Increase In Allergy Research Articles

Comparative Study of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant activity of Essential oil, Tincture and Petroleum extraction from Medicinal plant-based raw material of Tanacetum vulgare

Due to the increase in allergic reactions to synthetic drugs, there has been a demand to expand the range of medications based on medicinal plant-based raw materials. Tanacetum vulgare is a medicinal plant that contains large amount of biologically active substances and is widely used in traditional and modern medicine. The aim of the study was to elaborate the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of extracts (the essential oil, the tincture and the petroleum extract) derived from medicinal plant-based raw materials of Tanacetum vulgare. The object of the study was essential oil obtained from fresh Tanacetum vulgare grass, petroleum extraction of Tanacetum vulgare and tincture obtained from Tanacetum vulgare using the maceration method. The qualitative composition of essential oil, tincture and petroleum extraction was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry. In essential oil, regardless of the preparation method, the maximal antioxidant activity is shown by the petroleum extraction from the grass of Tanacetum vulgare. Hydrodistillation was performed using a Ginsberg method or hydrodistillation using a Cleveger method. More than 80 compounds have been identified; more than 100 compounds have been identified in tincture, and more than 150 compounds have been identified in petroleum extraction,such as camphor, borneol, ascaridiol, isoaromadendrene, cubenol, limonene, carvacrol, pinene, cineol, terpineol and chrysanthenon. Tincture and essential oil exhibit antioxidant activity slightly lower than petroleum extraction.

Efficacy, effectiveness and other patient-centered outcomes of oral immunotherapy.

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is the medically supervised ingestion of a food allergen. Understanding of the expected outcomes of OIT allow for risk-benefit assessments for patient-centered decisions. The efficacy of OIT to achieve desensitization in children has been confirmed in multiple meta-analyses, even with vastly disparate study populations and methodologies. Most children initiated on OIT will achieve the ability to eat more allergen before experiencing an allergic reaction than if they continue to avoid their allergen. This effect is diminished without regular ingestion. Previous meta-analyses showed increased allergic reactions on OIT versus avoidance or placebo due to the dosing itself; however, a recent meta-analysis showed that peanut OIT in children did not lead to an increase in allergic reactions. Analysis of emerging data suggests that OIT may reduce reactions to accidental exposures over time. Important patient-centered outcomes, including reaction avoidance or amelioration, and psychosocial impacts and/or quality of life, and studies of more demographically representative populations are also necessary.

The role of total serum immunoglobulin E level in diagnosis of fungal allergy

In the last two decades, there has been an increase in allergic reactions caused by sensitization to fungi. This variant of hypersensitivity causes more severe allergic disease, frequent, prolonged exacerbations that are difficult to control. Therefore, the diagnosis of early stages of fungi allergy is important. The study demonstrates the use of a differentiated model in diagnosis of the allergic nature of a respiratory disease depending on the total serum Ig E level in patients with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis with fungi sensitization. A differentiated assessment of total serum Ig E upper normal level, corresponding to clinical respiratory disease manifestations, allows the test using as the first stage of allergy diagnosis: screening of patients with respiratory diseases at the initial appointment to select those patients who need a specific allergy testing, performed by allergologist.

DEVELOPING AN INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT PLAN FOR DENTAL PATIENTS WITH ACCOMPANYING SENSITIZATION TO BACTERIA, FOOD, POLLEN, AND MORE

Contemporary dental medicine offers a wide range of materials and techniques for the rehabilitation of the dentomaxillofacial system, which in recent years has led to a dramatic increase in allergic reactions in sensitized patients after dental treatment. Once in the oral cavity, saliva and gastrointestinal tract, dental medication or dental material release products that, under certain conditions, can cause direct cell damage or induce an immunological/allergic reaction. The local and systemic reactivity in each individual is different and this explains why biocompatible materials that persist in the oral cavity elicit an immune/allergic response in some patients while none is evident in others. Dental medications, and especially materials that permanently remain in the oral cavity (composites, plastics, metal alloys, etc.), cause hypersensitivity reactions mainly of type IV (slow) and less often of type I (fast). It is very important to develop an individualized treatment plan for dental patients with accompanying sensitization to bacteria, food, pollen, and more. There is no doubt that the implementation of a holistic approach in the treatment of sensitised patients is a prerequisite for a much more successful treatment performed by the dentist. This imposes work in close collaboration with an interdisciplinary team using the possibilities of the modern achievements of immunology and allergology. Patients’ history data and the results from skin allergy tests are the basis of application of individualized treatment approach and personalized immunotherapy for each separate patient, as well as of treatment result control.

Recent increase in allergic reactions to methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone: is methylisothiazolinone the culprit?

The frequency of sensitization to methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/ methylisothiazolinone (MI) observed in the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) was constantly around 2.1% from 1998 to 2009. After that, it increased to 3.9% in 2011, paralleled by an increase in the frequency of allergic reactions to MI in the preservative series from 1.9% in 2009 to 4.4% in 2011. MI without MCI has increasingly been used as a preservative in cosmetics and skin care products in recent years. To epidemiologically investigate the possible reasons for this development and to analyse concomitant reactions to MCI/MI and MI. A retrospective analysis of IVDK data from 2009 to 2011 was performed. Stratified data analysis revealed pronounced increases in reactivity to MCI/MI and MI in females, face dermatitis patients, and patients tested because of suspected cosmetic intolerance. The proportion of MI-positive patients among those reacting to MCI/MI increased from 43% to 59% between 2009 and 2011. More widespread consumer exposure has most likely led to the increase in primary sensitization to MI and subsequently to a rise in MCI/MI reactions resulting from immunological cross-reactions. A reduction in the maximum use concentration of MI seems advisable. MI should be patch tested in the baseline series.

Use of selected cephalosporins in penicillin-allergic patients: a paradigm shift

Recent analysis of clinical data and a clearer understanding of the role of chemical structure in the development of cross-reactivity indicate that the increased risk of an allergic reaction to certain cephalosporins in penicillin-allergic patients is smaller than previously postulated. Medline and EMBASE databases were searched using the following keywords: cephalosporin, penicillin, allergy, and cross-sensitivity for the years 1960 to 2005. Among 219 articles retrieved, 106 served as source material for this review. A significant increase in allergic reactions to cephalothin, cephaloridine, cephalexin, cefazolin, and cefamandole was observed in penicillin-allergic patients; no increase was observed with cefprozil, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, or ceftriaxone. Clinical challenges, skin testing, and monoclonal antibody studies point to the paramount importance of similarities in side chain structure to predict cross-allergy between cephalosporins and penicillins. First-generation cephalosporins have a modest cross-allergy with penicillins, but cross-allergy is negligible with 2nd- and 3rd-generation cephalosporins. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of chemical structure in determining the risk of cross-reactivity between specific agents.

Premedication with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine for transfusion with leucoreduced blood products in children

Febrile non-haemolytic or allergic reactions occur in 0.1-30% of transfusions; physicians often premedicate patients with acetaminophen or diphenhydramine to prevent these reactions. The effectiveness of this practice has not been demonstrated. In this retrospective review of all transfusions at our institution during 2002, 385 patients received 7900 evaluable leucoreduced, irradiated blood products (4280 single-donor apheresis platelets and 3620 packed red blood cells). Febrile reactions occurred in 0.95% of 4108 transfusions with, and 0.53% of 3792 transfusions without, acetaminophen premedication. Allergic reactions occurred in 0.90% of 4315 transfusions with, and 0.56% of 3585 transfusions without, diphenhydramine premedication. In a multivariate analysis that adjusted for age, patient category, transfusion location, product, transfusion history, and reaction history, premedication with acetaminophen was associated with a statistically non-significant increase in the odds of a febrile reaction (odds ratio 1.74; 95% confidence interval 0.71-4.23; P = 0.22), and diphenhydramine with a non-significant increase in allergic reactions (odds ratio 1.74; 95% confidence interval 0.99-3.06; P = 0.054). Reactions occurred in only 1.3% of the 518 transfusions to patients with a history of two or more prior reactions. Febrile and allergic transfusion reactions were rare in paediatric patients transfused with leucoreduced, irradiated blood products, whether premedication was used or not.

Allergic reactions to Japanese encephalitis vaccine.

Allergic reactions to Japanese encephalitis vaccine.

Evaluation of the need for routine preoperative latex allergy tests in children.

Recently, there was a great increase in allergic reactions to latex and this brought relatively more concern to the latex allergy. In this prospective study we aimed to identify the frequency of latex allergy in preoperative patients, and tried to clarify whether it is necessary to perform latex allergy tests routinely in the preoperative period or not. A total of 188 children, aged 1-14, who were admitted for various operations, were randomly included in this study and of them, 181 completed the study. Latex specific history was taken from all patients. Latex skin prick tests, challenge tests with latex gloves, total IgE and latex specific IgE measurements were performed. Of 181 children, two (1.1%) had positive latex skin prick tests. Latex challenge tests were negative in all children. Latex specific IgE was positive in 12 children (6.6%) as class II or higher, but no patient had allergic reactions in operations. History of repeated operations was a risk factor for latex sensitization. The risk was higher in the presence of both history of repeated operations and history of allergic disease. However, the risk was not higher in patients with the history of only allergic disease, compared to ones who had a history of neither repeated operations nor allergic disease. We conclude that routine preoperative latex allergy tests seem to be not necessary because of no allergic reactions during operation in spite of the sensitization of 6.6% detected by latex specific IgE. However, this should be investigated in larger studies.

Structure of the Major Peanut Allergen Ara h 1 May Protect IgE-Binding Epitopes from Degradation

In the past decade, there has been an increase in allergic reactions to peanut proteins, sometimes resulting in fatal anaphylaxis. The development of improved methods for diagnosis and treatment of peanut allergies requires a better understanding of the structure of the allergens. Ara h 1, a major peanut allergen belonging to the vicilin family of seed storage proteins, is recognized by serum IgE from >90% of peanut-allergic patients. In this communication, Ara h 1 was shown to form a highly stable homotrimer. Hydrophobic interactions were determined to be the main molecular force holding monomers together. A molecular model of the Ara h 1 trimer was constructed to view the stabilizing hydrophobic residues in the three dimensional structure. Hydrophobic amino acids that contribute to trimer formation are at the distal ends of the three dimensional structure where monomer-monomer contacts occur. Coincidentally, the majority of the IgE-binding epitopes are also located in this region, suggesting that they may be protected from digestion by the monomer-monomer contacts. On incubation of Ara h 1 with digestive enzymes, various protease-resistant fragments containing IgE-binding sites were identified. The highly stable nature of the Ara h 1 trimer, the presence of digestion resistant fragments, and the strategic location of the IgE-binding epitopes indicate that the quaternary structure of a protein may play a significant role in overall allergenicity.

Contact allergy to tioconazole.

In 15 months, we detected allergic patch test reactions to tioconazole in 14 patients. 9 of the 14 patients were allergic to additional imidazole derivatives used as antifungal agents. The positive patch test reactions to tioconazole may have been caused either by simultaneous sensitization or more probably by cross-reactivity between the various commercially used imidazole derivatives with a similar chemical structure. The abundant use of tioconazole in concentrated (up to 28%) topical formulations in Finland could be the major cause of the apparent increase in allergic reactions.

EFFECT OF RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTION ON THE UPTAKE AND IMMUNE RESPONE TO DIETARY ANTIGENS: POSSIBLE ROLE IN POTENTIATION OF ALLERGY

Groups of Balb/c-mice were sham infected or infected intranasally (I/N) with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The animals were repeatedly exposed I/N to ovalbumin (OVA), with or without adjuvant (Alum). At different intervals, levels of anti-OVA antibody and OVA concentrations were determined in serum and pulmonary lavage fluid (PLF) employing the techniques of Elisa (for IgG, IgA, IgM) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (for IgE). In all mice, anti-OVA IgG in the serum reached peak liters after 24 days, with statistically significant higher titers in the infected mice compared to uninfected controls. OVA-specific IgA and IgM could be detected in low concentrations in both groups. Antigen-specific IgA in PLF was detectable from 17 to 31 days after exposure, with higher titers for the RSV-infected animals. OVA-specific IgE response in serum and PLF was demonstrable in 20% of the infected mice and in none of the controls. OVA concentration in serum peaked at 2 hours after administration and appeared to be higher in RSV infected animals as well as non infected animals treated with adjuvant, when compared to uninfected animals without adjuvant treatment. These observations suggest that acute bronchopulmonary infection with RSV is associated with significant increase in the development of IgG and IgE immune response to other concurrently inhaled antigens. These findings may explain the observed nonspecific increase in allergic reactions to dietary antigens during viral infection.

Arzneimittel-Unverträglichkeitsreaktionen in der perioperativen Phase - Pathophysiologie, Diagnose, Therapie

The increase in allergic reactions compels the anaesthetist to exercise great care when administering anaesthetics exclusively intravenously, because anaphylactic or anaphylactoid reactions can become a life-threatening problem for the patient within a very short time. Unfortunately the information given by patients is often very incomplete and the risk of allergic reactions is not eliminated by false positive or negative results in the skin test. There are only a few drugs available as antigens for the RAST test. Apart from avoiding histamine-releasing drugs, this information gap can only be countered in high-risk patients by preoperative prophylaxis with H1 and H2 receptor antagonists.

Syphilis; review of the recent literature.

Many of the problems covered by the literature on syphilis during this review period (July 1, 1957-July 1, 1958) have been summarized by Fiumara1in a paper with the provocative title, Sic Semper Syphilis. He notes that the tremendous improvements made since 1938 in the control of this disease have been due to the organization and operation of venereal disease control programs and to the effect of penicillin in decreasing the period of infectiousness. Problems involved are the sexual promiscuity of the population, failure of private physicians to report cases, inherent limitations of control methods, mobility of the population, and overoptimism in assuming that the disease has been beaten. Syphilis cannot be totally eradicated, but the incidence rate can be reduced by effective cooperation of an organized health program and alert private physicians. Both are required. Attention is called to the increase in allergic reactions to penicillin—also, to the

Syphilis; review of the recent literature.

Many of the problems covered by the literature on syphilis during this review period (July 1, 1957-July 1, 1958) have been summarized by Fiumara1in a paper with the provocative title, "Sic Semper Syphilis." He notes that the tremendous improvements made since 1938 in the control of this disease have been due to the organization and operation of venereal disease control programs and to the effect of penicillin in decreasing the period of infectiousness. Problems involved are the sexual promiscuity of the population, failure of private physicians to report cases, inherent limitations of control methods, mobility of the population, and overoptimism in assuming that the disease has been beaten. Syphilis cannot be totally eradicated, but the incidence rate can be reduced by effective cooperation of an organized health program and alert private physicians. Both are required. Attention is called to the increase in allergic reactions to penicillin—also, to the