Increased HDL Levels Research Articles

Comparative effect of olive oil and flaxseed oil on drug induced hepatotoxicity in rats

AbstractThis study investigates the hepatoprotective effects of olive oil and flaxseed oil on chemically induced hepatotoxicity in rats by evaluating key biochemical parameters, including free fatty acids, iodine value, liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, AST), cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL levels. The results demonstrated significant improvements in these markers with the administration of olive oil and flaxseed oil, either individually or in combination. The free fatty acid percentages and iodine values were consistent with the known nutritional properties of the oils. Notably, the combination of olive oil and flaxseed oil yielded the most substantial benefits, reducing ALP (115.53 ± 0.44 U/L), ALT (50.77 ± 1.46 U/L), and AST (52.12 ± 0.36 U/L) levels while improving lipid profiles by lowering cholesterol (135.4 ± 1.43 mg/dL) and triglyceride levels (57.14 ± 2.35 mg/dL) and increasing HDL levels (49.20 ± 0.45 mg/dL). These findings suggest that olive oil and flaxseed oil, due to their antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, can effectively mitigate liver damage and promote lipid metabolism. The study supports the potential therapeutic application of these oils in managing liver health and preventing hepatotoxicity.

A comparative study of hypolipidemic effect of atorvastatin and Coriandrum sativum in triton-induced hyperlipidemic albino rat model

Background: Hyperlipidemia is the main factor responsible for coronary artery disease. Atorvastatin commonly used, as a competitive inhibitor of HMG-Co-A reductase, is known to reduce LDL and triglyceride levels and increase HDL levels. Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) belongs to the Apiaceae family and has hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. Triton WR1339 has been used by several studies to induce hypercholesterolemia in animals which acts on both the synthesis and excretory phase. This study aimed to compare the hypolipidemic effect of Coriandrum sativum and atorvastatin in triton-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Methods: Following approval from the Institutional Animal Ethics committee, 36 Wistar albino rats were divided into 6 groups of 6 animals each. Triton 200mg IP was administered to all the groups except Group 1 (control). Groups 3 and 4 received Coriander extract 300mg/kg and Atorvastatin 80mg/kg orally with Triton. Groups 5 and 6 received Coriander extract and Atorvastatin respectively 22 hours later. Lipid profile was estimated 24 hours before, 24 and 48 hours after administering Triton. Results: In the synthesis phase, there is a statistically significant increase in the lipid levels in Groups 2, 5, and 6 compared to Groups 3 and, 4 indicating hypolipidemic effects of both Coriander extract and Atorvastatin. In the excretory phase, all groups have shown a decrease in lipid levels but a decrease in total cholesterol level in Group 5 compared to Group 3 was significant. Conclusions: Atorvastatin and Coriander extract both affect the lipid levels in the synthesis and excretory phase. Even though coriander cannot replace atorvastatin in the management of hyperlipidemia, it can be used as an adjuvant to atorvastatin to reduce the cost effects and adverse reactions caused by allopathic medicines.

Loureirin B Reduces Insulin Resistance and Chronic Inflammation in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Upregulating GPR120 and Activating the LKB1/AMPK Signaling Pathway.

Polycystic ovary yndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic disorder in women, which is usually associated with insulin resistance (IR) and chronic inflammation. Loureirin B (LrB) can effectively improve insulin resistance and alleviate chronic inflammation, and in order to investigate the therapeutic effect of LrB on polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance (PCOS-IR), we conducted animal experiments. A PCOS-IR rat model was established by feeding a high-fat diet combined with letrozole (1 mg/kg·d for 21 days). The rats were treated with the GPR120 agonists TUG-891 and LrB for 4 weeks. Biochemical parameters (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein), hormone levels (serum insulin, E2, T, LH, and FSH), and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18) were analyzed. Histopathological analyses of ovaries were performed using hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) staining. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to assess GPR120, NLRP3, and caspase-1 expression in ovaries, and immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate LKB1 and AMPK protein expression. LrB reduced body weight, Lee's index, ovarian index, ovarian area, and volume in PCOS-IR rats. It lowered fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and HOMA-IR. LrB decreased total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels and increased HDL levels. It reduced serum T, LH, and LH/FSH and raised serum E2 and FSH levels. LrB downregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3 and Caspase-1, increased the protein and mRNA expression levels of GPR120 in rat ovaries, and increased LKB1 and AMPK protein expression in ovaries, ameliorating ovarian histopathological changes in PCOS-IR rats. Taken together, LrB upregulated GPR120, LKB1, and AMPK protein expression, downregulated NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein expression, reduced insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, and ameliorated histopathological changes in ovarian tissues in PCOS rats, suggesting its potential as a treatment for PCOS.

Effect of Bezafibrate and Ginkgo biloba Extract Combination on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Rats

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the possible synergistic effect of bezafibrate and ginkgo biloba (GKB) extract on cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. Methods: Thirty rats were allocated into 5 groups: The negative control group was treated daily with 1 ml of distilled water orally by gavage tube; the positive control received doxorubicin 3.7 mg/kg on day 11 for 3 days intraperitoneally; the bezafibrate group received 100mg/kg orally by gavage tube; the GKB group received 60mg/kg orally by gavage tube; and the combination of bezafibrate and GKB group. All the groups received the doxorubicin protocol, with an exception for the negative control. The treatment continued for 14 days. On day 14, blood samples were taken for the measurement of serum levels of troponin, natriuretic peptide, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), IL-6, and total lipid profile. The atherogenic index, cardiac risk, and LDL/HDL ratios were calculated. Cardiac tissues were sent for histopathological analysis. Results: Both bezafibrate and GKB exhibited attenuation of troponin, natriuretic peptides, CPK, IL-6, TG, cardiac risk ratio, and atherogenic index, as well as an increase in HDL levels. However, the combination group showed the greatest effect compared to the positive control group. The histopathological findings supported the biochemical outcomes. Conclusions: Combining GKB extract and bezafibrate protects against cardiac injury by restoring injury markers and IL-6, as well as improving the lipid profile, cardiac risk ratio, and atherogenic index.

Role of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Aegle marmelos (AM) Leaves and Tamarindus indica (TI) Seeds on High Fat High Sugar Diet Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rodent Models

Hyperlipidemia is an increase in plasma levels of lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides) and various lipoproteins. Though many drugs have been used for controlling hyperlipidemia, yet most of them have unpleasant side effects, which has stimulated the search for natural remedies. Hypolipidemic activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Aegle marmelos (AM) leaves and Tamarindus indica (TI) seed alone and in combination on High Fat High Sugar (Fructose) Diet (HFHSD) induced hyperlipidemia in male rats was evaluated in this study. Out of 54 male Sprague Dawley rats, six received standard diet (Group I, normal control) throughout the study. The remaining 48 rats were fed orally with HFHSD for 30 days to induce hyperlipidemia (plasma cholesterol level >200 mg/dL). For the next thirty days, rats which had received HFHSD were divided into 8 groups with six animals in each. Group II- HFHSD control received standard diet, Group III- positive control (Niacin, 100 mg/kg/day), Group IV - AM25 (25 mg/kg/day), Group V - AM50 (50 mg/kg/day), Group VI - TI25 (25 mg/kg/day), Group VII - TI50 (50mg/kg/day), Groups VIII - AM25+TI25 (25 + 25 mg/kg/day) and Group IX - AM50+TI50 (50 + 50 mg/kg/day). Treatment of HFHSD fed rats with each extract alone and in combination resulted in a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL and increase in HDL levels. Treatment with AM50+TI50 significantly lowered plasma cholesterol (p<0.001), triglycerides (p<0.001) and increased HDL cholesterol levels (p<0.05), in comparison to positive control. Both the extracts alone and in combination exerted hypolipidemic effect in rats.

Evaluation of the Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Encapsulated Octacosanol for Lipid-Lowering Effect Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidaemia in Experimental Rats.

Background: Elevated blood lipid levels, or hyperlipidemia, are the main risk factors for cardiovascular illnesses and are frequently brought on by high-fat diets. Objectives: In this work, high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in experimental rats is used to examine the antihyperlipidemic efficacy of a test formulation containing 1-octacosanol. Method: A healthy female Wistar rat was utilized for investigation, separated into four groups: normal, disease, standard control, and test group, receiving the 1-octacosanol formulation. Results: Hyperlipidemia was induced in the rats through a high-fat diet over 28 days, followed by a 28-day treatment period. Various parameters, including lipid profile (LDL, TC, TG, VLDL, HDL), body weight and antioxidant properties (MDA, SOD, GSH), were evaluated. The results showed that the 1-octacosanol formulation significantly reduced body weight and improved lipid profiles by decreasing levels of TC, TG, LDL and VLDL while increasing HDL levels. Additionally, the formulation exhibited notable antioxidant properties, contributing to its lipid-lowering effects. Statistical analysis using ANOVA and multiple comparison tests confirmed the significance of these findings, underscoring the therapeutic potential of 1-octacosanol in managing hyperlipidemia and mitigating associated cardiovascular risks. Conclusion: The test formulation of 1-octacosanol demonstrated a significant antihyperlipidemic effect in rats with high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia. The treatment effectively reduced serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL while increasing HDL cholesterol levels. These marks suggest that 1-octacosanol has the potential as a therapeutic agent for managing hyperlipidemia, a key risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF PRECONDITIONED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a multifactorial and inflammatory disease the cause of which is the formation of lipid and cholesterol plaques on the inner wall of blood vessels. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is, in particular, connected with inflammatory reactions. Recent studies reported that preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess an enhanced immunomodulatory potential. The purpose of the study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of preconditioned MSCs in the development of atherosclerosis. MSCs were isolated from the compact bone of mice by standard protocol. The characterization was conducted using flow cytometry, CFU assay and three-lineage differentiation. Cells were preconditioned with different combinations of cytokines and the optimal concentrations were determined by ELISA and by analysis of co-culturing with lymphocytes. The cytokine-preconditioned MSCs were administrated to mice with induced atherosclerosis. The lipids analysis, measuring of mouse spleens’ weights, ELISA and histological analysis of the aorta sections were done after 8-th weeks. We isolated MSCs and then confirmed the possession of the immunomodulatory properties. Preconditioning with the TNF-α cytokine effectively increased the immunomodulatory properties of MSCs compared to untreated MSCs in vitro. The results of in vivo study that the use of TNF-α-preconditioned MSCs reduced the development of atherosclerosis in mice compared to untreated MSCs: it increased the level of Treg cells in the spleen of mice; significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ in blood serum; significantly reduced the spleen weights of mice; slightly decreased the total cholesterol levels and also increased HDL levels. Administration of TNF-α-preconditioned MSCs reduced the size of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta of mice. The results of this study demonstrated the effect of cytokine-preconditioned MSCs in the inhibition of the development of atherosclerosis in a mouse model. However, for application as a therapy for suffered patients additional studies are needed. Besides, using of TNF-α preconditioned MSCs can be considered in other preclinical studies of the different diseases.

Effect of consumption of cookies made with Andean crops on biochemical indicators in recently weaned Wistar rats

Andean crops such as quinoa, cañihua and tarwi have high nutritional value; however, their consumption has lower demand compared to traditional cereals such as wheat, rice, barley and soybean. Therefore, the aim is to evaluate the effect of its incorporation in the diet on biochemical indicators in Wistar rats. The research had a quantitative approach, descriptive type, using an experimental design and establishing 24 rats as sample size. There was a control treatment composed of wheat only, and three that contained 50% of wheat flour and the remaining quinoa, cañihua and tarwi flour. With the Andean crops, HDL levels were increased, while LDL levels tended to decrease concerning the wheat treatment; likewise, with the Andean cereals, the glucose level was maintained at optimal standards, and there was also an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit. It concludes that the intake of products made from Andean crops has a positive effect on the body, increasing HDL levels, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and decreasing or attenuating glucose concentrations in the blood, which is essential for proper health.

Assessing the effect of high-dose rosuvastatin in elderly patients over 75 with acute coronary syndrome

Backgrounds and objectiveStatins, inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, are pivotal in managing hypercholesterolemia and reducing cardiovascular risk. While rosuvastatin demonstrates superior efficacy and tolerability compared to other statins, its safety profile in elderly patients older than 75 years old with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) remains underexplored. So, the objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of adverse reactions and investigate the efficacy of high-dose rosuvastatin on lipid profiles in elderly patients aged over 75 with ACS.MethodsIn this observational study, 110 consecutive elderly ACS patients attending Modarres Hospital in Tehran, Iran, in 2019 were enrolled. The effects of high-dose rosuvastatin were assessed in elderly patients older than 75 years old by comparison of the adverse effects, lipid profile, cardiac function, and other biomarkers at the baseline and after 6 weeks of rosuvastatin therapy with a dose of 40 mg.ResultsFollowing 6 weeks of treatment, there was a significant reduction in total cholesterol (136.2 ± 24.3 to 115.5 ± 24.0, p = 0.001) and LDL levels (72.6 ± 17.5 to 50.9 ± 18.9, p = 0.001), accompanied by a notable increase in HDL levels (38.3 ± 7.1 to 47.2 ± 7.4, p = 0.001). Cardiac function, as measured by ejection fraction (EF), significantly improved from 43.4 ± 8.8 to 48.5 ± 8.5 (p = 0.001). Adverse effects such as cramps (N = 12, p = 0.001), weakness (N = 28, p = 0.001), and anorexia (N = 12, p = 0.001) were reported but did not warrant discontinuation of therapy. Notably, no cases of jaundice were observed. Two deaths occurred due to major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during the study period, unrelated to stroke or recurrent myocardial infarction.ConclusionTotally, high-dose rosuvastatin therapy effectively improved lipid profiles, cardiac function, and liver enzyme levels in elderly ACS patients, with manageable adverse effects. These findings underscore the importance of rosuvastatin in optimizing cardiovascular health in this vulnerable population.

In vivo, histopathological evaluation, and molecular docking of the antiatherosclerotic potential of Pangium edule leaf extract in cholesterol- and fat-enriched diet Wistar rats

Background: Pangi leaves, from the Pangium edule plant, are rich in flavonoids and saponins. Research has shown that flavonoids can lower blood cholesterol by blocking the activity of the enzyme HMG Co-A reductase. Saponins are linked to a lower risk of atherosclerosis because they can bind to cholesterol. However, the impact of pangi on high cholesterol levels has not been well-studied. This research aimed to explore how an ethanol extract from pangi leaves affects the lipid profiles of Wistar rats on a diet high in cholesterol and fat. Methods: The study involved four groups of ten rats each. One group served as a normal control, while the second consumed a high cholesterol and fat diet. The remaining two groups ate the same diet but also received 150 mg/kg or 450 mg/kg body weight of the pangi leaf extract. After 28 days, the rats' blood was tested for total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL. Results: The results showed significant differences in triglycerides and HDL levels among the groups. The pangi extract notably reduced triglycerides and increased HDL levels, even at the lower dose. It also lowered the atherogenic index and the TG/HDL ratio, both indicators of cardiovascular disease risk. These findings were supported by pathological examinations of the rats' aortas and computational analysis, which identified compounds in the pangi leaves that bind effectively to HMG-CoA reductase. Specifically, compounds such as (5.beta.) Pregnane-3,20.beta.-diol and psi.,psi.-Carotene showed strong interactions with this crucial cholesterol-producing enzyme, indicating their promise as potent agents to reduce cholesterol levels. The identified compounds exhibit favorable characteristics akin to drugs, enhancing their prospects as candidates for therapeutic use. Conclusion: The collective findings of this research indicate that the ethanol extract of pangi leaves positively influences the lipid profile in rats on a diet high in cholesterol and fat, suggesting its potential utility as a novel treatment option for hyperlipidemia.

Combined analysis of gut microbiota and metabolomics in high-fat model mice fed with Chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides

Chlorella pyrenoidosa peptides (SISISVAGGGR, T1) can effectively alleviate obesity and related metabolic disorders in high-fat mice. However, their lipid-lowering mechanism is still unclear. This research endeavor sought to delve into the potential mediators of T1 anti-obesity in high-fat mice through macrogenomics analyses combined with untargeted metabolomics analyses. The results showed that T1 alleviated HFD-induced increases in body weight, epididymal fat weight, TG, LDL, AST, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels, and increased HDL level. Moreover, T1 reversed the HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. Specifically, T1 resulted in a massive proliferation of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Alistipes, as well as increased levels of metabolites such as DL-arginine, N-stearoyl GABA, and decreased levels of 7α,24(S)-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, and hexadecanedioic acid. Correlation analysis showed that T1 alleviated HFD-induced obesity metabolic syndrome and associated inflammation by modulating specific gut microbiota and related metabolites. This provides new ideas for the treatment of diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders.

Effects of Helianthus annuus seeds on antioxidants, lipid profile and serum urea and creatinine in obesity induced rats using high fat diet

High-fat diets have been strongly associated with common metabolic diseases. Clinical practices often link these diseases, such as hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress resulting from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, to severe conditions like cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Managing these conditions is often financially demanding. Helianthus annuus seeds, known to be non-toxic even at doses greater than 5000mg/kg in rats, with an LD50 greater than 5000mg/kg, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing elevated blood sugar levels and BMI in both animal and human studies. Therefore, further research is needed to explore the potential effects of sunflower seeds on antioxidants, lipid profiles, and serum urea and creatinine levels in rats induced with obesity using a high-fat diet. In this study, overnight fasting blood samples were collected to conduct lipid profile tests (HDL, LDL, VLDL, and triglycerides). These tests utilized a photometric system with procedures derived from the Diasys-G Emmany kit and the measurement and precipitation method. The modified Jaffe technique for in-vitro measurement of creatinine in serum was employed to measure urea and creatinine levels. The experiment involved 27 Wistar rats weighing between 350 and 400 grams, randomly divided into 9 groups, with 3 rats in each group. Group 1 served as the control, while groups 2 to 9 were subjected to various conditions: high-fat diets alone for 6 weeks (group 2), high-fat diets with high (5000mg/kg body weight), medium (3000 mg/kg body weight), or low (2000 mg / kg body weight) doses of Helianthus annuus seeds powder for 6 weeks (groups 3, 4, and 5, respectively). Additionally, there were variations in duration and doses in groups 6 to 9, where rats were fed high-fat diets 20 g/ kg / day /rats for 5 weeks and then supplemented with Helianthus annuus seeds powder (5000 mg / kg, 3000 mg / kg and 2000 mg / kg per rat for group 6,7,8 or Metformin 70 mg / kg per rat for group 9) for 1 week. The results revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in rats across all groups compared to the control. However, all groups supplemented with Helianthus annuus seeds alongside high-fat diets displayed a significantly increased HDL level (P < 0.05) compared to rats fed only high-fat diet alone. Creatinine levels were significantly increased in all Helianthus annuus seeds -supplemented groups compared to the high-fat diet alone, while urea levels showed no significant differences among the groups. Furthermore, rats in all Helianthus annuus seeds -supplemented groups alongside high-fat diets demonstrated a significantly increased glutathione reductase activity (P < 0.05) compared to the control and high-fat diet alone. The study indicated that sunflower seeds significantly bolster antioxidant protection, elevate HDL levels, and increase creatinine levels in rats fed high-fat diets, suggesting potential beneficial effects in mitigating the adverse impacts of high-fat diets on health parameters.

Antidiabetic activity of the aqueous extract of Erigeron floribundus leaves in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes model in Wistar rats

BackgroudErigeron floribundus is a herbaceous plant used in traditional Cameroonian medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic properties of the aqueous extract of E. floribundus leaves (AEEF) in diabetic rats. MethodsDiabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) in normal rats fasted for 16 h. Subsequently, 30 diabetic male rats were divided into groups and treated orally for 21 days with distilled water (10 mL/kg), glibenclamide (3 mg/kg) and AEEF (300, 400, and 500 mg/kg). Body weight, food and water intake, blood glucose, insulin levels, lipid and oxidative profiles, as well as some markers of liver and kidney function were assessed. Histological sections of the rats' pancreas were taken. ResultsAEEF and glibenclamide significantly increased (p < 0.001) body weight and decreased food and water intake in rats. A decrease in blood glucose (p < 0.001) and an increase in insulin levels (p < 0.001) were observed in the AEEF and glibenclamide groups. AEEF caused a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglycérides and coronary risk index (CRI), accompanied by a significant (p < 0.001) increase in HDL levels and HOMA-β in rats. AEEF showed an improvement (p < 0.001) in CAT and SOD activity and GSH levels accompanied by a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in malondialdehyde levels. In addition, ALAT and ASAT activity, urea and creatinine levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) after treatment with AEEF and glibenclamide. The extract also improved the size of Langerhans Islets in the pancreas of diabetic rats. ConclusionAEEF contains several bioactive compounds conferring antidiabetic, anti-dyslipidemic and antioxidant properties, thus justifying its therapeutic use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Purple Sweet Potato Extract and Aerobic Exercise Reduce Lipid Profiles in Hyperlipidemic Rats Model

Obesity and dyslipidemia are the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. It has been shown that dietary supplementation combined with exercise at appropriate intensity improves lipid profile and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study investigates the effect of purple sweet potato extract and swimming training on the lipid profile of a hyperlipidemic rat model. Twenty-five male Wistar rats were grouped into standard diet and high-fat diet and given their respective diet for two weeks. Afterward, they were randomly divided into five weight-matched groups; normal control (C; n=5), high-fat diet (HF; n=5), exercise (E; n=5), purple sweet potato extract (PSP; n=5), and exercise combined with purple sweet potato extract (EPSP; n=5). Purple sweet potato extract was given 100 mg/day through oral gavage for three weeks. Swimming exercise was performed for 30 minutes/day, five days a week, for three weeks at an intensity of 6% of body weight. At the end of the experimental period, intracardiac blood samples were drawn to measure lipid profiles. Data analysis technique using a one-way ANOVA test with a significant level of 5%. The findings revealed that the concentration of TC and LDL was highest in HF. The combination of exercise and purple sweet potato extract significantly reduced LDL and increased HDL levels compared to exercise or PSP alone (p ≤ 0.05). It indicates that purple sweet potato extract combined with swimming exercise is shown to be effective in improving lipid profiles in hyperlipidemic rat models. Keyword: Aerobic exercise, hyperlipidemia, lipid profile, purple sweet potato.

Toxicological Evaluation of Sub-Chronic Administration of Ethanol Leaf Extract of &lt;i&gt;Ocimum canum&lt;/i&gt; on Lipid Parameters, Heart Histology and Feed Consumption of Wistar Rats

Ocimum canum is a plant that is commonly used in many parts of SubSaharan Africa to treat ailments such as infection, discomfort, and diarrhea. The study was aimed to evaluate the sub-chronic toxicity of Ocimum canum on the heart, lipid profile and feed consumption in Wister rats after oral administration of the leaf extract. Animals of either sexes were chosen. Group 1 received distilled water (10 ml/kg), while groups 2, 3, and 4 received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of Ocimum canum, respectively. Animals were kept in conventional cages and provided oral access to the extract, water, and food for 28 days before being weighed and slaughtered. Blood was drawn via heart puncture and immediately sent for hematological and chemopathological investigation. The plant's histological cardiotoxic potential was investigated using the haematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining technique. There was a significant (P&lt;0.05) drop in RBC, HGB, and MCV, but no change in neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, or platelets. The extract did not cause a significant (P&lt;0.05) change in cholesterol, LDL, or triglyceride levels, but it did induce a substantial increase in HDL levels. Histological examination of cardiac tissue confirms other parameters. The results indicated that the plant may not be cardiotoxic.

A Prospective Randomised Comparative Four-arm Intervention Study of Efficacy and Safety of Saroglitazar and Vitamin E in Patients With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)/Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)-SVIN TRIAL

Background and AimVitamin E is widely prescribed for Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).Saroglitazar, a novel dual PPAR ɑ/γ agonist, is approved in India for Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).No head-to-head comparative study for vitamin E and saroglitazar is available. We studied the efficacy and safety of saroglitazar and vitamin E in NAFLD/NASH. Materials and MethodsWe prospectively randomised 175 NAFLD patients into four arms as; Saroglitazar 4mg daily alone (n=44),vitamin E 800IU daily alone (n=41), vitamin E and saroglitazar combination(n=47) and control arm (n=43). All the baseline variables including Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) were recorded.Reassessment was done after 24 weeks of treatment. ResultsThe mean age and BMI was 45±11 years and 26±3.6 kg/m2 respectively. Compared to control, the decrease in ALT levels with saroglitazar, vitamin E and combination therapy was significant (95% CI, 6.27-28.25,p=0.002, 95% CI, -3.39-18.88, p=0.047 and 95% CI 8.10-29.54,p=0.001 respectively).The reduction in CAP was significant with saroglitazar and combination therapy (95% CI, -31.94-11.99,p=0.015 and 95% CI, -10.48-30.51,p=0.026 respectively).Only combination therapy shows significant reduction in LSM (95% CI, 0.41-1.68,p=0.001).Among glycaemic parameters, both saroglitazar alone and combination therapy significantly improved HBA1C levels (P=0.001 and P=0.015) and only combination therapy significantly improved HOMA-IR (P=0.047).Saroglitazar alone showed significant reduction in TG and LDL levels (P=0.038 and P=0.018), and combination therapy showed significant increase in HDL levels (P=0.024). ConclusionsCombination of Saroglitazar and vitamin E showed statistically significant reduction of LSM and CAP along with biochemical, glycaemic and lipid parameters. Clinical Trial Registry India no(CTRI/2022/01/039538).

Endothelial lipase variant T111I does not alter inhibition by angiopoietin-like proteins

High levels of HDL-C are correlated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease. HDL-C levels are modulated in part by the secreted phospholipase, endothelial lipase (EL), which hydrolyzes the phospholipids of HDL and decreases circulating HDL-C concentrations. A 584C/T polymorphism in LIPG, the gene which encodes EL, was first identified in individuals with increased HDL levels. This polymorphism results in a T111I point mutation the EL protein. The association between this variant, HDL levels, and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in humans has been extensively studied, but the findings have been inconsistent. In this study, we took a biochemical approach, investigating how the T111I variant affected EL activity, structure, and stability. Moreover, we tested whether the T111I variant altered the inhibition of phospholipase activity by angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) and angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), two known EL inhibitors. We found that neither the stability nor enzymatic activity of EL was altered by the T111I variant. Moreover, we found no difference between wild-type and T111I EL in their ability to be inhibited by ANGPTL proteins. These data suggest that any effect this variant may have on HDL-C levels or cardiovascular disease are not mediated through alterations in these functions.

The influence of the ketogenic diet on the therapy of type 2 diabetes. A literature review

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is a widespread and chronic disorder with high mortality and associated morbidity rates worldwide. DM2 individuals are more susceptible to developing heart disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetic neuropathy, and several other related complications, which are major causes of diabetes related death. New therapies and possibilities for the treatment of the diabetes are constantly being searched for, among which the ketogenic diet is increasingly becoming popular. There are studies being conducted all worldwide on the effects of this diet on the treatment of diabetes.&#x0D; PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to present the current state of knowledge about the influence of the ketogenic diet on the therapy of type 2 diabetes.&#x0D; MATERIALS AND METHOD: The available literature in PubMed was reviewed to write the article, using the keywords ,,ketogenic diet”, ,,diabetes mellitus”, ,,ketogenic diet diabetes”, ,,diabetes nutrition”. &#x0D; CONCLUSION: A ketogenic diet has notable advantages on body weight and glycemic control, as well as on the enhancement of lipid profiles in overweight DM2 patients. This diet can decrease body weight, waist circumference, HbA1c, and triglycerides, and increase HDL levels. In addition, the ketogenic diet may have further benefits in improving body composition to attenuate the onset and progress of DM2 bz reducing body weight, lowering glycemic levels, and enhancing lipid profiles. More studies are needed in the future to support and even confirm the links between the ketogenic diet and patienst suffering from DM2.

Isolation and Identification of Saccharomyces boulardii as a Probiotic Yeast and Investigation of its In vitro and In vivo Beneficial Applications

Background: Yeasts are becoming increasingly popular as possible new resources to improve the nutritional value of food qualities like flavor, color, and vitamin content, as well as tools for preventing food spoiling due to their anti-microbial capabilities. Objective: This study aims to test the role of isolated Saccharomyces boulardii as a promising probiotic as well as Jerusalem artichoke as a prebiotic in a feeding animal model to test their possible functions in regulating lipid profile and bacterial count in the faeces of tested animals. Methods: For the isolation of yeast cultures on YM agar medium, five milk samples were randomly obtained from the Faculty of Agriculture at Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt. S. boulardii was morphologically, physiologically, and molecularly identified and deposited in the gene bank; additionally, identification was confirmed using the BIOLOG system. For 30 days, researchers compared the roles of S. boulardii as a probiotic and Jerusalem artichoke as a prebiotic in controlling serum lipid profile and faeces microbial count in the tested animal groups. Results: The acid and bile tolerance tests illustrate the promising ability of S. boulardii. Additionally, S. boulardii could survive on simulated stomach and intestinal fluids. An in vivo feeding test showed that rats fed S. boulardii grew and gained weight faster. Furthermore, eating S. boulardii causes a marked increase in HDL levels and a marked drop in LDL, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Rats that consumed Jerusalem artichokes and a probiotic strain had significantly lower numbers of coliforms and Staphylococcus sp. in their stools. Conclusion: These results revealed the possible beneficial role of S. boulardii in overcoming hyperlipidemia, which should be applied on a large scale after verification of outcomes.

Efficacy of Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) in Regulating Lipid Profile in Dyslipidemia Model Rats: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world, more than any other disease. The leading cause of cardiovascular disease is dyslipidemia. Long-term use of simvastatin can cause other diseases. One of the medicinal plants known to have anti-cholesterol effects is a bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum). This study aimed to determine how the administration of bay leaf extract regulates lipid profiles.Methods: This study used a systematic review based on PRISMA guidelines. Sampling in this study was done by collecting studies available in e-databases: PubMed and Google Scholar, with the inclusion criteria being experimental studies about the effect of bay leaf extract administration in regulating lipid profile in rats.Results: This study consisted of 10 experimental studies on rats. Eight studies showed an improved lipid profile, while two other studies did not show an improving lipid profile after the administration of bay leaf extract.Conclusion: Most studies revealed that bay leaf extract positively improves lipid profiles by lowering total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, increasing HDL levels, and having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.