Increase In High-density Lipoprotein Levels Research Articles

Exercise: Just What the Doctor Ordered, But Why? Elucidating Mechanisms for Women's Increased High-Density Lipoprotein Benefit From Exercise and for the Health ABC Study.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is protective against cardiovascular disease. Exercise can increase HDL concentration, and some evidence suggests that this effect occurs more strongly in women than in men. Both HDL and exercise are associated with inflammation. We hypothesized a sex-by-exercise interaction on HDL level, whereby women would benefit from exercise more strongly than men, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and serum soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 would mediate this relationship. This study included 2,957 older adult participants (1,520 women; 41% Black, 59% White; 73.6-years-old) from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Regression models revealed a positive exercise-HDL relationship in women only (sex-by-exercise interaction: β = 0.09, p = .013; exercise on HDL in women: β = 0.07, p = .015), mediated by TNFα (axb = 0.15; CI: 0.01, 0.30), suggesting that exercise may increase HDL levels in women through reduced inflammation. Given that vascular risk contributes to Alzheimer's disease risk, findings have implications for sex differences in AD risk factors.

Antidyslipidemic effect of ethanol extract of <i>Irvingia wombolu</i> seeds in high fat diet induced dyslipidemic rat

The antidyslipidemic activity of Irvingia wombolu ethanol seeds extract was studied in high fat diet induced dyslipidemic rats.Forty five (45) Wstar rats were grouped into 5 groups of 9 rats each. The animals were allowed 7 days acclimatization period. Group 1 was the control group and it received normal rat chow and water throughout the study. Groups 2 to 5 were given high fat diet for 14 days after which they were given normal rat chow till the end of the study. At the end of the 14 days, group 2 was not treated while group 3-5 were treated with 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg b.w ethanol extract of Irvingia wombolu seeds respectively for 28 days. The lipid profile of animals was evaluated three times: first after 14 days induction period (phase 1) i.e day 0 of treatment, second was taken 14 days after treatment (phase 2), third was taken 28 days after treatment (phase 3). The study lasted for 49 days and dimethyl sulphoxide was used as a vehicle for the extract. In phase 1, all the groups fed with high fat diet showed an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) triglyceride, total cholesterol and a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. In phase 2 there was a decrease in LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol level in addition to increase in HDL for animals in all the treatment groups. It was observed that in phase 3 only 250mg/kg group showed a progressive decrease in LDL, triglyceride, total cholesterol and an increase in HDL levels while 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w showed an increase in LDL, triglyceride and total cholesterol level and a decrease in HDL. The result of the present study demonstrated the antidyslipidemic effect of ethanol extract of Irvingia wombolu seeds at lower dose.

Metabolic effects of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus might be mitigated by grape pomace flour

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to varying metabolic insults. Grape pomace, a byproduct of the winemaking industry, is under investigation as a potential therapy for T2DM due to its abundant content of bioactive polyphenols and dietary fiber. Within the current backdrop of environmental concerns, the conversion of grape pomace into a safe and applicable form, with the aim of promoting sustainable management of environmental waste, acts as a catalyst for the emergence of viable alternatives. Grape pomace flour (GPF) represents an economical and feasible solution. We hypothesized that dietary supplementation of GPF would improve the glycemic control and the associated risk factors in T2DM-induced animals. In this sense, the present study, approved by CEUA UFPel No 033578/2022-14, aimed to evaluate the effect of the GPF from ‘Arinto’ and ‘Touriga Nacional’ grape varieties on biochemical and histopathological parameters in an animal model of T2DM. To induce T2DM, rats were given a high-fat diet and a Streptozotocin (STZ) injection (35 mg/kg). The rats were divided into five groups: Control (CT), T2DM, T2DM+Metformin (Met) (250 mg/kg), T2DM+'Arinto' GPF 10% (WGPF), and T2DM+'Touriga Nacional' GPF 10% (RGPF). Results showed that Met, WGPF, and RGPF groups had significantly lower blood glucose ( p<0.05, P<0.001, and p<0.01, respectively) and triglyceride levels ( p<0.001) compared to the T2DM group. Also, we observed a significant increase in serum cholesterol levels in the T2DM when compared to the CT ( p<0.01), that was reversed in the treated groups. Additionally, the T2DM+RGPF group had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) compared to the control group ( p<0.05). Histopathological analysis revealed structural changes in the pancreas in the T2DM animals, while tissue damage was not observed in the Met and GPF supplementation groups. In conclusion, both 'Arinto' and 'Touriga Nacional' GPF demonstrated protective effects against increased blood glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels in a T2DM animal model. 'Touriga Nacional' GPF also increased HDL levels and showed protective effects on pancreatic cell structure. This suggests that GPF could be a promising dietary option for T2DM and its complications. FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology (UIDB/04567/2020 CBIOS, and UIDP/04567/2020 CBIOS), Pelotas Federal University (UFPel), and Brazil's Federal Government (CNPq). This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Effects of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Mangifera haden Seeds on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

The present study investigated the effects of ethyl acetate fraction of Mangifera haden seeds on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in wistar albino rats. The phytochemical compositions and acute toxicity studies of crude extract and Mangifera haden seed fraction were determined using standard methods. Albino rats (60) randomly grouped into twelve of five rats each were used for this study. Determination of total bilirubin and protein, lipid peroxidation, liver enzymes marker, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione, lipid profile analysis and histological examination were carried out using standard methods. Phytochemical constituents of crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Mangifera haden seed showed that they contain relative amount of flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, triterpenes, alkaloids and coumarins. Liver injury was induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at a dose of 1.0 ml/kg body weight of the animals. All the CCl4 intoxicated rats displayed hyperlipidemia as shown by their elevated levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and reduction in high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. The administration of ethyl acetate fraction of Mangifera haden seeds significantly (P = 0.05) lowered the levels of serum TC, TAG, LDL, and increased HDL levels. The level of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly (P = 0.05) increased in the CCl4 group as compared to the normal and treated groups. The elevated level of serum MDA decreased (P = 0.05) significantly at the treatment of rats with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of ethyl acetate fraction. The rats treated with CCl4 produced significant (P = 0.05) increase in serum ALT, AST and ALP when compared to the normal group. Animals treated with varying doses of ethyl acetate fraction produced significant (P = 0.05) reduction of serum ALT, AST and ALP activities when compared to the CCl4-untreated group. The activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) and glutathione concentration significantly (P = 0.05) decreased in CCl4­-untreated group compared to the normal group. The decreased activities of the antioxidant enzymes and glutathione concentration in CCl4 intoxicated rats were ameliorated/modulated more effectively in rats treated with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg ethyl acetate fraction of Mangifera haden seed. Total bilirubin (TB) concentrations significantly (P = 0.05) increased in CCl4-untreated group when compared to the normal group. Oral treatment of rats with varying doses (200, 400, 600 mg/kg) of ethyl acetate fraction caused a significant (P = 0.05) decrease in the serum TB levels. Administration of CCl4 showed a reduction in serum total proteins. Treatment of the animals with 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg of ethyl acetate fraction caused significant (P = 0.05) increase in serum total potein. Histological examination showed hepatoprotective properties of plant’s fractions. The compounds found in the different fractions (ethyl acetate and n-hexane) of Mangifera haden seeds are 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, (Z) –Oleic acid and so on. Therefore the medicinal importance of the plant is been established.

Comparison of Metformin and Myoinositol on Clinical, Hormonal and Metabolic Profile of Patients with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Open-label Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction: The prevalence of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), one of the common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age, varies from 2.2% to 26% globally. The treatment for PCOS aims to reduce Body Mass Index (BMI), improve underlying hormonal disturbances, prevent future reproductive and metabolic complications, and enhance the quality of life. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of metformin and Myoinositol (MI) on the metabolic, hormonal, and clinical profiles in PCOS. Materials and Methods: An open-label randomised clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Chengelpet, Tamil Nadu, India, from January 2019 to May 2020. The study included 80 women with PCOS who were randomly assigned to two groups. One group received metformin 1500 mg/day (in three divided doses), while the other group received MI 1 gram/day for three months. At the end of the 12-week therapy, the participants were evaluated for changes in clinical, metabolic, and hormonal profiles. The data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, proportion, mean, and standard deviation were used for quantitative data. Results: Both the metformin and MI-treated groups showed a significant reduction in BMI, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin. Both drugs were equally effective in changing the hormonal profile. There was a significant improvement in lipid parameters in both groups, with High-density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels being more significantly raised in the metformin group. The post-treatment HDL values in the metformin group were 75.69±19.16 mg/dL compared to 41.43±6.18 mg/dL in the MI group (p<0.0001). Both groups demonstrated similar efficacy in improving menstrual regularity, with 60% of the patients in the metformin group and 65% in the MI group having regular cycles at the end of treatment. Among infertility patients, the conception rate was 40% in the metformin group and 25% in the MI group (p=0.70). Conclusion: Both drugs were equally efficient in improving the clinical, metabolic, and hormonal profiles in PCOS. Metformin was found to be superior to MI in improving fertility and increasing HDL levels.

Fatty acid profiles and cholesterol of muscovy duck meats supplemented with cellulase, carnitine and fish oil

This present study was carried out to investigate the inclusion effect of carnitine, cellulase, and fish oil on fatty acids composition and cholesterol level of Muscovy duck eggs. A total of 120 Muscovy ducks in laying period were utilized and assigned into 4 dietary treatments, 5 replicates consisting of 6 ducks each, receiving treatments for 90 days. Experimental groups composed of T0 = basal ration, T1 = T0 supplemented with 0,1% cellulase, T2 = T1 supplemented with L-carnitine 40 ppm, and T3 = T2 supplemented with 4% tuna fish oil. This study revealed that the effects of fish oil and L-carnitine supplementation in rations containing cellulase enzyme significantly lower cholesterol level (P<0.01) of Muscovy duck eggs from 867.42 mg/dl to 712.33 mg/dl, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) from 28.33 to 22.12 mg/dl, saturated fatty acids from 30.88% to 25.02%. Meanwhile it increased the total concentration of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) from 71.67 to 77.88 mg/dl, unsaturated fatty acid from 69.12% to 74.98%, linolenic acids from 5.71% to 8.40%, and linoleic acids from 28.74% to 37.30%. A diet rich in cellulase enzyme, carnitine, and fish oil notably increased HDL level, along with the reduction of LDL and total cholesterol.

Effects of biologic drug therapy on body weight, appetite, and blood lipid profile in patients with psoriasis

Obesity and dyslipidemia are frequently observed in patients with psoriasis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biological therapy on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), appetite, and blood lipid profiles in patients with psoriasis. A total of 83 patients receiving biologic therapy (n=44) [anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) (n=5), interleukin (IL)-12/23 inhibitor (n=13), IL-17 inhibitor (n=20), and IL-23 inhibitor (n=6)] and conventional therapy (n=39) [methotrexate (MTX) (n=25) and acitretin (n=14)] were included in the study. The patient’s baseline and current BW, BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plasma triglyceride values, and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) were retrospectively screened. Appetite was assessed with the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ). The mean BW percent change values were found to increase by 2.40±2.30 kg, 2.38±4.13 kg, and 0.40±3.47 kg in patients taking anti-TNFα, IL-12/23 inhibitor, and IL-17 inhibitor agents, respectively, decrease by -0.60±0.89 kg in those receiving an IL-23 inhibitor; increase by 0.52±3.40 kg and 1.38±2.79 kg in those receiving MTX and acitretin, respectively. The triglyceride percent change rates increased with MTX (27.46±52.87 mg/dl) (p=0.029). Anti-TNFα and ixekizumab increased HDL percent change rates (21.44±20.99 mg/dl and 24.4±35.40 mg/dl, respectively) (p=0.044 and p=0.005). Although the SNAQ scores were similar in patients using conventional and biological drugs, a negative correlation was observed between the SNAQ scores and the PASI change (p=0.049, r=-0.221). In addition, an increase in BMI had a negative correlation with the PASI change (p=0.01, r=-0.282). Anti-TNFα and IL-12-23 inhibitors increased BW. While MTX increased triglyceride levels, anti-TNFα and ixekizumab increased HDL levels. In the treatment of psoriasis, the presence of obesity and blood lipid profiles should be considered in the selection of the appropriate treatment for each patient.

Effect of camel milk on lipid profile among patients with diabetes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials

The effects of camel milk (CM) intake on lipid profile among patients with diabetes remain controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed to calculate the effect size of CM intake on blood lipids among patients with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. We searched nine databases from inception until December 31, 2022, to identify relevant RCTs. Effect sizes for total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were calculated and expressed using mean differences (MD) and confidence intervals (CI). Of 4,054 retrieved articles, 10 RCTs (a total of 347 participants aged 8–70 years, 60.5% male) were eligible for inclusion. The pooled results from a random-effects model showed statistically significant decreases in TC (MD − 21.69, 95% CI: 41.05, − 2.33; p = 0.03; I2=99%), TG (MD − 19.79, 95% CI: −36.16, − 3.42; p=0.02, I2=99%), and LDL (MD −11.92, CI: −20.57, −3.26; p = 0.007, I2=88%), and a significant increase in HDL (MD 10.37, 95% CI, 1.90, 18.84; p=0.02, I2=95%) in patients with diabetes supplemented with CM compared with usual care alone. Subgroup analysis revealed that only long-term interventions (> 6 months) elicited a significant reduction in TC levels and TG levels. Consumption of fresh CM by patients with diabetes resulted in significant reductions in TC, TG, and LDL levels, while showing a significant increase in HDL levels. Patients with T1D elicited a more beneficial effect in lowering TC, LDL, and TG levels and in increasing HDL levels than their corresponding partners with T2D. In conclusion, long-term consumption of CM for patients with diabetes, especially those with T1D, could be a useful adjuvant therapy to improve lipid profile alongside prescribed medications. However, the high heterogeneity in the included studies suggests that more RCTs with larger sample sizes and longer intervention durations are required to improve the robustness of the available evidence.

The effect of acarbose on lipid profiles in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials

PurposeDyslipidemia, characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Several studies have shown the potential of acarbose in improving serum lipid markers. However, there have been conflicting results on the topic in adults. Therefore, a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the impact of acarbose on lipid profiles.MethodsThe random-effects approach was used to combine the data, and the results were provided as weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsOur meta-analysis included a total of 74 studies with a combined sample size of 7046 participants. The results of the analysis showed that acarbose resulted in a reduction in levels of TG (WMD = − 13.43 mg/dl, 95% CI: − 19.20, − 7.67; P < 0.001) and TC (WMD = − 1.93 mg/dl, 95% CI: − 3.71, − 0.15; P = 0.033), but did not affect other lipid markers. When conducting a nonlinear dose-response analysis, we found that acarbose was associated with an increase in levels of HDL (coefficients = 0.50, P = 0.012), with the highest increase observed at a dosage of 400 mg/d. Furthermore, our findings suggested a non-linear relationship between the duration of the intervention and TC (coefficients = − 18.00, P = 0.032), with a decline observed after 50 weeks of treatment.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that acarbose can reduce serum levels of TG and TC. However, no significant effects were observed on LDL or HDL levels.

ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC EFFECT OF CORN SILK ETHANOL EXTRACT (Stigma maydis) ON HIGH FAT DIET INDUCED WHITE RATS

Hyperlipidemia is a state when there is an elevation in total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and a reduction in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) levels. The aim of this research is to investigate the antihyperlipidaemic effects of corn silk and determine the effective dosage of corn silk for reducing cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and increasing HDL levels in male rats induced by a high-fat diet and PTU. This experiment utilized 24 male Wistar rats divided into six groups, each consisting of individuals aged 2-3 months and weighing between 200 and 250 grams. The groups were labelled as follows: negative control (Na CMC0.5%), positive control, comparison (simvastatin), and treatment I, II, III (with extract doses of 50 mg/KgBW, 100 mg/KgBW, and 150 mg/KgBW). The rats were administered a high-fat diet and propylthiouracil for a period of seven days to induce an increase in cholesterol levels. For the subsequent seven days, the extract was administered. The study results demonstrate that corn silk extract can significantly decrease cholesterol by 46%, 49% and 51%, and LDL by 57%, 61% and 67%, and that corn hair extract can decrease triglycerides by 60%, 65% and 67%, and increase HDL by 21%, 24% and 28%. Thus, it can be concluded that corn silk extract possesses antihyperlipidemic activity with significant value (p&lt;0.005), and the most effective dose for lipid reduction is 150 mg/Kg BB.

The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training in Reducing the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Obese Type-I Individuals

Background This study aimed to investigate the potential of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in a specific population. Methods A quasi-experimental design was employed; involving 20 young adults aged 25-30 recruited from a fitness centre. The participants underwent an 8 weeks high-intensity exercise program consisting of 3 weekly sessions. Baseline measurements of body mass, height, BMI, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL levels were taken before the intervention. Post-intervention measurements were obtained at the end of the 8 weeks. Results The results demonstrated significant improvements in various parameters following the 8 weeks workout program. BMI decreased from 32.2±1.42 to 31.67±1.45, while cholesterol levels decreased from 221.37±9.3 to 201±9.64, indicating a reduction in total cholesterol. Triglyceride levels decreased from 181.5±10.98 to 170.1±11.93. LDL values decreased from 144.5±8.9 to 134.2±8.13, indicating a decrease in low-density lipoprotein. Additionally, HDL levels increased from 36.53±4.53 to 46±5.44, reflecting an increase in high-density lipoprotein levels. All these changes were statistically significant (p≤0.005). Conclusion The findings suggest that HIIT is an efficient and effective exercise for sedentary and inactive young males. The study supports using HIIT as a non-pharmacological approach to improve physical well-being, enhance fitness, and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. HIIT provides a time- and cost-efficient alternative for individuals with limited exercise time who still desire optimal health and fitness outcomes. Keywords Cardiovascular Diseases, High-Intensity Interval Training, Sedentary Lifestyle, Young Adults.

Synthesis, characterization and hypolipidemic effects of urazine derivatives on rat: Study of molecular modeling and enzyme inhibition

The prevalence of hyperlipidemia has increased dramatically worldwide. It is a major public health threat, characterized by the presence of an abnormal lipid profile, primarily with elevated serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels, and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level. Genetic factors, dietary and lifestyle habits play important roles in hyperlipidemia. It can increase the risk of chronic metabolic disorders, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type II diabetes. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of urazine derivatives on serum triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and nitric oxide (NO) levels in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Synthetic compounds were prepared and confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Then, 88 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 11 groups: control, HFD-treated group, HFD plus atorvastatin-treated group, and HFD plus 8 synthetic compounds-treated groups. The body weight, triglyceride, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and NO levels were measured. The data with p < 0.05 were considered significant. The results indicated that HFD significantly increased cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels and decreased NO concentration and HDL level compared to the control group (p < 0.05). However, HFD plus urazine derivatives significantly decreased NO, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and increased HDL levels compared to the HFD-treated group (p < 0.05). Urazine derivatives may improve liver dysfunction in HFD-induced hyperlipidemic rats by modulation of detoxification enzymes and their anti-oxidant effects and also blood lipid profile.

Literature Review: The Role of Medium Chain-Triglyceride (MCT) in Improving Lipid Profiles in Dyslipidemia

Background: Dyslipidemia is a lipid metabolism disorder that causes changes in plasma lipoprotein function and/or levels of Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Administration of Medium Chain Triglyceride (MCT) is a non-pharmacological therapy that effectively improves lipid profiles and reduces the risk of dyslipidemia. Objectives: This study aimed to conduct a literature study regarding the role of MCTs in improving lipid profiles in dyslipidemic conditions. Discussion: MCT has a role in improving the lipid profile. One food source that contains MCT, which has a role in improving total blood cholesterol, TG, and LDL levels, is Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). About 60% of MCFA in VCO consists of 52% lauric acid and 12% myristic acid, which can benefit lipid metabolism. In addition, foods containing MCTs have a role in lowering blood cholesterol levels and reducing TG levels. Not only do they play a role in reducing total cholesterol, TG, and LDL levels, but MCTs also increase HDL concentrations. Conclusions: MCTs have a role in improving lipid profiles in dyslipidemic conditions, namely by increasing HDL levels and lowering TG, total cholesterol, and LDL levels.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF JAMBLANG LEAVES (Syzygium cumini L.) IN INCREASING HDL LEVELS IN WISTAR RATS MODELS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME

One of the characteristics of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is the low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Jamblang leaves (Syzygium cumini L.) contain various phytochemicals, which have antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant properties. This study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of ethanol extract of jamblang leaves in increasing HDL levels in the Wistar rats model of MetS. A pretest-posttest with a control group design was conducted using 30 male Wistar rats, divided into five groups randomly, with six rats for each group. Here, KN means normal control group, K- negative control group, and P1, P2, and P3: treatment groups that were administered the 100 mg/kg/day, 150 mg/kg/day, and 200 mg/kg/day of ethanol extract of jamblang leaves for 28 days, respectively. The rat MetS model was developed by administering the high-fat fructose diet and streptozotocin-nicotinamide. The data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). This study found that extract administration in P2 and P3 increased HDL levels significantly, but not with the P1 group. However, HDL levels in P1 were significantly higher compared to the K- group. Moreover, increasing the dose was significantly followed by higher HDL levels, although the highest dose did not reach the HDL level as in the KN group.

PERBANDINGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK JENIS AEROBIK DAN ANAEROBIK TERHADAP KADAR HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL)

PERBANDINGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK JENIS AEROBIK DAN ANAEROBIK TERHADAP KADAR HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL)

Pengaruh Kombinasi Metformin dan Ekstrak Kunyit terhadap Kadar High Density Lipoprotein, Interleukin-6 dan Tumor Necrosis Factor-a

A decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) happens in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The cytokines TNFa and IL-6 are proinflammatory cytokines that are elevated in the blood in many patients with DM. Turmeric is one of the natural ingredients with antioxidant, anti-cholesterol, and anti-inflammatory properties through its active substance, curcumin. Objective: To prove the effectiveness of the combination of metformin and turmeric extract on HDL levels, TNFa levels, and IL-6 levels in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-induced Wistar rats. Methods: The study used a post-test-only controlled group design. The subjects were 24 male Wistar rats which were randomly divided into four groups, namely K1, K2, P1, and P2. The whole group was a type 2 DM model induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide. Group K2 was given metformin 45mg/KgBW/day, group P1 was given turmeric extract at a dose of 200 mg/KgBW/day, and group P2 was given a combination of metformin and turmeric extract. On day 15, blood was drawn for HDL, IL-6, and TNFa examination. The data were analyzed using the one-way Anova test. Results: The mean HDL level in the P2 group (72,4±33,31) was the highest compared to the other three groups. The lowest mean TNFa level among the four groups was the P2 group (7,56±0,44). The lowest mean levels of IL-6 were obtained in the P2 group (58,82±2,15). One-way Anova test on HDL, IL-6, and TNFa levels showed a significant difference between groups with p-value = 0.000. Conclusion: The combination of metformin and turmeric extract can increase HDL levels and reduce IL-6 levels and TNFa levels better than giving metformin or turmeric extract alone.Keywords: turmeric extract, HDL, IL-6, TNFa

Abstract TP226: Impact Of Apolipoprotein A-i In The Attenuation Of Stroke And Stroke Symptoms

Apolipoprotein AI is the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles in plasma. Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF and IL-1β repress the production of ApoA-I from hepatocytes and increase the expression of serum amyloid A (SAA), which becomes the major protein component of HDL in this context. Consequently, lipid-poor ApoA-I is rapidly catabolized in the liver and the kidney. These findings could be meaningful if ApoA-I, in addition to its proimmune features, had anti-inflammatory potential. In this way, removal of ApoA-I could intensify the inflammatory response, resulting in a more robust effect. Recent studies have suggested that serum apolipoprotein A1 maybe a predictor and prognostic biomarker in acute ischemic stroke in humans. To understand the impact of ApoA-I in stroke, we have begun to analyze the role of ApoA-I in mouse models of stroke. Mice with reduced or deficient in ApoA-I and subjected to ischemia and reperfusion injury or permanent ischemia, had increased inflammatory responses, larger infarct volumes, and poorer outcomes than wildtype mice. Mice transgenic for the human ApoA-I gene showed a level of protection not seen in the wildtype mice when given an ischemic injury. Administration of AAV human ApoA-I increased HDL levels in deficient mice and provided protection against ischemic injury. Additionally, drugs to enhance ApoA-I expression showed protection against strokes in the mouse models. These studies, along with subsequent investigations will provide a better understanding and potential therapeutic approaches in the field of stroke.

The interplay between prolactin and cardiovascular disease.

Hyperprolactinemia can be caused by several conditions and its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis are understood in more detail. Nevertheless, in recent decades, other metabolic effects have been studied and data pointed to a potential increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. A recent study showed a decrease in total and LDL- cholesterol only in men with prolactinoma treated with dopamine agonists (DA) supporting the previous results of a population study with increased CVD risk in men harboring prolactinoma. However, other population studies did not find a correlation between prolactin (PRL) levels and CVD risk or mortality. There is also data pointing to an increase in high-density lipoprotein levels, and decreases in triglycerides, carotid-intima-media thickness, C-reactive protein, and homocysteine levels in patients with prolactinoma on DA treatment. PRL was also implicated in endothelial dysfunction in pre and postmenopausal women. Withdrawal of DA resulted in negative changes in vascular parameters and an increase in plasma fibrinogen. It has been shown that PRL levels were positively correlated with blood pressure and inversely correlated with dilatation of the brachial artery and insulin sensitivity, increased homocysteine levels, and elevated D-dimer levels. Regarding possible mechanisms for the association between hyperprolactinemia and CVD risk, they include a possible direct effect of PRL, hypogonadism, and even effects of DA treatment, independently of changes in PRL levels. In conclusion, hyperprolactinemia seems to be associated with impaired endothelial function and DA treatment could improve CVD risk. More studies evaluating CVD risk in hyperprolactinemic patients are important to define a potential indication of treatment beyond hypogonadism.

Antioxidants and Antihyperlipidemia Test of Ethanol Extract of Indonesian Plant Sambang Getih Leaves (Hemigraphis Bicolor Boerl.) In Hyperlipidemia Mice

AIM: Sambih getih leaves (SGL) contain flavonoids acting as an antioxidant and antihyperlipidemia. The purpose of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity and antihyperlipidemia effect of Ethanol Extract of Sambang Getih Leaves (EESGL). METHODS: EESGL was tested for antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. Antihyperlipidemia test of SGL is done by looking at blood lipid parameters, that are total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of SGL and atorvastatin showed that Inhibition Concentration (IC50) values are 24.15 and 86.75 ppm. In vivo test was divided into six groups: Normal, negative, positive (atorvastatin), low dose 487.5, medium dose 975, and high dose 1950 mg/kg dose groups. RESULTS: Measurements of Malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma levels of mice on that groups on 21st day were 1.91 ± 0.51; 5.86 ± 0.57; 2.18 ± 0.55; 4.33 ± 0.16; 3.08 ± 0.06; and 1.82 ± 0.19 nmol/mL. Measurements of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity for each group were 193.29 ± 3.36; 89.41 ± 2.84; 192.46 ± 4.25; 175.53 ± 1.71; 191.53 ± 3.34; and 192.83 ± 2.88 U/mL. Results of total cholesterol level of positive (atorvastatin), low, medium, and high dose group were 62.16%, 40.50%, 48.55%, and 59.52%. The decrease in triglyceride levels was 48.94%, 27.78%, 34.27%, and 54.02%. The decrease in LDL levels was 82.77%, 57.43%, 65.18%, and 77.67%. Increased HDL levels were 20.24%, 17.94%, 17.08%, and 17.84%. CONCLUSION: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the EESGL have antioxidant activity and antihyperlipidemia but is not as good as atorvastatin.

Effect of one hour kick boxing exercise on lipid profile

Background: Physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle are contributory factors for increased risk of obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and related complications, namely cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases, namely atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke are very common cardiovascular complications of uncontrolled hyperlipidemia. On the other hand, regular physical exercise decreases weight and body fat deposits. Regular exercise also increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and therefore decreases the risk of atherosclerosis. Different studies on the effects of acute one session of exercise on lipid profile have shown variable results. Our study aimed to study effects of 1 h intensive exercise on the lipid profile of females performing regular exercise for 1 year. The lipid profile study included total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density cholesterol low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and HDL cholesterol. Aims and Objectives: (1) To compare blood levels of TC and TG before exercise and immediately after 1 h exercise (2) To compare blood levels of HDL, LDL, and VLDL before exercise and immediately after 1 h exercise. Materials and Methods: The study included 30 females in the age group of 20–50 years. Exercise included warming up for 10 min, followed by intense exercise for 40 min and then the last 10 min of relaxing exercise. Kickboxing exercise included upper limb and lower limb movements mimicking punching. Blood samples were collected from the antecubital vein with all aseptic precautions. Two blood samples were collected. First sample before the exercise and the second sample was immediately after 1 h of intense exercise. 2 mL blood was collected in a container without any anticoagulant. A lipid profile study for TC, TG, HDL, LDL, and VLDL was done using the automated biochemical analyzer. Results: In our study, the post exercise samples showed a significant increase in HDL levels and significantly decreased levels of TC, TG, LDL and VLDL. Conclusion: The effects of one session of intense exercise on lipid profile in females are beneficial as HDL levels are increased and TG, LDL and VLDL levels are decreased. These results are encouraging and useful for promoting females for regular exercise. This is very important for perimenopausal and postmenopausal females, as after menopause females are more prone for hypercholesterolemia due to a lack of estrogen.