasielastic Force Coefficient and the Root-Mean-Square Amplitude of Thermal Vibrations of Atoms on the Configuration of Valence Electrons

The interatomic quasielastic force coefficient f and the root-mean-square amplitude of thermal vibrations √︀u2 of atoms in s-, d-, and p-elements located in various groups of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table are calculated. It is found that, with an increase in the atomic number of elements in the groups, the quasielastic force coefficient f and the amplitudes √︀u2 of thermal vibrations of atoms in the s-, d-, and p-elements change according to different patterns depending on the atomic number of the element in a group. The discovered regularities can be explained by the configurational model of the electronic structure of matter.

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF JET EXCAVATION IN CONDUCTOR JETTING OPERATIONS IN SUBMARINE SOIL: MESH ANALYSIS

The more complex exploration techniques and operations in deepwater environment are, the higher become the financial costs involved in the process. The rent of an offshore rig, for instance, can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars per day. Therefore, improving deepwater drilling efficiency can lead to significant cost savings. The drilling process of an oil well starts with the initial drilling, which is the operation to accommodate the conductor casing. Among the techniques to set the conductor casing, jetting operations have become popular in submarine environments where the seafloor sediments allow the technique to be used. In these environments, the submarine soil consists of a deformable body displaying a behavior that falls between a linear elastic solid and viscous fluid. Therefore, its behavior is governed by general theory of rheology, and it can be described as highly viscous non-Newtonian fluid. Despite the lack of comprehensive investigations, promising works can be carried out by considering cohesive soil behavior as viscous fluid. Problems of this type can be solved using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), a powerful software which solves complex fluid mechanics equations. Thus, this work numerically evaluates the excavation mechanism in conductor jetting operations in submarine soil during the first 30 seconds of examination, considering soil as viscous fluid of Herschel-Bulkley. Ansys Fluent®, which is a CDF software based on the finite-volume method, was applied to simulate the jetting excavation process. The results indicate that all meshes generated in the development of this work have an excellent quality, and they also show that the greater the mesh refinement is, the higher the accuracy and robustness of the model will be. However, the computational cost to simulate the model increases exponentially with the increase in number of elements, highlighting the importance of properly balancing mesh refinement and computational effort. When analyzing the results, we could also identify the excavation profile made by the bit jet, which presented an almost symmetrical shape.

OBTAINING NEUTRON MATTER AND HYPERHEAVY NUCLEI: POSSIBLE QUANTUM-TECHNOLOGICAL INSTRUMENTAL APPROACHES

Possible mechanisms of creation of both hyperheavy nuclei by electron-nuclear collapse and neutron matter by condensation of ultracold neutrons are discussed. The fundamental possibility of the existence of such objects was previously substantiated by A.B.Migdal, who suggested that the known set of proton-neutron nuclei with mass numbers from 0 to 300 and a maximum specific binding energy of about 8 MeV / nucleon at A≈60 corresponds to the first region, beyond which (starting from about the charge Z≈ ( hc/e2 )3/2 ≈1600 ) there is an additional region describing a possible state of nuclear matter, stabilized by a pion condensate. In this region, the maximum specific energy corresponds to ≈15 MeV / nucleon at A ≈ 100000. It is shown that neutron matter can be obtained under certain conditions, and its systematization can be realized as an addition to the Periodic Table. When solving such problems, it becomes quite real to study not only physical, but also chemical, and possibly engineering and technical properties. Analysis shows that the stability of neutron matter at the microlevel is ensured by the Tamm interaction and the Hund beta equilibrium. Such matter can be quite stable not only on the mega-level (neutron stars) due to gravitational interaction, as was a priori assumed earlier, but also on the scale of "ordinary" matter. The process of neutronization is possible not only with critical gravitational interaction, but also by other mechanisms (supercritical increase in the atomic number of elements due to electron-nuclear collapse and condensation of ultracold neutrons), which opens the way to the fundamental possibility of obtaining both neutron matter in laboratory conditions and superheavy nuclei. Based on the works of Migdal, Tamm and Hund, the possibility of the existence of stable neutron matter (with Z >> 175, N >> Z, A> 10 3 -10 5 and a size of 200-300 femtometers and more) is argued at the microlevel, and not only at the mega-level, as is now considered in astrophysics. A critical analysis of the well-established concept of the minimum possible mass of neutron stars is carried out. The following quantum technological approaches to the realization of UCN condensation are proposed: 1. Slow isothermal compression; 2. Refrigerator for dissolving helium-3 and helium-4; 3. Use of a conical concentrator for UCN focusing (Vysotskii cone); 4. Magnetic trap; 5. Additional UCN laser cooling. Neutron matter is considered as a potential cosmological candidate for dark matter. One should take into account the possibility of the formation of fragments of neutron matter as dark matter (neutral, femto-, pico- and nanoscale, the cooling of relics makes it difficult to detect them by now) already at the initial origin of the Universe, which is the dominant process. The observable part of the Universe is formed by the residual part of protons, and then by decayed single neutrons and unstable fragments of neutron matter (with Z> 175, N >> Z, but A <10 3 -10 5 ).

ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ КОЭФФИЦИЕНТА КВАЗИУПРУГОЙ СИЛЫ И СРЕДНЕКВАДРАТИЧНОЙ АМПЛИТУДЫ ТЕПЛОВЫХ КОЛЕБАНИЙ АТОМОВ В D – ЭЛЕМЕНТАХ ОТ АТОМНОГО НОМЕРА В ГРУППАХ ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ МЕНДЕЛЕЕВА

The discovered regularities are explained by the configurationally model of the electronic structure of matter as follows: in subgroups IIIa – VIIIa of groups of the periodic table in the series Ti → Ni, the orbital of d - electrons form, together with the of s-electrons orbital, hybrid orbital, the degree of intersection of which increases with an increase in the ordinal number of elements and, accordingly, the interatomic force of interaction increases. In the copper subgroup, the bond strength is largely provided by s - electrons. A decrease in the energy stability of s - electrons in the transition from Cu (copper) to gold due to an increase in the distance of s - electrons from the nucleus and the degree of screening of the nuclear charge by internal electrons leads to a decrease in the interatomic force of interaction. In metals of the zinc subgroup d10 - the valence electrons in the condensed state is violated due to the excitation of s2 - configurations with the formation of a high concentration of ant bonding unlocalized electrons, the degree of loosening of which increases with an increase in the ordinal number of the element in this subgroup. This leads to a weakening of the force of interaction of atoms with an increase in the principal quantum number of s-electrons.

Longitudinal Study of Individual Exercises in Elite Rhythmic Gymnastics.

The performance evolution in rhythmic gymnastics depends on changes in code of points. At the beginning of each Olympic cycle the code of points changes and therefore, the content of the competition exercises, as well. This study aimed to analyze – for each apparatus – the evolution of number of technical elements and final score over the last two decades (last 13 world championships), how they have been affected by changed code of points, and how the final score relates to the number of technical elements performed. The sample consisted of 416 exercises in five apparatus: ball (96), rope (40), hoop (96), ribbon (88), and clubs (96). The following variables were gathered: code of points, apparatus, technical group, total number of elements, final classification, and final score. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the effects on the number of elements and final score in each apparatus. The number of technical elements increased in all apparatus, between 7.4 and 20% over a 10-year period. There were mixed evolutions of final score between the different apparatus, between -6.3 and 14% over a 10-year period. There is small increase in number of elements in hoop and a small decrease in rope after a code change. There was a small decrease in final score in championships after a code change in hoop, moderate in clubs and ribbon, and large in rope. There was a negative relationship between number of elements performed and final score in clubs. In conclusion, the code change generally effects the final score negatively, but there were apparatus specific effects of code change on number of elements and relationship between number of elements and final score.

Has Voluntary Public Health Accreditation Impacted Health Department Perceptions and Activities in Quality Improvement and Performance Management?

The Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) is now in its 10th year, making it an ideal time to study the impact of PHAB accreditation on local health departments (LHDs). To examine whether applying for PHAB accreditation affects perceptions and activities regarding quality improvement (QI) and performance management (PM) within LHDs. Data from the National Association of County & City Health Officials' 2010, 2013, and 2016 National Profile of Local Health Departments and associated QI modules were linked to PHAB-applicant data collected in e-PHAB in a cross-sectional and longitudinal approach examining self-reported QI/PM activities. Local health departments responding to National Association of County & City Health Officials Profile questionnaires and QI modules in 2010, 2013, and 2016. Implementation of formal QI program within agency, numbers of formal QI projects in the past year, presence of elements indicating formal QI program implementation, and changes over time by accreditation status as of June 2017. Accredited and in-process LHDs showed greater gains over time in all of the outcome measures than LHDs not registered in e-PHAB. Results of logistic regression controlling for population served and governance type found accredited LHDs more likely to report formal QI programs agency-wide (odds ratio: [OR] = 27.0; P < .001) and have implemented 6 to 8 elements of formal QI (OR = 27.0; P < .001) in 2016, compared with nonaccreditation-seeking LHDs. Between 2013 and 2016, LHDs that responded to both survey waves that were registered in e-PHAB or accredited were significantly more likely than nonaccreditation-seeking LHDs to report any increase in overall level of QI implementation (OR = 4.89; P = .006) and increase in number of elements of formal QI (OR = 16.1; P < .001). Local health departments accredited by June 2017 and those in process reported more formal QI activities and showed greater improvements with QI/PM implementation over time than LHDs not undertaking accreditation. Public Health Accreditation Board accreditation appears to influence QI/PM uptake. As health departments are contemplating whether to apply for accreditation, the potential for developing a more robust QI/PM system should be taken into account.

Bloom filter based optimization scheme for massive data handling in IoT environment

With the widespread popularity of big data usage across various applications, need for efficient storage, processing, and retrieval of massive datasets generated from different applications has become inevitable. Further, handling of these datasets has become one of the biggest challenges for the research community due to the involved heterogeneity in their formats. This can be attributed to their diverse sources of generation ranging from sensors to on-line transactions data and social media access. In this direction, probabilistic data structures (PDS) are suitable for large-scale data processing, approximate predictions, fast retrieval and unstructured data storage. In conventional databases, entire data needs to be stored in memory for efficient processing, but applications involving real time in-stream data demand time-bound query output in a single pass. Hence, this paper proposes Accommodative Bloom filter (ABF), a variant of scalable bloom filter, where insertion of bulk data is done using the addition of new filters vertically. Array of m bits is divided into b buckets of l bits each and new filters of size ‘m∕k′ are added to each bucket to accommodate the incoming data. Data generated from various sensors has been considered for experimental purposes where query processing is done at two levels to improve the accuracy and reduce the search time. It has been found that insertion and search time complexity of ABF does not increase with increase in number of elements. Further, results indicate that ABF outperforms the existing variants of Bloom filters in terms of false positive rates and query complexity, especially when dealing with in-stream data.

Modified ISM/TISM Process with Simultaneous Transitivity Checks for Reducing Direct Pair Comparisons

Both interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) are pair comparison methods to evolve hierarchical relationships among a set of elements. These methods help to convert ill-structured mental models into well-articulated models that act as base for conceptualization and theory building. One major challenge in applications of these methods is the number of pair comparisons to be made that increase exponentially with the increase in number of elements. Another challenge is the transitivity check on reachability matrix. This paper proposes a modified ISM/TISM process that addresses both these challenges by simultaneously carrying out transitivity checks along with the successive pair-wise comparisons. The pairs having transitive relationships in the process need not to be compared further. This reduces the expert-based pair comparisons drastically and provides the fully transitive reachability matrix in one go, thereby enabling easy implementation. It provides a complete flow chart for the same and is illustrated with already reported examples in past literature.

Hexahedral Mesh Matching: Converting non‐conforming hexahedral‐to‐hexahedral interfaces into conforming interfaces

AbstractThis paper presents a new method, called Mesh Matching, for handling non‐conforming hexahedral‐to‐hexahedral interfaces for finite element analysis. Mesh Matching modifies the hexahedral element topology on one or both sides of the interface until there is a one‐to‐one pairing of finite element nodes, edges and quadrilaterals on the interface surfaces, allowing mesh entities to be merged into a single conforming mesh. Element topology is modified using hexahedral dual operations, including pillowing, sheet extraction, dicing and column collapsing. The primary motivation for this research is to simplify the generation of unstructured all‐hexahedral finite element meshes. Mesh Matching relaxes global constraint propagation which currently hinders hexahedral meshing of large assemblies, and limits its extension to parallel processing. As a secondary benefit, by providing conforming mesh interfaces, Mesh Matching provides an alternative to artificial constraints such as tied contacts and multi‐point constraints. The quality of the resultant conforming hexahedral mesh is high and the increase in number of elements is moderate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

A fast 3D dual boundary element method based on hierarchical matrices

In this paper a fast solver for three-dimensional BEM and DBEM is developed. The technique is based on the use of hierarchical matrices for the representation of the collocation matrix and uses a preconditioned GMRES for the solution of the algebraic system of equations. The preconditioner is built exploiting the hierarchical arithmetic and taking full advantage of the hierarchical format. Special algorithms are developed to deal with crack problems within the context of DBEM. The structure of DBEM matrices has been efficiently exploited and it has been demonstrated that, since the cracks form only small parts of the whole structure, the use of hierarchical matrices can be particularly advantageous. Test examples presented show that, with the proposed technique, substantial increase in number of elements over the crack surfaces leads only to moderate increases in memory storage and solution time.

Gap coupled rectangular microstrip antennas for dual and triple frequency operation

AbstractA rectangular microstrip antenna is gradually divided into equal smaller elements along the width, and lengths of these smaller strips are varied to increase the separation between the resonances to obtain dual and triple frequency operation. Likewise, configurations consisting a maximum of five strips have been investigated. For configurations with two strips only dual frequency operation has been obtained, whereas for configurations with more than two strips both dual and triple frequency operation has been obtained. With increase in number of elements, the separation between different resonances is more and the radiation pattern is also similar in two frequency bands. Experiments have been performed and the results are in agreement with the simulations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1480–1486, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI.10.1002/mop.22452

How serial is serial processing in vision?

Visual search for an element defined by the conjunction of its colour and orientation has previously been shown to be a serial processing task since reaction times increase linearly with the number of distractor elements used in the display. Evidence is presented that there are parallel processing constituents to this serial search. Processing time depended on the ratio of the number of the two distractor types used, suggesting that only one type was scanned. Which type was scanned also depended on the distractor ratio, indicating that this decision was made after stimulus presentation and was based on a parallel figure-ground separation of the stimulus elements. Furthermore, in accordance with this serial scanning model, there was an increase in processing speed (elements scanned per second) with increase in number of elements to be scanned. This increased efficiency suggests that clumps of elements were processed synchronously. Under the stimulation conditions used, clumps contained six to sixteen elements and each clump was processed in 50-150 ms.

Developmental dysphasia: a defect of perception, not language?

Developmental dysphasia may result from a primary impairment in the rate of processing acoustic stimuli, regardless of whether stimuli are verbal or nonverbal. Subjects were tested for their ability to perceive binary sequences of (1) complex tones, (2) synthesized steady-state vowels, (3) synthesized stop-consonants with formant transitions of normal duration (43 msec), and (4) synthesized stop-consonants with formant transitions extended in duration (95 msec). With nonverbal stimuli, dysphasics were adversely affected by decreases in duration of stimulus elements and interval between elements, and by increases in total number of elements. Total duration of stimulus patterns proved critical to dysphasics' performance. With verbal stimuli, dysphasics proved unimpaired in their discrimination of steady-state vowels, but grossly impaired in their discrimination of stop-consonants comprising a 43-msec transitional period. However, when the transitional period of the same stop-consonants was extended to 95 msec, the dysphasics performed as well as normals. It is suggested that developmental dysphasia is not a language disorder, but results from failure to develop a nonverbal auditory perceptual process which is necessary for speech perception.

Developmental aphasia: impaired rate of non-verbal processing as a function of sensory modality

Developmental asphasic and control children were tested for the ability to perceive binary sequences of non-verbal stimuli in the auditory and visual modalities. Performance was studied in relation to duration of stimulus elements, interval between elements and number of elements in a sequence. No significant differences between groups were observed on visual tests. On auditory tests aphasics, but not controls, were adversely affected by decreases in duration of stimulus elements and interval between elements, and by increases in number of elements. Total duration of stimulus patterns proved critical to aphasics' performance. It is suggested that developmental aphasics are incapable of perceiving auditory information at a normal rate, and the possibility is considered that this constraint on the speed of auditory processing may underlie their language impairment.

The development of the imaginal eye in the larva of Drosophila melanogaster

AbstractA study has been made of the growth of the eye anlage, and of the increase in number of the elements of the dioptric system of larvae of Drosophila melanogaster.In newly hatched larvae the eye rudiment grows fast, but slows down later and becomes nearly stationary during the second half of larval life. The increase in number of elements in the eye disc parallels the growth of the whole anlage and reaches a maximum about 70 hours after hatching. The imaginal disc cells increase in number but not in size, in contrast to other larval cells which increase in size but not in number.