Increase In High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Research Articles

Serum HDL-C subfractions as predictors of cardiovascular calcification in hemodialysis patients: novel insights and clinical implications

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the relationship between cardiovascular calcification (CVC) and serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and its subfractions in hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsHD patients and healthy participants were recruited based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Various blood indicators were measured, and demographic information was recorded. HDL-C particle levels were quantified using lipophilic fluorescent dye staining and capillary electrophoresis (microfluidic platform). Coronary artery calcium scores and valve calcification were used to classify HD patients into calcification and non-calcification groups.ResultsCompared to healthy participants, HD patients showed a significant increase in HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein 2 cholesterol (HDL2-C), and high-density lipoprotein 3 cholesterol (HDL3-C) levels (p < 0.001). Further division of HD patients into calcification and non-calcification groups revealed higher serum HDL3-C concentrations (p = 0.002) and a higher HDL3-C/HDL-C ratio (p = 0.04) in the calcification group. Additionally, elevated HDL3-C levels were found to be an independent risk factor for CVC in HD patients (p = 0.040). The ROC curve analysis showed an AUC value of 0.706 for HDL3-C (p = 0.002).ConclusionOur study indicates that elevated serum HDL3-C levels in HD patients are an independent risk factor for CVC and can serve as a potential predictor for CVC events. However, more studies need to verify its potential as a predictive indicator..

Optimization of Hypercholesterolemia Treatment after Heart Transplant: The Role of PCSK9 Inhibitors.

Previous studies have reported the benefit of statins after Heart Transplant (HT). However, the use of high-dose statins might be limited in some HT patients due to intolerance and interactions with immunosuppression or might not be enough to achieve Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol goals. Hyperlipidemia has been associated with coronary allograft vasculopathy. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors might be a safe and effective option in HT patients with suboptimal lipid control. In a retrospective study, we identified HT patients in our center with LDL cholesterol >100 mg/dL, after diet modifications and up-titration of statins to maximum tolerated dose, treated with PCSK9i. The primary endpoint was LDL reduction one month after, and secondary endpoints were the development of donorspecific HLA antibodies (DSA) and the presence of coronary allograft vasculopathy or rejection. From January, 2018, to January, 2024, we identified five HT patients treated with PCSK9 inhibitors. In all cases, evolocumab was used. A significant reduction in LDL cholesterol was observed (151.6 ± 13.5 mg/dl to 72.4 ± 14.6 mg/dl; p = 0.04, mean reduction 75.7 ± 14.1 mg/dl), as well as in total cholesterol (231 ± 34.6 mg/dl to 152.2 ± 38.9 mg/dl; p < 0.01, mean reduction 78.8 ± 22.2 mg/dl). A significant increase in HDL cholesterol was not observed (45.4 ± 10.9 mg/dl to 46.2 ± 11.1 mg/dl; p = 0.60). One patient developed DSA five years after treatment onset. Rejection and coronary allograft vasculopathy were not observed. PCSK9 inhibitors are safe and effective in reducing LDL in HT patients. However, larger studies are needed to clarify if they can reduce the development of coronary allograft vasculopathy.

Effects of luseogliflozin on suspected MASLD in patients with diabetes: a pooled meta-analysis of phase III clinical trials.

Luseogliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, potentially exerts pleiotropic effects on the liver. However, the sufficient evidence is still lacking. We aimed to investigate the effects of luseogliflozin on hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and cardiometabolic risk factors in diabetic patients by a pooled meta-analysis. In this pooled meta-analysis, we enrolled diabetic patients who participated in phase III clinical trials of luseogliflozin (luseogliflozin group n = 302, placebo group n = 191). The primary outcomes were changes in fatty liver index (FLI) and Hepamet fibrosis score (HFS) after 24weeks. The secondary outcomes were changes in cardiometabolic risk factors after 24weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using propensity scoring analysis by the inverse probability of treatment weighting method. Primary outcomes: Luseogliflozin significantly decreased FLI compared to placebo after 24weeks (adjusted coefficient - 5.423, 95%CI - 8.760 to - 2.086, P = 0.0016). There was no significant difference in changes in HFS between the two groups. However, luseogliflozin significantly decreased HFS compared to placebo in diabetic patients with ALT > 30 U/L (adjusted coefficient - 0.039, 95%CI - 0.077 to - 0.001, P = 0.0438) and with FIB-4 index > 1.3 (adjusted coefficient - 0.0453, 95%CI - 0.075 to - 0.016, P = 0.0026). Secondary outcom8es: Luseogliflozin significantly decreased HbA1c level, HOMA-IR value, BMI, and uric acids level, and increased HDL cholesterol level compared to placebo. This pooled meta-analysis demonstrated that 24-week treatment with luseogliflozin improved hepatic steatosis and fibrosis indexes in diabetic patients, especially those with liver injury. Furthermore, luseogliflozin improved various cardiometabolic risk factors. Thus, luseogliflozin may be useful for improving MASLD in diabetic patients.

Effects of Physical Activity on Blood Lipids and Hemoglobin A1c in Healthy Pregnant Women: The FitMum Randomized Controlled Trial

ObjectiveMaternal blood lipid and glucose concentrations during pregnancy affect fetal growth and the risk of pregnancy and delivery complications.We aimed to investigate the effects of physical activity (PA) during pregnancy on maternal blood lipid and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations. We hypothesized that higher PA was associated with improved lipid profile and glycemic control. MethodsIn a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, we included 216 pregnant women before week 15 + 0 and tested the effects of two different PA interventions throughout pregnancy compared to standard care on maternal blood lipid and HbA1c concentrations. Additionally, we investigated the effect of PA per se measured by an activity tracker. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride, and HbA1c concentrations were measured at week ≤15 + 0, 28+0-6, 34+0-6, and at delivery (week 32 + 1 to 42 + 0). Effects of the interventions and PA per se were tested using linear mixed effects models and linear regression analyses, respectively. ResultsNo effects of the PA interventions were detected on maternal lipids or HbA1c during pregnancy. In PA per se analyses, more minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA were associated with less increase in TC (−1.3E-04, P = .020) and LDL-C (−8.5E-05, P = .035) as pregnancy progresses. More active kilocalories were associated with less increase in TC (−5.5E-05, P < .001), HDL-C (−9.5E-06, P = .024), and LDL-C (−3.2E-05, P = .005). ConclusionWhilst there were no effects of offering PA interventions, higher PA was associated with reduced increases in TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C as pregnancy progressed.

Effects of a Six-Week Aerobic Exercise Training Program on Lipid Profiles in Sedentary Women

This study investigated how a six-week training program involving aerobic exercise affected the lipid profile of women who were sedentary. Using the pre-test post-test model, 36 sedentary female volunteers aged 18-29 years participated in the study. After the participants had fasted overnight, healthcare professionals took blood samples from them both before and after the training program in a clinical setting. Measurements were taken of triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol. The data obtained was subjected to a paired-samples test using the SPSS 22.0 statistical program to compare the values before and after training. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were used to clarify the levels of comparison. Statistically significant differences were seen in blood lipid levels (triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and total cholesterol) between pre- and post-training assessments (p &amp;lt; 0.05). This study found that a six-week aerobic exercise program significantly increased HDL cholesterol levels by 15.8% (from 46.66 mg/dL to 54.05 mg/dL, p = 0.000) and decreased LDL cholesterol levels by 15.7% (from 96.72 mg/dL to 81.52 mg/dL, p = 0.000) in sedentary women. The study adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that aerobic exercise programs, such as spinning, can significantly improve lipid profiles in sedentary women, potentially reducing their risk of cardiovascular disease. Future research should incorporate control groups to strengthen these findings.

Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation in Women with Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging—Coenzyme Q10 in Metabolic Syndrome and NAFLD

(1) Introduction: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a component present in the transport chain of mitochondrial electrons with antioxidant property. Currently, there are limited studies which indicate the effects of its supplementation on Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). (2) Objective: This work was conducted to determine the effects of CoQ10 supplementation in women with MetS and NAFLD. (3) Methodology: This double-blind randomized clinical-controlled trial was performed among 22 women with MetS and NAFLD. Patients were randomized into two groups: group A (n = 11), which received 200 mg/day of CoQ10; and group B (n = 11), which received a placebo medication for 12 weeks. The hepatic steatosis present in NAFLD, the volume of abdominal fat, and visceral fat volume were evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Anthropometric, blood pressure, and marker serums that compound the MetS were also analyzed. (4) Results: A decrease in visceral fat volume (p = 0.02), abdominal circumference (p = 0.03/CI = 0.19–3.80), and increase in HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.01/CI = −9.80: −1.44) was observed in the CoQ10-supplemented group. We did not find significant changes in any of the other variables evaluated. (5) Conclusions: Supplementation with CoQ10 for 12 weeks, even if discreetly, brought some benefits for the supplemented group whereas no changes were observed in the control group.

Comprehensive meta-analysis of the effects of oral medroxyprogesterone acetate plus conjugated equine oestrogens on the lipid profile in women: Insights from randomized controlled trials.

Menopause is associated with elevated cardiovascular risk due to the loss of the cardioprotective effect of oestrogens. Postmenopausal women are often prescribed hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in order to control menopause symptoms and correct hormone imbalances; however, HRT can impact serum lipids' concentrations. At present, data on the effect of the administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate plus conjugated equine oestrogens (MPACEE) on the lipid profile in females are uncertain, as the investigations conducted so far have produced conflicting results. Thus, we aimed to clarify the impact of MPACEE prescription on the serum lipids' values in women by means of a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We employed a random-effects model based on the DerSimonian and Laird method to determine the combined estimates of the intervention's impact on the lipid profile. The computation of the weighted mean difference (WMD) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) relied on the mean and standard deviation values from both the MPACEE and control group, respectively. A total of 53 RCTs were included in the meta-analysis with 68 RCT arms on total cholesterol (TC), 70 RCT arms on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG), and 69 RCT arms on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Administration of MPACEE resulted in a significant reduction of TC (WMD = -11.93 mg/dL; 95% CI: -13.42, -10.44; p < .001) and LDL-C (WMD = -16.61 mg/dL; 95% CI: -17.97, -15.26; p < .001) levels, and a notable increase in HDL-C (WMD = 3.40 mg/dL; 95% CI: 2.93, 3.86; p < .001) and TG (WMD = 10.28 mg/dL; 95% CI: 7.92, 12.64; p < .001) concentrations. Subgroup analysis revealed that changes in the lipid profile were influenced by several factors: body mass index (for TC, HDL-C, TG), MPACEE dosages (for TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG), age (for TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG), durations of the intervention (for TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG), continuous/sequential administration of MPACEE (continuous for TC; sequential for LDL-C, TG) administration of MPACEE and serum lipids' concentrations before enrolment in the RCT (for TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG). MPACEE administration can influence serum lipids' concentrations in females by raising HDL-C and TG levels and reducing LDL-C and TC values. Therefore, postmenopausal women who suffer from hypercholesterolaemia might benefit from this type of HRT.

Biological evaluation of nutritional traditional fruit Mangifera camptosperma against diabetes and hyperlipidemia

IntroductionThe objective of the study was to determine antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Mangifera camptosperma leaves extract using streptozotocin-induced animal model. MethodsThe leaves of M. camptosperma extracted with hydroethanolic (50:50) solvent using soxhlet apparatus. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is often given as an adjuvant to alleviate diabetic symptoms. The plant extracts were used to determine presence of phytochemicals present in them using different tests. Diabetes was induced on animals using streptozotocin (STZ) 50 mg/kg through intra-peritoneal route. Oral administration of M. camptosperma extract at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg was used to assess its antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects. ResultsThe phytochemical analysis showing presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, and flavonoids. The diabetic control group had blood glucose levels of 102 mg/kg and 126 mg/kg, respectively, after receiving the test medication, but the diabetic rats treated with the extract showed a substantial decrease to 90.11 ± 5.71 (200 mg/kg) and 82.12 ± 3.99 (400 mg/kg). If compared to the diabetic control group, the administration of 400 mg/kg of M. camptosperma for 21 days resulted in a substantial decrease (p < 0.05) in serum total cholesterol (106.12 ± 5.94 mg/dL) and triglyceride (83.11 ± 4.04 mg/dL), as well as an increase in HDL cholesterol (36.15 ± 3.04 mg/dL). This study found that while administered to diabetic rats, M. camptosperma lowered blood glucose levels and improved lipid profiles. DiscussionIt can be concluded from the study that the plant extract may be useful in treating hyperlipidemic and type-2 diabetes as an alternative medicine.

Synthesis and In-Silico Studies of Ortho-Fluorinated Benzenesulfonamides as Putative Anti-CETP Agents

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is one of the primary causes of death. Atherosclerosis produces artery constriction or obstruction, which can lead to a heart attack or stroke. Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) is a protein that aids in reverse cholesterol transport. It promotes cholesteryl ester transfer from HDL to LDL and VLDL. So, inhibition of CETP by drugs limits cardiovascular disease by decreasing LDL and increasing HDL cholesterol. In this study, ten ortho-fluoro substituted benzenesulfonamides 6a-6j were prepared, and their structure was fully determined using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HR-MS, and IR. In vitro biological evaluation showed that compound 6d has the highest inhibitory activity with 100% inhibition, while compounds 6a-6c and 6e-6j had activities ranged from 29% - 83% at 10 μM concentration. Interestingly, para-substituted derivatives (6d, 6g, and 6j) were observed to have greater CETP inhibitory activities than their ortho- and meta- analogues irrespective to the nature of substituent, i.e., CH3, Cl, or NO2. Ligandfit docking experiment revealed the difference in the binding mode among the synthesized compounds, which is reflected in their CETP inhibitory activity.

The Impact of a Nutritional Intervention on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Type 2 Diabetes.

Nutritional management plays a crucial role in treating patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), working to prevent and control the progression of chronic non-communicable diseases. To evaluate the effects of individualized nutritional interventions on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR)} over 12 months and subsequently at follow-up (15 months). This longitudinal experimental study (without randomization and blinding) enrolled 84 sedentary participants with T2D (both sexes, aged 18-80 years). They were divided into a control group of 40 participants who received only medical consultations, and an intervention group of 44 participants who received the same medical care along with a nutritional assessment. Consultations occurred quarterly from August 2020 to November 2022 (first-twelfth month), with six to nine patients per session. Subsequently, a follow-up was conducted from December 2022 to November 2023, during which the intervention group had only medical care (during the 12th-15th months). Personalized dietary planning was inspired by the Mediterranean/DASH diets adapted to Brazilian foods and socioeconomic cultures. Normal variables were compared between groups for each time point and also within each group across different time points using a two-way ANOVA (repeated measures for intragroup) followed by the Šídák post hoc test. Non-normal variables were compared between groups for each time point using Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Dunn post hoc test, and within each group across different time points using Friedman followed by the Dunn post hoc test. Data with a Gaussian distribution were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD), and data with a non-Gaussian distribution were presented as median ± interquartile range (IQR). For all cases, α < 0.05 and p < 0.05 were adopted. In the intervention group, significant reductions were observed between the first and twelfth month for all parameters (p < 0.05), (except for TC), along with an increase in HDL-C (p = 0.0105). Conversely, in the control group, there was a significant increase in HbA1c, weight, BMI, FBG, and WHR (p < 0.05) between the first and twelfth months. Regarding the comparison between groups, there was a significant difference for all analyzed parameters (p < 0.05) from the first to the twelfth month. In the follow-up, differences were also observed (p < 0.05), except for BMI (p > 0.05). The individualized nutritional intervention improved eating habits, anthropometric, biochemical, and cardiovascular markers in T2D over 12 months, with sustained results during follow-up. The dietary plan inspired by the Mediterranean and DASH diets demonstrated good adaptation to the Brazilian food culture and the patients' socioeconomic contexts. Consistent monitoring and personalized nutritional management are essential for optimizing long-term outcomes. However, more clinical trials are necessary in order to optimize the level of evidence for longitudinal interventions.

The association of the platelet/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with self-reported stroke and cardiovascular mortality: a population-based observational study

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that the relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and stroke is controversial, and the association between the platelet/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (PHR), a novel marker for inflammation and hypercoagulability states, and stroke has not been established.MethodsThis study presents an analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2005–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Stroke history, HDL-C levels, and platelet counts were obtained during cross-sectional surveys. The PHR was calculated as the ratio of the number of platelets to HDL-C concentration. Weighted logistic regression was used to assess the associations of HDL-C and the PHR with stroke. Nonlinearity of this relationship was determined through restricted cubic splines (RCSs) and two-piecewise linear regression for identifying inflection points. Furthermore, Cox regression was utilized to prospectively analyze the associations of the PHR and HDL-C concentration with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in stroke survivors.ResultsA total of 27,301 eligible participants were included in the study; mean age, 47.28 years and 50.57% were female, among whom 1,040 had a history of stroke. After full adjustment, the odds ratio (OR) of stroke associated with a per standard deviation (SD) increase in the PHR was estimated at 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03 − 1.24, P = 0.01), and the OR of stroke associated with a per SD increase in HDL-C was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.86–1.05, P = 0.30). The RCS indicated a nonlinear relationship for both variables (PPHR = 0.018 and PHDL-C = 0.003), and further piecewise linear regression identified inflection points at PHR = 223.684 and HDL-C = 1.4 mmol/L. Segmental regression indicated that in the PHR ≥ 223.684 segment, the estimated OR of stroke associated with a per-SD increase in the PHR was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.09 − 1.31, P < 0.001), while the association of stroke with HDL-C was not significant before or after the inflection point (P > 0.05). Furthermore, Cox regression and RCS showed that a per-SD increase in the PHR was linearly associated with a greater risk of CVD mortality among stroke survivors (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06 − 1.22, P < 0.001; nonlinear, P = 0.956), while HDL-C was not significantly associated with CVD mortality.ConclusionThe association between the PHR and stroke incidence exhibited a significant threshold effect, with an inflection point at 223.684. A PHR exceeding 223.684 was positively associated with stroke, while the association between HDL-C and stroke was not significant. Additionally, the PHR was positively and linearly associated with CVD mortality among stroke survivors.

Bergamot Polyphenols: Promising Agents for Health and Wellness

Introduction and purpose: Citrus bergamia, commonly known as bergamot, is a unique plant native to the Calabria region in Italy, prized for its fragrant fruits and versatile applications. Historically utilized for extracting essential oil, bergamot has garnered attention for its therapeutic properties, particularly its Bergamot-derived Polyphenolic Fraction (BPF), which exhibits lipid-lowering, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive summary of existing research on the therapeutic potential of BPF in humans.Brief description of the state of knowledge: BPF has shown promise in supporting wound healing, alleviating neuropathic pain, and exhibiting antimicrobial properties. Research highlights BPF's role in modulating lipid metabolism, particularly in reducing LDL cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL cholesterol levels. Additionally, BPF demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects, accelerating the recovery process in conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and potentially influencing pathways involved in cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. Further studies explore BPF's impact on bone metabolism, erectile dysfunction, and its potential in dermatological applications, particularly in counteracting photoaging.Conclusions: While existing studies underscore the promising therapeutic effects of BPF in various medical domains, further research is warranted to establish its efficacy and safety for broader clinical use. Continued investigation on a larger scale holds the potential to develop BPF as a valuable physiotherapeutic strategy across diverse medical fields.

Effect of Empagliflozin with or without the Addition of Evolocumab on HDL Subspecies in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Post Hoc Analysis of the EXCEED-BHS3 Trial.

Evolocumab and empagliflozin yield a modest rise in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) through unknown mechanisms. This study aims to assess the effect of evolocumab plus empagliflozin vs. empagliflozin alone on HDL subspecies isolated from individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). This post hoc prespecified analysis of the EXCEED-BHS3 trial compared the effects of a 16-week therapy with empagliflozin (E) alone or in combination with evolocumab (EE) on the lipid profile and cholesterol content in HDL subspecies in individuals with T2D divided equally into two groups of 55 patients. Both treatments modestly increased HDL-C. The cholesterol content in HDL subspecies 2a (7.3%), 3a (7.2%) and 3c (15%) increased from baseline in the E group, while the EE group presented an increase from baseline in 3a (9.3%), 3b (16%) and 3c (25%). The increase in HDL 3b and 3c was higher in the EE group when compared to the E group (p < 0.05). No significant interactive association was observed between changes in hematocrit and HDL-C levels after treatment. Over a 16-week period, empagliflozin with or without the addition of evolocumab led to a modest but significant increase in HDL-C. The rise in smaller-sized HDL particles was heterogeneous amongst the treatment combinations.

The Effect of Canagliflozin on High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Diabetes mellitus is often accompanied by dyslipidemia. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), have been reported to exert effects on lipid, while the results remain controversial. This study is aimed at exploring the effect of SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin on lipid profile. This study was a single-center, open-label, nonrandomized, prospective study. Metformin (500 mg three times per day) or canagliflozin (100 mg, once daily) was administered for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 12 weeks after treatment. Serum lipid profile levels and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) were determined. In animal experiment, C57BL/6 J mice were divided into three groups including control, STZ + HFD, and STZ + HFD + canagliflozin. Lipid profile and plasma ANGPTL3 level were measured after 12 week's treatment. Moreover, the expression of ANGPTL3 was detected in the liver tissues. There was a decreased trend in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglycerides (TG) after canagliflozin treatment, while canagliflozin significantly increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level and decreased plasma ANGPTL3 level. In addition, the expression of ANGPTL3 in liver tissues decreased obviously in diabetic mice with canagliflozin treatment. Canagliflozin increases HDL-c level and suppresses ANGPTL3 expression in patients with T2DM and diabetic mice. The reduction of ANGPTL3 may contribute to the increase of HDL-c. However, the specific mechanism needs further research. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1900021231.

Association between HDL-C and chronic pain: data from the NHANES database 2003-2004.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been reported to be associated with pain symptoms of various diseases, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mediation is related to the pathogenesis of chronic pain. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between HDL-C levels and chronic pain in American adults. This cross-sectional study used data from American adults aged 20 and above during the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle. Participants were divided into 4 groups based on HDL-C quartiles. We used chi-square tests and Student's t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests to analyze categorical variables and continuous variables to compare differences between groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between HDL-C levels and the risk of chronic pain. Likelihood ratio tests were used to assess interactions between subgroups, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Our final analysis included 4,688 participants, of which 733 (16.4%) had chronic pain. In the multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for covariates, there was a negative correlation between HDL-C levels and chronic pain. Specifically, for every 20 unit increase in HDL-C, the risk of chronic pain decreased by 26%. Compared with the lowest HDL-C quartile (< 43 mg/dL), the highest HDL-C quartile (≥ 64 mg/dL) was associated with a 24% reduction in the risk of chronic pain. No interaction factors affecting the relationship between HDL-C and chronic pain were found in the subgroup analysis. This study demonstrates a negative association between HDL-C levels and chronic pain in US adults, providing insights into the pathogenesis of chronic pain and potential improvements in chronic pain management strategies.

Dyslipidemias among workers in the Arctic zone of Russia

Introduction. Secondary hyperlipidemia plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular diseases.&#x0D; Goal is to evaluate the blood lipid spectrum in working men in the Arctic zone of Russia to prevent the risk of developing cardiovascular complications.&#x0D; Materials and methods. We determined the blood lipid spectrum (triglycerides (TGL), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), the type of dyslipidemia in two groups of men working in the Arctic (n=51) and the Subarctic (n=54) for 7.1±0.2 years and 6.4±0.6 years (p=0.45) with different working, living, and rest conditions.&#x0D; Results. TC in both groups was in the “borderline high” zone, and Q75 was in the “high” zone, HDL-C in Q75 was above the reference limit, Q25 in the first group was in the “borderline high” zone, in the second TC and HDL-C were normal. TGL parameters: in the first group Q75 is above normal, in the second group it is normal; LDL-C, respectively, in the range of the upper zone “norm” – the lower zone “high”, as well as normal. Lipid metabolism disorders were detected in 98 and 83.9% of men working in various climatic zones of the Arctic zone. Hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia in the Arctic were found in 43.1% of those examined, respectively, and in the Subarctic – in 38.7 and 16.2%. An increase in HDL cholesterol was detected in 62.7% of those examined in the Arctic and in 29% of those examined in the Subarctic, respectively. The proportion of people with low HDL-C in the Arctic is 3.6 times less, with high THL – 8.1 times less (2% versus 16.1%), which determines the prevalence of the risk of developing cardiovascular complications in the Subarctic.&#x0D; Limitations. Men of physical and mental labour in the Arctic in an organized team, mental labour in the Subarctic in an urban environment.&#x0D; Conclusion. The results update the assessment of dyslipidemia in the Arctic zone of Russia, which will allow developing preventive measures to preserve the health of people working in extremely cold climates.

Associations of drusen location with risk factors and incidence of late age-related macular degeneration in the Alienor study.

To test the hypothesis that central drusen location is strongly linked with known Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) risk factors and risk of incident late AMD. The Alienor study is a prospective population-based cohort study of residents of Bordeaux, France, followed from 2009 to 2017. On retinal photographs, we defined central drusen as at least one soft drusen (>63 μm) within 500 μm from fovea and pericentral drusen as at least one drusen 500-3000 μm from fovea, in the absence of any central drusen. Late AMD (atrophic and/or neovascular) was diagnosed using multimodal imaging. In total, 481 eyes were included in the analysis: 160 central and 321 pericentral. We investigated associations with systemic (age, sex, smoking, medical prescriptions, plasma concentrations of lipids and nutrients, UV exposure, blood pressure), ocular (retinal thickness, cataract extraction) and genetic risk scores (GRS). In multivariate logistic regression central drusen were associated with smoking (OR, 2.95 for smoking more than 20 pack-years, p = 0.02), HDL-cholesterol (OR, 1.57 for 1 standard deviation (SD) increase, p = 0.0048), pulse pressure (OR, 0.77 for 1 SD increase, p = 0.04), Age-Related Maculopathy Susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) GRS (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.11-1.83) and complement GRS (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.15-2.10). In Cox modelling, the central location of drusen (at baseline or during the follow-up) was associated with a 4.41-fold increased risk (95% CI,1.98-9.81) for an incident late AMD. Central drusen were strongly associated with AMD risk factors and incident late AMD, suggesting that it represents a key marker for AMD progression.

Combination Therapy of Cuban Policosanol (Raydel®, 20 mg) and Intensive Exercise for 12 Weeks Resulted in Improvements in Obesity, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia without a Decrease in Serum Coenzyme Q10: Enhancement of Lipoproteins Quality and Antioxidant Functionality in Obese Participants.

Obesity and overweight, frequently caused by a lack of exercise, are associated with many metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Aerobic exercise effectively increases the high-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and alleviates the triglyceride (TG) levels. The consumption of Cuban policosanol (Raydel®) is also effective in enhancing the HDL-C quantity and HDL functionality to treat dyslipidemia and hypertension. On the other hand, no study has examined the effects of a combination of high-intensity exercise and policosanol consumption in obese subjects to improve metabolic disorders. In the current study, 17 obese subjects (average BMI 30.1 ± 1.1 kg/m2, eight male and nine female) were recruited to participate in a program combining exercise and policosanol (20 mg) consumption for 12 weeks. After completion, their BMI, waist circumference, total fat mass, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reduced significantly up to around -15%, -13%, -33%, -11%, and -13%, respectively. In the serum lipid profile, at Week 12, a significant reduction was observed in the total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels, up to -17% and -54% from the baseline, respectively. The serum HDL-C was elevated by approximately +12% from the baseline, as well as the percentage of HDL-C in TC, and HDL-C/TC (%), was enhanced by up to +32% at Week 12. The serum coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) level was increased 1.2-fold from the baseline in all participants at Week 12. In particular, the male participants exhibited a 1.4-fold increase from the baseline. The larger rise in serum CoQ10 was correlated with the larger increase in the serum HDL-C (r = 0.621, p = 0.018). The hepatic function parameters were improved; the serum γ-glutamyl transferase decreased at Week 12 by up to -55% (p < 0.007), while the aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase levels diminished within the normal range. In the lipoprotein level, the extent of oxidation and glycation were reduced significantly with the reduction in TG content. The antioxidant abilities of HDL, such as paraoxonase (PON) and ferric ion reduction ability (FRA), were enhanced significantly by up to 1.8-fold and 1.6-fold at Week 12. The particle size and number of HDL were elevated up to +10% during the 12 weeks, with a remarkable decline in the TG content, glycation extent, and oxidation. The improvements in HDL quality and functionality were linked to the higher survivability of adult zebrafish and their embryos, under the co-presence of carboxymethyllysine (CML), a pro-inflammatory molecule known to cause acute death. In conclusion, 12 weeks of Cuban policosanol (Raydel®, 20 mg) consumption with high-intensity exercise displayed a significant improvement in blood pressure, body fat mass, blood lipid profile without liver damage, CoQ10 metabolism, and renal impairment.

Impacts of ainuovirine-based and efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapies on the lipid profile of HIV/AIDS patients in southern China: a real-world study.

The newly approved third-generation oral anti-HIV-1 drug, ainuovirine (ANV), was used in combination with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in our study, and its effects on the lipid profile of antiretroviral-experienced HIV/AIDS patients are unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects of antiretroviral agents on the lipid profile in patients with HIV/AIDS. We conducted a real-world prospective study involving treatment-naive and treatment-experienced adult participants living with HIV-1 infection provided with ANV- or efavirenz (EFV)-based regimens. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants with an HIV-1 RNA level of <50 copies/mL at week 24 of treatment. Secondary endpoints included the change from baseline in CD4+ T-cell count and lipid profile. A total of 60 treatment-naive and 47 treatment-experienced participants received an ANV-based regimen, while 88 treatment-naive and 47 treatment-experienced participants receiving an EFV-based regimen were, respectively, matched as controls. At week 24 following treatment, the proportion of participants with an HIV-1 RNA level of <50 copies/mL and the mean changes of CD4+ T-cell counts from baseline were significantly higher in naive-ANV group than those in naive-EFV group (p < 0.01). Compared with the EFV group, both naive and experienced ANV groups exhibited a favorable lipid profile, including constant changes in total cholesterol and triglycerides, a significant decrease in LDL-cholesterol (p < 0.0001), and a dramatic increase in HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001). The efficacy of ANV was non-inferior to EFV when combined with two NRTIs. Patients receiving ANV-based regimens had a decreased prevalence of dyslipidemia.

Fructooligosaccharides from Cynoglossum tubiflorus: Effect of the molecular size on their antidiabetic activity in high-fat diet and alloxan induced diabetic rats

The use of acetylation followed by silica gel column purification allowed the isolation of eight fructooligosaccharides (FOS) from the ethanol extract of Cynoglossum tubiflorus roots. Each FOS was identified by analyzing its FT-IR, HRMS/MS and NMR data, including 1H, 13C and 2D NMR HH COSY, HMBC and NOESY. In diabetic rats treated with a series of FOS from Glc-(Fru)3 to Glc-(Fru)7, a significant inhibition of intestinal α-amylase was observed. This activity increases proportionally with the FOS molecular size. It was found that they delay the absorption of total cholesterol (TC), ldl-cholesterol (LDL-C) and increase HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) in a molecular size-dependent manner.This inhibitory effect on the activity of the digestive enzyme causes a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the level of glucose in the blood as an anti-diabetic action. The ethanolic extract (E.E) exerts a significant effect against α-amylase as well as antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic actions, while its acetylation suppresses these effects. Therefore, this study demonstrates for the first time that pure FOS act as an efficient agent in preventing hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia and that this action evolves in the same manner with their molecular size.