Increase In Hydraulic Resistance Research Articles

Hydrate formation due to moisture, occuring by mixing natural gas streams of dewatering different degrees

The key problem during transporting natural gas through gas pipelines is to ensure reliable, safe transportation and supply of gas to consumers. Reliable operation of the main gas pipeline depends on transported gas quality. Under production conditions, gas is saturated with moisture vapor to an equilibrium state, and when thermodynamic conditions (pressure, temperature) change, its condensation occurs. Due to the heterogeneity of the fields, the problem of gas quality control is the key reliability criterion, especially such as the moisture content in the gas. The main complication is the formation of hydrate plugs, which lead to an increase in hydraulic resistance and a decrease in pipeline capacity, which contributes to the occurrence of emergency situations. Therefore, before supplying natural gas to main gas pipelines, the gas is dried to its dew point, which prevents condensation of water from the gas.

Влияние дистанцирующих выступов в щелевом канале малой ширины на его теплогидравлические характеристики при ламинарном течении

The paper presents analytical study of the distancing bulges effect on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of a band slotted heat-transfer matrix of the rotary heat exchanger. The work was carried out based on mathematical simulation of the thermal-hydraulic processes in the band parallel-plate duct of low height (0.4 mm) at the laminar flow regime characteristic for the rotary heat exchangers. Influence of the distancing elements number in the rows, distance between the rows, as well as the total number of elements in the channel on the average value of the Nusselt number and on the magnitude of the pressure drop was analyzed. Influence of alterations in speed and temperature regimes on the thermal-hydraulic characteristics was analyzed. It was found that installation of the distancing bulges in a band parallel-plate duct led to a decrease in the Nusselt number and the increase in hydraulic resistance of the parallel-plate duct compared to a flat slotted duct without bulges despite the laminar flow regime. It was noted that influence of the distancing elements mutual arrangement on the bands was insignificant for the flow thermal-hydraulic characteristics. It was established that an increase in the temperature of the parallel-plate duct walls also was not leading to significant alteration in the heat transfer nature inside the channels under study; and alteration in the laminar flow speed regime also practically did not affect the heat transfer intensity in the ducts under consideration

Method of calculation of the flow motion model in water intake facilities

One of the urgent problems of our time is the uneven distribution of the flow velocity in the forebay of the intake structure, which leads to the destruction of the flow structure due to the water level, the amount of turbidity in the water, the size of the fraction and the change in speed. As a result, turbidity can be observed in the forebay and water intake units, an increase in hydraulic resistance in the suction network, a decrease in pump fluid loss, the formation of cavitation and the destruction of internal parts. In the article, the forebay of an irrigation pumping station and in the intake section, a mathematical model of the dynamics of water distribution over the velocity field, longitudinal and transverse distribution based on the shape of the forebay was created and numerous results were obtained. Taking into account the above, according to the identified Lax scheme, the Eyler differential equation of flow motion was numerically solved, and the calculation of the longitudinal and transverse velocity distributions in the forebay and water intake was carried out by setting the boundary conditions for the state of the flow.

An analysis of the influence of the technological mode of the gathering system of the oil field on the efficiency of geological and technical actions

Field development at a late stage is characterized by high water-cut and considerable volumes of produced water that causes field pipeline congestion. An increase in the volume of produced water entails an increase in hydraulic resistance in pipeline sections, which may limit the effect of ongoing geological and technical actions to intensify oil production. As a result, the production rates decrease at neighboring wells, but at the same time, the hydraulic resistance in the sections of overloaded pipelines increases. In this regard, it makes sense to determine the boundary, which allows you to observe the balance between the increase in amount of geological and technical actions and the current field pipeline congestion.

Tuning the hydraulic resistance by swelling-induced buckling of membranes in high-aspect-ratio microfluidic devices.

Controlling fluid flow in microfluidic devices and adapting it to varying conditions by selectively regulating hydrodynamic properties is of critical importance, as the field of microfluidics faces increasingly complex challenges in its wide range of applications. One way to manipulate flows in microfluidic devices is to introduce elastic elements that can be actively or passively deformed. In this work, we developed a membrane-based microfluidic device that allows us to study the deformation of swollen thin membranes as a function of the volume fractions in binary mixtures - here isopropanol and water. Furthermore, the membrane deformation can be used to control pressure-driven flows within the device. The device consists of two microfluidic channels separated by a thin membrane that deforms by a buckling-based mechanism, when the isopropanol volume fraction of the solvent flowing through it exceeds a certain volume fraction. The buckling membrane causes a sinusoidal height variation in both adjacent channels, resulting in a large increase in hydraulic resistance. We show that buckling-based deflections of elastic membranes can be used to amplify small changes in the degree of swelling to produce large changes in the microchannel geometry of the device, sufficient to manipulate the flow rate of pressure-driven flows in the microdevice.

ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ СЕПАРАТОРА С СООСНО РАСПОЛОЖЕННЫМИ ТРУБАМИ ПРИОБЕСПЫЛИВАНИИ ГАЗОВЫХ ВЫБРОСОВ ПРИ РАЗЛИЧНОМ УГЛЕ РАСКРЫТИЯ ПРЯМОУГОЛЬНЫХ ЩЕЛЕЙ

An important task in dedusting gas emissions at chemical industry enterprises is to achieve high efficiency. A complex of devices is used for this. Large particles are removed from gases in coarse cleaning devices. Fine particles are removed from gases in fine cleaning devices. However, fine filters are quickly clogged, which leads to an increase in hydraulic resistance and, in some cases, to a decrease in efficiency. An urgent task is to increase their service life and increase efficiency. For this purpose, the paper proposes the design of a separator with coaxially arranged pipes, which is proposed to be installed in front of fine filters. The aim of this work is to numerically investigate the effect of the angle of opening of rectangular slits on the efficiency and hydraulic resistance of a separator with coaxially arranged pipes. The article presents the design of the separator. The principle of operation is described. During numerical calculations, the inlet velocity of the gas flow was set at the inlet of the device, which varied from 3 to 10 m/s, and the mass flow rate of particles was 5 g/s. The particle density varied from 1000 to 3000 kg/m3. The particle diameter varied from 1 to 15 microns. The opening angle of the slits varied from 16 to 24 °. During the calculations, the following main conclusions were made: the structure of vortices in the inter-tube space determines the degree of efficiency of a separator with coaxially arranged pipes, with the angle of opening of rectangular slits α = 20 °, the maximum separation efficiency of fine particles up to 10 microns in size from a dusty stream is equal to an average of 40.3%, the separation efficiency of fine particles from a dusty stream is achieved. the flow rate increases with an increase in the input gas velocity and particle density, because they are easier to dislodge from the swirling gas, the pressure loss in the separator with coaxially arranged pipes is no more than 626 Pa.

Experiment-Simulation Comparison in Liquid Filling Process Driven by Capillarity.

This paper studies modifications made to the Bosanquet equation in order to fit the experimental observations of the liquid filling process in circular tubes that occurs by capillary force. It is reported that there is a significant difference between experimental observations and the results predicted by the Bosanquet equation; hence, it is reasonable to investigate these differences intensively. Here, we modified the Bosanquet equation such that it could consider more factors that contribute to the filling process. First, we introduced the air flowing out of the tube as the liquid inflow. Next, we considered the increase in hydraulic resistance due to the surface roughness of the inner tube. Finally, we further considered the advancing contact angle, which varies during the filling process. When these three factors were included, the modified Bosanquet equation was well correlated with the experimental results, and the R square—which indicates the fitting quality between the simulation and the experiment—significantly increased to above 0.99.

The application of condensate in the synthesis of nano-structured polymer-based composites for enhanced oil recovery

The article considers the influence of a number of external and internal factors, mainly temperature disturbances affecting the change in flow resistance at certain stages of development of oil fields operated for many years. It was found that with a decrease in temperature, the viscosity of oil increases as a result of the formation of asphaltene, resin-paraffin compounds. These associations deposit into the pores, causing a decrease in permeability, a decrease in the inner diameter of the lifting pipes, and an increase in hydraulic resistance. Although the resin was absorbed by the reagent after the nanostructured coordination polymer technique, an increase in oil viscosity was observed. To eliminate the problem, part of the waste of the alkaline diesel fraction included in the composite pumped into the well was replaced by condensate. At the same time, high efficiency was achieved. Keywords: crude oil; viscosity; paraffin; resin; condensate; associate; nanostructural reagent.

Critical Flux and Fouling Analysis of PVDF-Mixed Matrix Membranes for Reclamation of Refinery-Produced Wastewater: Effect of Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids Concentration and Aeration.

Fouling tends to cause a significant increase in hydraulic resistance, decreased permeate flux, or increased transmembrane pressure (TMP) when a process is operated under constant TMP or constant flux conditions. To control membrane fouling and maintain sustainable operation, the concept of critical flux has been discussed by several researchers. Various fouling mechanisms, such as macromolecule adsorption, pore plugging, or cake build-up, as well as hydrodynamic conditions, for example aeration, can take place at the membrane surface. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) concentration and air bubble flow rate (ABFR) on the critical flux and fouling behavior, when treating refinery-produced wastewater. To determine the critical flux values, the experimental flux-steps were the following: (1) the filtration began with a 30 min step duration at a low flux (10 to 20 L/m2h); (2) at the end of this step (after 30 min), the permeate flux was increased, (3) this step was repeated until the TMP did not remain constant at the constant permeate flux, (4) the critical flux was then achieved. A critical flux model with an R2 of 0.9 was, therefore, derived, which indicates that the particle properties were regulated by the suspended solids. The increase of MLSS concentration, from 3 mg/L to 4.5 mg/L, resulted in a decrease of the permeate flux by 18%. Moreover, an increase in ABFR, from 1.2 mL/min to 2.4 mL/min, increased the permeate flux, but this decreased with a greater flow rate of aeration. To assess the stability and reversibility of fouling during critical flux (Jc) determination using a mixed matrix membrane, flux-step methods were utilized. A step height of 14.3 L/m2h and 30 min duration were arbitrarily chosen. The flux increased to 32.5 L/m2h with a slight increase of trans membrane pressure (TMP), while the rate of increase became significant at a higher flux of 143.6 L/m2h, due to fouling. Overall, this study proved that the response of MLSS concentration and aeration affected the membrane performance, based on the critical flux and fouling behavior.

The hydraulic architecture of an arborescent monocot: ontogeny-related adjustments in vessel size and leaf area compensate for increased resistance.

Bamboos are arborescent monocotyledons that have no secondary growth, but can continually produce conduits with diameters appropriate to the current size of the plant. Here, we studied bamboo hydraulic architecture to address the mechanisms involved in compensating for the increase in hydraulic resistance during ontogeny. We measured the hydraulic weighted vessel diameters (Dh ) at different distances from the apex along the stem of Bambusa textilis. The hydraulic resistance of different components and individuals of different heights were quantified using the high-pressure flowmeter method. The Dh showed tip-to-base widening with a scaling exponent in the range of those reported for trees. Although theoretical hydraulic conductivity decreased from base-to-tip, leaf-specific conductivity did not change. Leaves contributed the most to the whole-shoot hydraulic resistance, followed by the leaf-bearing branches. Roots contributed c. 13% to whole-plant resistance. Interestingly, taller individuals showed lower whole-shoot resistance owing to an increased number of resistances in parallel (side-branches), while leaf-specific resistance was independent of plant size. Tip-to-base vessel widening and height-independent constant leaf-specific conductance could be mechanisms for hydraulic optimization in B.textilis. Similar patterns have also been found in woody plants with secondary growth, but this bamboo exhibits them without secondary growth.

ЭКСПЕРЕМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ТЕПЛОВОГО ГАЗОДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО МЕТОДА ДЛЯ ПРЕДОТВРАЩЕНИЯ ГИДРАТООБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ГАЗОПРОВОДАХ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ ЦИКЛОНОВ

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью уменьшения количества гидратов газа в потоке смеси или их полного разрушения. Газовые гидраты являются крайне негативным фактором газовой промышленности, они усложняют все стадии подготовки, транспортировки и переработки сырья. Гидраты аккумулируются на стенках сосудов при определенных термобарических условиях, также их скопление наблюдается в полостях арматуры, что может привести к их преждевременному износу или повышению гидравлического сопротивления потока флюида, а следовательно, повышению энергических затрат. Существующие методы борьбы с гидратообразованием очень опасны (применение метанола для разрушения гидратов), очень затратны (применение ингибиторов гидратообразования) или энергозатратны и малоэффективны (прогрев трубопровода специализированным кабелем). Также отложения гидратов могут негативно сказываться на приборах учета и замера. Цель: экспериментальное исследование процесса удаления из потока газа льда и его разрушения на специализированной установке. Объект: автономная модульная установка для борьбы с гидратообазованием. Методы: теоретические методы для обоснования закономерности течения процессов тепломассообмена, расчетно-аналитический метод для определения количества энергии, практические методы по проведению экспериментов. Результаты. Построен лабораторный стенд на базе Национального исследовательского Томского политехнического университета, проведены эксперименты для различных потоков газа с разными термобарическими условиями, проанализированы основные зависимости качества отделения льда из смеси, доказана практическая значимость разработки и даны рекомендации для создания опытного образца. Рассмотрена модель расчета основных конструктивных параметров циклона, рабочей полости. Представлена методика проведения экспериментов и техники подбора оптимальных термобарических параметров.

Maintenance of heat stability of the heating system work in a structure

We investigated the reasons of obstruction in elements of heating systems equipped with capacitive heating devices, which leads to an increase in hydraulic resistance, a decrease in the coolant flow rate, a decrease in the average surface temperature of the heater and a decrease in its heat transfer. We studied the decrease in the thermal conductivity of the pipeline walls of the heating system depending on the thickness of the sediment of solid particles on their surface. The analysis of the existing method of flushing heating system is carried out and its shortcomings are revealed. A better method for flushing single-pipe heating system hydraulically is proposed, which involves the following: to ensure effective flushing of capacitive heaters, it is proposed to supply clean water and to remove wastewater from different sides of the heating device. The application of the proposed method allows us to reduce the water consumption for flushing heating system, to reduce the flushing time, to exclude the transfer of solid particles to other elements of the heating system which improves reliability of its operation.

Tip-to-base xylem conduit widening as an adaptation: causes, consequences, and empirical priorities.

In the stems of terrestrial vascular plants studied to date, the diameter of xylem water-conducting conduits D widens predictably with distance from the stem tip L approximating D∝Lb , with b≈0.2. Because conduit diameter is central for conductance, it is essential to understand the cause of this remarkably pervasive pattern. We give reason to suspect that tip-to-base conduit widening is an adaptation, favored by natural selection because widening helps minimize the increase in hydraulic resistance that would otherwise occur as an individual stem grows longer and conductive path length increases. Evidence consistent with adaptation includes optimality models that predict the 0.2 exponent. The fact that this prediction can be made with a simple model of a single capillary, omitting much biological detail, itself makes numerous important predictions, e.g. that pit resistance must scale isometrically with conduit resistance. The idea that tip-to-base conduit widening has a nonadaptive cause, with temperature, drought, or turgor limiting the conduit diameters that plants are able to produce, is less consistent with the data than an adaptive explanation. We identify empirical priorities for testing the cause of tip-to-base conduit widening and underscore the need to study plant hydraulic systems leaf to root as integrated wholes.

HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF SAND SLURRY FLOW IN A PIPE

The sand slurry flow in a cylindrical pipe is investigated using the Ostwald de Waele model. The dependence of the fluid flow rate on the pressure drop is determined, dependencies for the radial distribution of velocity and effective viscosity of flow are obtained. It is shown that the distribution of effective viscosity is characterized by a monotonic increase as it approaches the pipe walls. As the consistency increases, the mechanical energy dissipation of the flow also increases leading to an increase in hydraulic resistance. During the flow of dilatant media with the low nonlinearity index, the hydraulic resistance decreases with increasing pressure drop. When this index is 2, the hydraulic resistance does not depend on the pressure drop and is determined only by the liquid properties and the channel size. At highe values of the nonlinearity index, the increased pressure drop leads to an increase in hydraulic resistance. Keywords

The Increase of the Operation Efficiency of Water Supply Wells on the Production Facilities of the Oil and Gas Complex

Water for oil pump stations and compressor stations of the main hydrocarbon carriers transmission systems, as well as for most other production facilities of the oil and gas complex is usually supplied from the underground sources. In this case, the function of water intake structures is performed by the bored wells or special wells. As most of them are located in quick ground, they require the use of filters of various designs. In the process of water supply systems operation, wells filters and pre-filter zones of aquifers are contaminated with mechanical particles as well as with the depositions of calcium salt, magnesium salt, silicon salt and other elements dissolved in under-ground waters. It inevitably leads to the increase in hydraulic resistance and, accordingly, to the decrease in wa-ter flow and water intakes productivity. The construction of new buildings requires additional substantial capital investments; therefore it is considered to be economically impracticable and is used very rarely. The more rational way to restore the well flow rate is to clean the filters and the aquifers pre-filter zones off the clogging. It gives a possibility to get a significant economic effect. The analysis of the existing methods and means of water supply wells recovery shows that despite the urgent need to improve water supply and to use groundwater rationally, the search for the most effective methods of regeneration of water take systems is still ongoing. Nowadays, the devel-opment of treatment modes for filters and the prefilter zone of aquifers implies the use of approaches that summa-rize the experience of previous methods which need further theoretical and experimental justification. The authors offer a more effective method for the destruction and dispergation of colmatation deposits. It requires the creation of the vibrational impact inside the filter as well as the creation of a powerful filtration flow of alternating direc-tion by implementing a multi-regulated explosion of the steam-and-gas mixture. It gives an opportunity to use it under a wide range of hydrogeological conditions, as well as in the wells equipped with filters of different types. The suggested method is simple and cost-efficient. In order to find scientifically substantiated criteria for the se-lection of optimal modes of wells treatment using this method, the authors have made a series of research. One of the main purposes of the studies is to determine the nature of the distribution and the parameters of elastic hydro-dynamic oscillations in the aquifer which are caused by the explosion of steam-and-gas mixture in the filter area of the water supply well.

The Impact of the Use of Antifreeze Substances on the Heating Installation Thermohydraulic Parameters and Energy Consumption

This article discusses the effect of application of antifreeze substances on thermohydraulic parameters and energy consumption of a heating installation with convective radiators. A comparative theoretical and computational analysis is performed for water and two alternative heating mediums: a 50% aqueous solution of ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. It is indicated that antifreeze substances and their aqueous solutions may cause a reduction in the radiator heat output and an increase in hydraulic resistance, which results in the entire system higher energy consumption and lower efficiency. It is then justified that the heating installation design should take account of the use of a glycol aqueous solution instead of water to avoid an excessive drop in the installation energy indicators and prevent deterioration of the building thermal comfort conditions.

Mechanism of biofouling enhancement in a membrane bioreactor under constant trans-membrane pressure operation

In a membrane bioreactor, flux and organic loading rate conditions essentially affect membrane fouling. In constant TMP mode, flux and organic loading rate dynamically change, while they are rather static in constant flux mode. This study investigated fouling mechanism in MBR under these different filtration modes. Fouling development was more significant in constant TMP mode than in constant flux mode when MBR was operated under an equal flux condition in average. In constant TMP mode, microbial community in cake sludge was distinct from bulk sludge and had higher abundance of biofilm-forming bacterial group. The cake sludge contained more SMP and LB-EPS with high polysaccharide contents in constant TMP mode. These results suggested that, in constant TMP mode, (i) initially high flux in a filtration cycle enhanced initial deposition of bacterial cells and rapid development of fouling layer, which resulted in distinct microbial community in cake sludge; (ii) the high abundance of the biofilm-forming bacteria in cake sludge and fluctuation of organic loading rate stimulated polysaccharide production, (iii) higher polysaccharide contents in cake layer caused faster development of fouling layer and increase of hydraulic resistance by compression.

RATIONAL CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES IN RURAL AREAS

In view of the development of cottage construction and enterprises of agricultural products processing, located mainly in rural areas, the development of high-efficient, reliable and easy-to-use treatment plants for the purification of domestic wastewater of low quality is very relevant.
 The objective of the research is to ensure the high quality purified water and minimize capital and operating costs.
 To solve this problem, the methods of physical and mathematical modeling were used, as well as numerical and analytical methods for determination and analysis of the parameters of treatment facilities operation.
 To use the latest advances in science and technology in the area of small-scale wastewater treatment facilities, which are typical for rural settlements and agro-industrial enterprises, in these conditions it is proposed to use bioreactors and contact clarifying filters.
 As the research has shown, water quality indicators of purified water change during the time of water filtration Tf and depend on the velocity of water filtration Vf and a specific cleanings capacity of the filter: at the beginning their values decrease as a result of accumulation of active sludge in the subfilter space, and then they begin to rise due to the increase of hydraulic resistance to water motion and removing this residual matter into filtered water.
 The article also presents the results of investigations on changes in the content of organic compounds in filtered water during the filtration cycle Тf by the biochemical oxygen consumption value (BOCV) depending on a water filtration rate Vf, m/h, and the amount of active sludge (specific dirt content of the filter G, kg/m2), as well as the changes in the content of suspended matter Сf.i. due to the same parameters.
 The recommendations on the effective operation of wastewater treatment facilities of the proposed design that which ensure their reliable and high-performance operation, were developed.

Эффективность очистки и гидравлическое сопротивление струйно-фильтрационного пылеуловителя

The current study is aimed at the development of a methodology for calculating hydraulic resistance and the efficiency of cleaning dusty gases with a jet filter dust collector based on experimental data. This dust collector is applied in cleaning dusty gas streams of high concentration by means of a two-stage procedure. At the first stage, in order to minimise dust load, dust particles are deposited under the action of inertial forces arising from the sharp deceleration of a stream. At the second stage, a highly effective purification of the flow is ensured at the level of 98–99 % or more due to the filtering process through the bulk granular layer. Experimental studies of hydraulic resistance and cleaning efficiency of the jet and filter parts of the dust collector affected by jet velocity, nozzle design and its distance to the hopper, dust particle size and density, dust content of the gas flow, as well as dust properties, were carried out. The most significant influence on the increase in hydraulic resistance and the cleaning efficiency of the jet part was established to be exerted by the high-pressure head of the jet, the convergence angle of the nozzle and the shape of the air channel. The optimal limits of the jet velocity, the dimensions of the structural elements of the dust collector are determined, ensuring the efficiency of cleaning the dust and gas stream in the jet part by at least 80 %. Methods were developed for calculating the hydraulic resistance of the jet part of the dust collector based on the coefficients of local resistance, reducer, exhaust and air channel, depending on the density of the gas being cleaned and the average flow rate in the air channel. The hydraulic resistance of the granular filtering partition when clean, as well as during the accumulation of dust sediment, was determined. Based on the law of particle accumulation by a uniform filter as applied to granular layers, a method was developed for calculating the surface and thickness of the filter layer and the duration of the inter-regeneration cycle of the filter. The authors declare no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article.

MATHEMATICAL LOW-REYNOLDS MODELING OF HEAT EXCHANGE IIN TURBULENT FLOW IN FLAT CHANNELS WITH TURBULATORS SYMMETRICALLY LOCATED ON BOTH SIDES

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to simulate the heat transfer in flat channel with turbulators, symmetrically located on its both sides, depending on the channel's geometric parameters and the coolant flow modes followed by the verification of the obtained calculated data by the existing experiment.MethodsThe calculation was carried out on the basis of a theoretical method based on the solution of the Reynolds equations, closed with the help of the Menter shear stress transport model, by factored finite-volume method, as well as the energy equation on multiscale intersecting structured grids (Fast COmposite Mesh method, FCOM).ResultsA theoretical mathematical calculation model for intensified heat exchange in turbulent flow for a flat channel with turbulators, symmetrically located on both sides, depending on the channel's geometric parameters and coolant flow modes was generated. The calculation results of the intensified heat exchange in flat channels with double turbulators, depending on the determining parameters, are in very good agreement with the existing experimental material and have an undeniable advantage over the latter, since the assumptions made in their derivation cover a much wider range of determining parameters than the limitations of the experiments (Pr = 0.7 ч 100; Re = 103ч 106; h / dЭ= 0.005 ч 0.2; t / h= 1 ч 200). ConclusionAccording to the calculation results based on the developed model, it is possible to optimise the heat exchange intensification in flat channels with double turbulators, as well as to control the process of heat exchange intensification. The comparative calculations of the intensified hydraulic resistance and heat exchange for flat channels with two-sided symmetrical flow turbulators with corresponding data for round channels with turbulators were carried out and analysed. From the point of view of heat exchange intensification, all other conditions being equal, the reduction of a flat channel with two-sided symmetrical turbulators with respect to a round tube with turbulators takes place because a smaller increase in heat exchange is achieved with a greater increase in hydraulic resistance. It was established by calculation that the relative hydraulic resistance ξП/ ξT for channels with turbulators is always higher than for smooth channels; however, the relative heat exchange NuП/ NuT for channels with turbulators can be higher than for smooth channels. Therefore, there is an enhanced redistribution of the temperature drop over the channel section with an intensified heat exchanger. The developed theoretical method based on the solution of the Reynolds equations by the factored finite-volume method, combined with the energy equation on multiscale intersecting structured grids and closed by means of the Menter shear stress transport model, makes it possible, with reasonable accuracy, to calculate heat exchange coefficients and hydraulic resistance in flat channels of practically any forms of double symmetrically located flow turbulators.