Increase In Industrial Output Research Articles

Reconstruction of production and heating boiler plant JSC "NP NC KBK IM. S.P. Titov" with building expansion

RELEVANCE. In Russia there are a large number of large and small boiler houses that supply steam and hot water to industrial enterprises. Today, more than 70% of boiler houses require serious modernization, the options for which can be different. Research into the area of modernization and reconstruction of boiler houses in the country is important, since most of the equipment has exhausted its service life, and the need for heat supply is increasing due to the increase in industrial output. TARGET. Consideration of one of the options for modernization and reconstruction of a specific boiler house. METHODS. When considering the option, the steam-water heating boiler developed by the Taganrog Boiler Plant and well-known methods for expanding energy enterprises were taken as the basis. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, presents an option for modernizing a hot water boiler, which makes it possible to operate the boiler in a combined mode, which allows solving steam reserve issues in the short term, and also presents an option for expanding the boiler room. CONCLUSIONS. The option of reconstructing and modernizing an industrial heating boiler house with its expansion and transfer of hot water boilers to steam mode is an opportunity to solve the growing production need for process steam.

Mediating Role of Industrial Output on the relationship between Monetary Policy and Inflation in Nigeria

obtained from CBN statistical bulletin from 1990Q1 to 2019Q4. Monetary policy was proxied by monetary policy rate (MPR), prime lending rate (PLR), maximum lending rate (MLR), and treasury bills rate (TBR). The study employed Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in analysis. It was found that monetary policy rate, prime lending rate, maximum lending rate, and treasury bills rate impacted positively on inflation in Nigeria. It was also found that industrial output impacted negatively on inflation, implying that an increase in industrial output will lead to a reduction in inflation in Nigeria. The study also found that industrial output played a partial mediation on the relationship between prime lending rate (PLR), maximum lending rate (MLR), and inflation but a complete mediation was found for industrial output on the relationship between monetary policy rates (MPR), treasury bills rate (TBR) and inflation in Nigeria. The study concluded that when industrial output is used as a mediator variable, on the relationship between monetary policy and inflation; monetary policy can effectively reduce inflation indirectly by boosting industrial output or production. The study recommends that to achieve the monetary policy objective of price stability, the monetary authority should reduce MPR, PLR, MLR, and TBR to boost industrial output, as industrial output has the potential of reducing the inflation rate in Nigeria.

IS ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH THE REASON FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION IN SAARC COUNTRIES

In the last four decades, the developing countries have built a heavy industrial base which is seen as a threat to the environment. The trade liberalization policies of the SAARC counties led them to increase the production for domestic use and exports. This increase in industrial output is a real threat to environmental degradation as the industrial share is quite significant in the GDP of the SAARC countries. The present study is designed to check the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis and then use industry output as a regressor to see how it is affecting the environment. The panel regression models are used for estimation by taking data from 1980 to 2018. The results are obtained by using Newey-West standard robust errors. The results suggested that there exists a U-shape relationship between economic growth and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) while an inverted U-shape relationship is found between industrial growth and CO2. Furthermore, a unidirectional causality was observed between industrial growth, human capital, energy consumption, and CO2 while bidirectional causality was observed between urbanization and CO2. The present study suggests that there is a need to adopt environmental protection policies related to the industrial sector in the SAARC region.Keywords: Economic Growth, Idustrial Growth, Environmental DegradationJEL Classifications: Q43, Q54, R11DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11769

Relationship Between Industrialization and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study of Pakistan

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the long run relationship of Industrialization and Economic Growth in Pakistan. The time series data from 1976-2015 is used. The main source of data is World Development Indicator (WDI). Gross Domestic Product is used as dependent variable, while Industrial Output, Foreign Direct Investment, Saving and Inflation are used as the independent variables. The ARDL testing Approach has been applied on the data. After it, the stability of the function was tested by CUSUM. The results of ARDL bound testing reveals the long run association between industrial output and GDP. This study shows that an increase in Industrial Output increases the Gross Domestic Product in Pakistan. In the end, the stability of results is confirmed by CUSUM test.

Effects of dynamic variables on industrial output in one of the world\u2019s fastest-growing countries: case evidence from India

Increase in industrial output is an important indicator to identify the socio-economic development of a nation. India is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world; using its comparative advantage and capitalizing its educated youths, it tries to be as a hub of manufacturing in the world map. Under these circumstances, the present study attempts to identify the effects of dynamic macroeconomic variables on manufacturing output in India using secondary data from 1990Q1 to 2017Q4 sourced from the World Bank, and IMF, RBI, ASI and published materials are other source of information. This study considered variables such as industrial production, population, agricultural output, exchange rate, export, oil price, and gross fixed capital formation. We employed ADF and PP unit root tests, Johansen co-integration test, and error correction model based on Granger causality test. This study found that manufacturing output was driven by agricultural output, export and population. The chief role played by the agricultural output in affecting the manufacturing output suggested that the agricultural sector is still serving as engine of economic development in general and manufacturing output in particular in the case of fast-growing Indian economy. Further, investment on education, health, trainings and other capacity building in the form of human capital on population will lead the industrial sector to get strengthened through observing entrepreneurial spirit, high skilled labours, technicians, and managers. Finally, it is suggested that the superior focus on tapping the potential market on the planet, research and development, mechanization, proper quality control, skill development, better management, and effective marketing will give a new life to the manufacturing sector of the fast-growing Indian economy.

Uncovering Variations, Determinants, and Disparities of Multisector-Level Final Energy Use of Industries Across Cities

With continuous industrialization and urbanization, cities have become the dominator of energy consumption, to which industry is making leading contribution among all sectors. Given the insufficiency in comparative study on the drivers of energy use across cities at multisector level, this study selected seven representative cities in China to quantify and analyze the contributions of factors to changes in final energy use (FEU) in industrial aggregate and sectoral levels by using Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method. Disparities in the drivers of industrial FEU across cities were explicitly revealed within two stages (2005–2010 and 2010–2015). Some key findings are presented as follows. Alongside the increase in industrial output of seven cities within two stages, the variation trends in industrial FEU are different. Industrial output effect (contribution rate 16.7% ~ 184.0%) and energy intensity effect (contribution rate −8.6% ~ −76.5%) contributed to the increase in aggregate FEU positively and negatively, respectively. Beijing had the largest contribution share of industrial structure effect (−24.4% and −12.8%), followed by Shenyang and Xi’an. Contributions of energy intensity effect and industrial output effect for Chemicals, Nonmetals, Metals, and Manufacture of equipment were much larger than those of other sectors. The results revealed that production technological innovations, phase-out of outdated capacities of energy intensive industries, and industrial restructuring are crucial for reduction in industrial FEU of cities. This study also provided reference to reasonable industrial layout among cities and exertion of technological advantages from a national perspective.

Does carbon intensity constraint policy improve industrial green production performance in China? A quasi-DID analysis

Whether or not carbon regulation policies can achieve the “double dividend” of carbon reduction and economic growth is vital for realizing the sustainable development of a certain country. This paper investigates the effects of a carbon intensity constraint policy (CICP) that the Chinese government put forward in 2009 on the green production performance (GPP, i.e., the environmentally sensitive productivity growth considering carbon emissions to be an undesirable output) of industrial sector (the largest carbon emitter in China) for the first time. Based on a non-radial and non-oriented DEA (data envelopment analysis) measure method, we first adopt the Luenberger indicator to estimate the GPP of China's 36 industrial sub-sectors over 2001–2013. Furthermore, regarding the CICP proposed in 2009 as a natural experiment, we assess the effects of such a policy on China's industrial GPP by using the quasi-difference-in-differences (quasi-DID) method. The results show that China's industrial GPP presents a circuitous downward trend after experiencing a transient rise. The heterogeneity of the GPP among industrial sub-sectors exists, and the increase in industrial output is the crucial driver of improving the GPP. China's industrial GPP has deteriorated after implementing the CICP, and the negative effect of such a policy is larger and larger over time. Such empirical results indicate that although the carbon regulation policy in China has achieved a surface success, the policy causes a factor substitution effect to hinder the improvement of the GPP. Therefore, China's current CICP is not effective in realizing the “double dividend” of carbon reduction and industrial growth.

Industrialization and economic growth relationship in Nigeria

This paper investigates the impact of industrialization on economic growth in Nigeria from 2001 to 2013.Data was sourced from CBN statistical bulletin 2013. The paper employed Ordinary Least Square (OLS) techniques in estimating the relationship between industrial output, industrial employment and economic growth, after which ADF unit root test was conducted alongside Breusch-Godfrey serial correlation LM test and Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey heteroskeddasticity test.Base on the results of this study, the importance of industrialization to economic growth cannot be overemphasized. The OLS result of this study revaled that industrialization will go a long way in stimulating economic growth in Nigeria. The coefficient of industrial output shows that increase in industrial output will increase economic growth. This paper therefore, recommended that government and its relevant authorities should provide conducive investment environment by removing the structural rigidities that exist in the economy to encourage industrial activities. Government should endeavour to provide stable supply of power, good roads for transportation of goods and people, functional legal system, security of lives and property, infrastructural facilities etc. All these would boost industrial output thereby making goods and services readily available to meet the ever increasing demand in order to prevent inflation and subsequently lead to industrial expansion and improvement in economic growth of the economy. Based on the coefficient of industrial employment; increase in industrial employment will increase economic growth. This paper therefore, recommended the need to formulate policies to increase industrial employment which may likely improve the welfare of Nigerians which would provide employment opportunities for the people. The coefficients of elasticities revealed the extent to which industrial output and industrial employment affects economic growth in Nigeria. It was found that economic growth was highly susceptible to change in industrial output and less susceptible to change in industrial employment this paper therefore, recommended that more effort should be channel toward increasing industrial output than industrial employment so as to achieve the desired economic growth.

IMPACTS OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON EMPLOYMENT IN VIETNAM: A SYSTEM GENERALIZED METHOD OF MOMENTS ESTIMATION

Using a system generalized method of moments model, the present paper investigates the impacts of trade liberalization on employment in Vietnam from 1999 to 2004. The results show that the increase in industrial output increased labor demand, whereas the increasing wage rate led to a decline in the employment level. The impact of export expansion on derived labor demand was positive and statistically significant, indicating that the higher level of exports than previously presented employment opportunities for the country's large labor surplus. As far as imports are concerned, empirical observations indicate that imports did not necessarily negatively impact Vietnam's employment level.

Divergences in manufacturing energy consumption between the North and the South

During the past 20 years, there has been a growing delinking of industrial production from energy use, that is, an increase in industrial output accompanied by a substantial decline in total energy consumed. This delinking of energy and output, which has occurred mostly in the developed countries, has resulted from a shift in the industrial base away from highly energy intensive materials processing industries towards lower energy intensive high technology industries, the emergence of the service sector, and the adoption of energy conservation and energy efficiency measures.

The Economic Development of Mexico

Since the nationalization of its petroleum resources and industry in 1938 Mexico has seen an inflation-discounted economic growth rate of never less than 5% per year. Despite over a 100% increase in population the cumulative growth of Mexicos production in this period has generated a nearly hundredfold increase in industrial output per capita. With a per capita income of $2100 Mexico might be thought to be a developed nation. Yet because the benefits of economic growth have been so inequitably distributed Mexico exhibits some of the sharpest indexes of underdevelopment/ Almost 1/2 of the population subsists at the margin of nutrition or below it. Almost 1/2 of the countrys children have no education and the disparity in income between the richest and the poorest approaches 40 times. Between 1900 and 1950 Mexicos population almost doubledand it almost doubled again between 1950 and 1970. In 1972 an intensive family planning program was initiated by the government. The wages of workers amounted to only 15% of the gross product from manufacturing in 1979. Over 2/3 of income goes to the corporation and less than 1/3 to the employees. Capital and labor in Mexico maintain the same characteristics found in the less developed countries. The Mexican state is neo-Keynesian. Since the depression of the 1930s the government has become part of a multifaceted financial system. Public investment is part of the states power but the power of the Mexican state is limited. Mexico is dependent on the U.S. for almost 2/3 of its imports and exports.

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

The fifth annual report prepared by the secretariat of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), International Trade 1956, opened with a survey of developments in the structure and pattern of international trade. During 1956 the value of international trade had risen by II percent from 1955 to more than $90,000 million during the first half of the year and $95,000 million in the second. Because of a slight increase in the general price level the volume of world trade had risen somewhat less, but had exceeded the rate of increase in industrial output. Trade between industrial and non-industrial areas had continued to decline. Due to the greater increase in value of exports of industrial countries than of those of the non-industrial areas, as well as to the greater rise in volume of exports of industrial countries to each other than to non-industrial destinations, the share in world exports of trade among industrial countries had risen to 40.3 percent, while the share of trade between industrial and non-industrial countries fell to 49.2 percent and that among non-industrial countries to 10.5 percent. The report attributed this trend to the decline in exports from non-industrial areas at a time when the share of their imports in world trade had remained unchanged, a situation due primarily to industrial development, slow growth of primary production, and increased domestic demand in the semi-industrialized countries. Examining the long-term market outlook for primary products in western Europe and North America, the report concluded that prospects for export of raw materials and fuels from non-industrial areas were favorable, but that with respect to the market for most foodstuffs the future was uncertain, depending on the rate of growth of agricultural production in the industrial countries.