Incorrect Task Research Articles

Hybrid fault tolerant cost aware mechanism for scientific workflow in cloud computing

Cloud computing provides solutions for diverse commercial and academic applications which is the primary goal. Scientific workflows are used in the cloud-computing environment to analyses large-scale scientific applications. For scientific workflows, many data is required, and a single scientific workflow that includes hundreds of stages, depending on the application's time restrictions, task failures, money limits, incorrect task organization, and task management issues can all hinder the implementation of scientific methods. In light of this, a cloud-based scientific workflow management and scheduling system that is fault-tolerant and data-oriented method are proposed. This research designs a novel hybrid cost-aware fault tolerant (HCFT) mechanism for minimizing the cost. Moreover, HCFT integrates optimal clustering and efficient resource utilization through parallel and distributed execution. Novelty of HCFT lies in novel clustering of the similar task for improvisation, CyberShake, laser interferometer gravitational wave observatory (LIGO), Montage, and sRNA identification protocol using high throughput technology (SIPHT) processes are used in the simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach.

Surprise-minimization as a solution to the structural credit assignment problem.

The structural credit assignment problem arises when the causal structure between actions and subsequent outcomes is hidden from direct observation. To solve this problem and enable goal-directed behavior, an agent has to infer structure and form a representation thereof. In the scope of this study, we investigate a possible solution in the human brain. We recorded behavioral and electrophysiological data from human participants in a novel variant of the bandit task, where multiple actions lead to multiple outcomes. Crucially, the mapping between actions and outcomes was hidden and not instructed to the participants. Human choice behavior revealed clear hallmarks of credit assignment and learning. Moreover, a computational model which formalizes action selection as the competition between multiple representations of the hidden structure was fit to account for participants data. Starting in a state of uncertainty about the correct representation, the central mechanism of this model is the arbitration of action control towards the representation which minimizes surprise about outcomes. Crucially, single-trial latent-variable analysis reveals that the neural patterns clearly support central quantitative predictions of this surprise minimization model. The results suggest that neural activity is not only related to reinforcement learning under correct as well as incorrect task representations but also reflects central mechanisms of credit assignment and behavioral arbitration.

Easy JavaScript Simulation (EJSS) Data Analytics for Singapore

We have integrated Easy JavaScript Simulation (EJSS) Data Analytics into the national Learning Management System for Singapore schools, known as the Singapore Student Learning Space (SLS). EJSS Data Analytics enhances the teaching and learning experience for educators and students by enabling educators to monitor and evaluate students’ interactions with interactive computer simulations. The data analytics and visualisation capabilities are delivered using the Moodle platform and version 1.3 of the specifications for Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI). In this paper, we showcase the potential for EJSS Data Analytics to identify students’ learning difficulties and misconceptions. Four examples of EJSS Data Analytics applications are provided to illustrate insights on aspects that include understanding a student’s sequential actions leading to specific task outcomes, the frequency of task attempts by each student, and the ratio of students achieving correct versus incorrect task completions. We identify five key considerations for designing the EJSS teacher dashboard. These considerations relate to Student Thought Process, Student Behaviour, Student Engagement, Student Choice, and Teacher Feedback. These five facets provide a framework for aligning our design efforts with the needs of students and teachers, also drawing upon research in data analytics for education.

Does L2 assessment make a difference? Testing the empirical validity of applied cognitive linguistics in the acquisition of the Spanish/L2 psych-verb construction

This article lies within the field of applied cognitive linguistics (ACL) and presents empirical work that addresses overlooked effects of assessment typology in second language (L2) learning. It examines whether pairing a cognitive instructional approach with matching assessment design results in greater learning outcomes over the more pervasive notional-functional approaches. The last two decades have witnessed a proliferation of empirical research measuring the effectiveness of ACL-based teaching approaches, yet studies have only been partly fruitful in eliciting data that truly favors ACL. We argue that this is largely due to assessment design, which typically measures performance via correct vs. incorrect tasks. To overcome this caveat, two studies addressing the complex Spanish psych-verb construction (e.g. gustar ‘to like’) were conducted following a pretest/posttest/delayed-posttest design for three empirical conditions (control, cognitive, and traditional): a pilot study ( n = 59) and a larger replication ( n = 160). Data collection entailed ACL-based assessment for interpretation and production tasks. Results showed that after instruction, the cognitive group significantly outperformed the traditional counterpart in both tasks. These findings lend support to the effectiveness of pairing cognitive instruction and cognitive assessment for difficult grammatical constructions.

Perspicacious Fuzzy Clustering Franchised by Grasshopper Optimization Dexterity for Robust Resource Scheduling with Effective Load Balancing in Cloud Precedent

Utilizing cloud resources become promising in encroachment of internet technology, countenancing everyone to use resources for little or no cost. It will be very important to have task scheduling for sharing resources in cloud environment. To maintain effective resource usage, cloud technology equally divides workload among shareable resources when it receives task requests. Machine learning and metaheuristic algorithms afford dynamic component for equitable task distribution in cloud paradigm. The current state-of-art unsupervised models-based load balancing arbitrarily selects centroid locations and struggles to achieve incorrect task requests. Using an optimization technique that takes inspiration from behavioral science, study aims to build well-balanced clustering model-based task scheduling system. In order to efficiently schedule tasks among virtual servers in cloud environment, this proposed work styles aids of perspicacious fuzzy and Grass Hopper algorithms. The results showed that PFC-GOD upsurges cloud resources usage while lowering make-span, execution time, and high balance load scheduling.

Evolutionary competitive multitasking optimization via improved adaptive differential evolution

Competitive multitasking optimization (CMTO) is a special multitasking optimization paradigm that has been recently proposed. In the CMTO problems, the objective values of all tasks are competitive, and the purpose of CMTO is to find an optimal solution for multiple tasks. However, existing algorithms designed for the CMTO problems perform poorly since their resource allocation strategies are prone to incorrect task selection. To remedy this drawback, this paper proposes an improved multitasking adaptive differential evolution, which can be featured as: (i) a success-history based resource allocation strategy is proposed; (ii) an adaptive random mating probability control strategy is devised to adapt to different task combinations; (iii) an adaptive multitasking differential evolution operator is designed to enhance the searchability. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, three CMTO benchmark test suites and two real-world optimization problems are chosen. Compared with other related methods, the results show that the proposed method achieved better performance empirically.

Configuring mission-specific behavior in a product line of collaborating Small Unmanned Aerial Systems

In emergency response scenarios, autonomous small Unmanned Aerial Systems (sUAS) must be configured and deployed quickly and safely to perform mission-specific tasks. In this paper, we present Drone Response, a Software Product Line for rapidly configuring and deploying a multi-role, multi-sUAS mission whilst guaranteeing a set of safety properties related to the sequencing of tasks within the mission. Individual sUAS behavior is governed by an onboard state machine, combined with coordination handlers which are configured dynamically within seconds of launch and ultimately determine the sUAS’ behaviors, transition decisions, and interactions with other sUAS, as well as human operators. The just-in-time manner in which missions are configured precludes robust upfront testing of all conceivable combinations of features — both within individual sUAS and across cohorts of collaborating ones. To ensure the absence of common types of configuration failures and to promote safe deployments, we check vital properties of the dynamically generated sUAS specifications and coordination handlers before sUAS are assigned their missions. We evaluate our approach in two ways. First, we perform validation tests to show that the end-to-end configuration process results in correctly executed missions, and second, we apply fault-based mutation testing to show that our safety checks successfully detect incorrect task sequences.

Dissociating stimulus-response compatibility and modality compatibility in task switching

Modality compatibility (MC) describes the similarity between the modality of the stimulus and the modality of the anticipated response effect (e.g., auditory effects when speaking). Switching between two incompatible modality mappings (visual-vocal and auditory-manual) typically leads to larger costs than switching between two compatible modality mappings (visual-manual and auditory-vocal). However, it is unclear whether the influence of MC arises before or after task selection or response selection, or affects both processes. We investigated this issue by introducing a factor known to influence response selection, stimulus-response (S-R) compatibility, examining possible interactions with MC. In Experiment 1, stimulus location was task-irrelevant; participants responded manually or vocally to the meaning of visual and auditory colour words presented left or right (Simon task). In Experiment 2, stimulus location was task-relevant; participants responded manually or vocally, indicating the location (left or right) of visual or auditory stimuli, using a spatially compatible versus incompatible mapping rule (“element-level” S-R compatibility). Results revealed independent effects of S-R and modality compatibility in both experiments (n = 40 per experiment). Bayes factors suggested moderate but consistent evidence for the absence of an interaction. Independent effects suggest MC effects arise either before or after response selection, or possibly both. We propose that motor response initiation is associated with anticipatory activation of modality-specific sensory effects (e.g., auditory effects when speaking), which in turn facilitates the correct response in case of modality-compatible mappings (e.g., auditory-vocal) or reactivates, at the task-selection level, the incorrect task in case of modality-incompatible mappings (e.g., visual-vocal).

Studying LiFePO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- powder samples via X-ray diffraction techniques using artificial neural networks

A set of LiFePO4 samples has been studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Using the technique of artificial neural networks, the shape of SAXS curves has been reconstructed taking into account the hardware function. Estimates of homogeneitiessizes and shapes in the studied LiFePO4 samples have been obtained. Keywords: Small-angle X-ray scattering, artificial neural network, lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, incorrect tasks regularization.

Application of Solutions of Uncorrected Tasksʼ Theory for Managing of Production Processesʼ Robustness

The industrial revolution of “Industry 4.0” is currently underway at an active pace. Individualization of provided products and services, transition to single production, the issues of acceptability of production processes at the stage of development and design have became urgent. The aim of this work was to develop a strategy for a fundamental solution to the task of guaranteed acceptability of production processes as an integral quality characteristic.We have proposed a systematic approach to strategy development. The basis of the approach was the theory of incorrect tasks solving. We adapted signs of correctness of mathematical tasks by J. Adamar to the tasks of ensuring acceptability of production processes (technological and measurement). They were used in the part of identification of properties of display of incorrectness and ways of incorrectnessʼ management.We have proposed to consider the property of robustness as a generalized index of acceptability for production processes (technological and measurement). We substantiate the equivalence of the concepts of incorrectness of tasks according to J. Adamar and losses of robustness of production processes. We conclude that the developed approaches and techniques of the theory of incorrect tasks can be put in a basis of the system approach to an estimation and management of losses of robustness of production processes. We have proposed a classification of situations of robustness losses in production processes in accordance with the classification of the signs of incorrect tasks by J. Adamar.We have developed a two-step algorithm for ensuring the robustness of production processes at the stage of their development. It included identification of the sources of robustness losses and management of input factors that cause significant variation in process output. This has given a practical implementation of a strategy to guarantee the acceptability of production processes. We have systematized the sources of potential losses in the robustness of production processes and proposed a two-stage mechanism for managing them. We have justified rational methods of ensuring the robustness of production processes for each stage based on, the practice of uncorrected tasks solving. We have proposed a method for ensuring high efficiency of robustness loss management in certain situations. The principles of G. Taguchiʼs robust redesigning of production processes formed the basis of our method.

Current trends in budget and legal regulation

Problem setting. Nowadays Ukrainian society is in a state of permanent transformation, due to many factors, among which it is possible to designate both European integration and digitalization processes, which currently have a very intense impact on various spheres of life. New ones are accepted, as well as numerous changes to existing regulatory acts governing various kinds of relations. Not an exception are budget relations, which are transformed under the influence of objective and subjective factors. In this swirl of events of particular importance, the problem of quality of those normative changes that are initiated by the subjects of the legislative initiative today becomes a problem. The fact is that the effectiveness of the legal regulation, the effectiveness of its action, the successful implementation of the tasks for which such a normative legal act was created depends on how much normative legal acts or changes to it will be of high quality. A particularly significant problem is the need to ensure the financing of budget expenditures, the fulfillment of budget obligations in crisis conditions. As it is seen, the subjects of the legislative initiative do not have time or do not know how to deeply study the problems posed to the solution, and since then they set incorrect tasks for changing approaches to the modern regulation of budgetary legal relations, the implementation of which is not able to ensure their practical implementation. The purpose of the article is to study modern trends in budgetary and legal regulation in Ukraine. Article’s main body. The presented publication focuses on the study of modern innovations in the field of budgetary and legal regulation. It is emphasized that in the present, the problem of quality of those normative changes initiated by the subjects of the legislative initiative becomes of particular importance. It is emphasized that the introduction of modern technologies in the conditions of digitalization of all spheres of public life, including in the sphere of budgetary and legal regulation, is positive. At the same time, for their effective implementation, it is necessary to systematically approach the solution of this issue and develop proposals for changes and additions in a number of articles of the Budget Code of Ukraine. The authors stated the inappropriacy of expanding the list of articles of certain normative legal acts, whose financing is dependent on the discretion of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, taking into account the availability of financial resources of state and local budgets and the budget of mandatory state social insurance. Conclusions. Based on the analysis, we conclude that any changes to the legislation, especially in the field of public finance, should be constructive and contribute to the achievement of the goal of their implementation in law enforcement. At the same time, any legislative innovations should be complex and comply with generally accepted rules and standards of rule-making technique.

WITHDRAWN: Study of a computational model for a differential equation with empirical functions based on the integral equations Fredholm of the first kind

The work out lines a method of constructing an approximate solution of a differential equation of the second order with input data obtained in the experiment (empirical functions). In such statement the problem belongs to the class of incorrect mathematical problems and often occurs, for example, in mathematical models of physical phenomena using measurement results of field experiments. To obtain the approximate solution of this problem requires construction of appropriate regularization algorithms based on the methods of the theory of functional analysis and ill-posed problems. In the present work is the construction of the approximate solution of odes with specified boundary conditions, are the so-called singular integrals. This allows you to put in the original equation Fredholm integral equation of the first kind and to find its numerical solution, i.e. the solution of the incorrect task. This uses a machine approximation of functions and their deriva- tives corresponding singular integrals and regularization method convergence of the sequence of approximate solutions, which implemented the so-called generalized inverse operators. Built in the end, a computational model allows to obtain a stable solution of ill-posed problems.

Mixture Problem For Abstract Poliсalorical The Equations

In article the incorrect task for abstract polycaloric the equation is studied and a stability assessment according to Tikhonov is given.

Methods Of Increasing Spectral Resolution Of Imaging Spectrometers Built On The Basis Of Multi–channel Radiation Detectors

The article proposes the methods of object shooting by means of a spectrometer based on a multi-channel radiation detector and further processing of its results allowing spectral resolution of such spectrometers significantly to increase with the same original spatial resolution. The mathematical model of the shooting process is provided. It is determined that restoration of spectral radiance of objects based on the shooting data using the proposed method is a mathematically incorrect inverse task. The Greville method, the method of wavelet transformation, the Tikhonov regularisation method, and the Godunov method were considered as methods for its solution. The results of computational modelling of the considered methods are shown and it is found that restoration of spectral radiance of objects based on the shooting data using the considered methods is possible and relative error of restoration is at a fraction of per cent scale. It is determined that the wavelet transformation method is an optimal method of solution of the incorrect spectral radiance restoration task. It is also shown that the proposed method of imaging spectrometry is applicable both when using matrix radiation detectors with increased number of narrow-band filters and when using widely spread standard three-channel matrix RGB detectors of radiation.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Induced Motor Cortex Activity Influences Visual Awareness Judgments.

The influence of non-visual information on visual awareness judgments has recently gained substantial interest. Using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we investigate the potential contribution of evidence from the motor system to judgment of visual awareness. We hypothesized that TMS-induced activity in the primary motor cortex (M1) would increase reported visual awareness as compared to the control condition. Additionally, we investigated whether TMS-induced motor-evoked potential (MEP) could measure accumulated evidence for stimulus perception. Following stimulus presentation and TMS, participants first rated their visual awareness verbally using the Perceptual Awareness Scale (PAS), after which they responded manually to a Gabor orientation identification task. Delivering TMS to M1 resulted in higher average awareness ratings as compared to the control condition, in both correct and incorrect identification task response trials, when the hand with which participants responded was contralateral to the stimulated hemisphere (TMS-response-congruent trials). This effect was accompanied by longer PAS response times (RTs), irrespective of the congruence between TMS and identification response. Moreover, longer identification RTs were observed in TMS-response-congruent trials in the M1 condition as compared to the control condition. Additionally, the amplitudes of MEPs were related to the awareness ratings when response congruence was taken into account. We argue that MEP can serve as an indirect measure of evidence accumulated for stimulus perception and that longer PAS RTs and higher amplitudes of MEPs in the M1 condition reflect integration of additional evidence with visual awareness judgment. In conclusion, we advocate that motor activity influences perceptual awareness judgments.

Selective bypassing and mapping for heterogeneous applications on GPGPUs

Modern GPGPU supports executing multiple tasks with different run time characteristics and resource utilization. Having an efficient execution and resource management policy has been shown to be a critical performance factor when handling the concurrent execution of tasks with different run time behavior. Previous policies either assign equal resources to disparate tasks or allocate resources based on static or standalone behavior profiling. Treating tasks equally cannot efficiently utilize the system resources, while the standalone profiling ignores the correlated impact when running tasks concurrently and could hint incorrect task behavior. This paper addresses the above drawbacks and proposes a heterogeneity aware Selective Bypassing and Mapping (SBM) to manage both computing and cache resources for multiple tasks in a fine-grain manner. The light-weight run time profiling of SBM properly characterizes the disparate behavior of the concurrently executed multiple tasks, and selectively applies suited cache management and workgroup mapping policies to each task. When compared with the previous coarse-grained policies, SBM can achieve an average of 138% and up to 895% performance enhancement. When compared with the state-of-art fine-grained policy, SBM can achieve an average of 58% and up to 378% performance enhancement.

PYTHON AS AN EFFECTIVE TOOL OF DEVELOPING DIGITAL RESOURCES FOR NUMERICAL SOLVING SYSTEMS OF LINEAR ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS

The solution of systems of linear algebraic equations (SLAE) is one of the most common problems in applications. Such problems usually require large amounts of computing. Often, solving a system is an incorrect task when the matrix of its coefficients has a rectangular shape, degenerate or poorly conditioned. Today, without the use of modern means of information and communication technologies, it is generally impossible to imagine solution of a SLAU. The article substantiates the need to develop a digital resource for solving systems of linear algebraic equations of any complexity, with different types of coefficient matrix. It is shown that one of the most effective development tools is the Python programming language. Due to the presence of many packages, it has a sufficient set of tools for its implementation. The built-in functions of the mathematical packages NumPy and SciPy, designed to solve linear algebra problems, are considered. The possibilities of using the Matplotlib package to visualize the solution of SLAE and the Tkinter built-in package for developing the graphical interface of the resource being developed are shown.

Outcome expectancy and suboptimal risky choice in nonhuman primates.

Animals will favor a risky option when a stimulus signaling reward bridges the choice and the outcome. The present experiments investigated signal-induced risky choices and reward-outcome expectations in rhesus and capuchin monkeys. Risky choice was assessed by preference for a large-probabilistic reward over a modest-certain reward. Outcome expectancy was assessed by providing a truncation-response to shorten the delay period. In Experiment 1 both species generally favored the risky option compared to a safe option when the outcomes were signaled and generally shortened the delays except when a signaled-loss stimulus was presented. The use of the delay-truncation response suggested that the monkeys were sensitive to the information conveyed by the stimulus. Experiments 2 and 3 were designed to investigate whether the delay-truncation response used by capuchin monkeys was strategically used reflecting explicit decision-making versus a conditioned response to reward stimuli. A perceptual judgment task was included and the selective use of the delay-truncation response on unsignaled correct trials may suggest the involvement of metacognitive processes. The capuchin monkeys generally truncated the delays except under conditions where reward would not be expected (risky-loss or incorrect-judgment). When the outcomes were unsignaled during the delay some capuchin monkeys were less likely to truncate the delay following an incorrect task response. Overall, the monkeys: (1) made more risky choices when the outcomes were signaled - consistent with gambling-like behavior. (2) selectively truncated the unsignaleddelays when rewards could be anticipated (even when metacognitive-like awareness guided anticipation) - suggesting that delay truncation responses reflect explicit outcome expectancy.

Methods for solving incorrect tasks of electrodynamic analysis of radiating structures based on chiral metamaterials

This article is devoted to the development of correct methods for electrodynamic analysis of single and multi-element radiating structures with substrates of chiral metamaterials. An approach to the electrodynamic analysis of such antennas based on the method of singular integral representations of the field and the method of surface impedances is proposed. A system of singular integral equations with respect to unknown distribution functions of current density over emitters is obtained. The proposed method was tested using the example of solving a test problem using the Feko software package. The prospects of using such ICs in MIMO systems are shown, which make it possible to increase their efficiency, in particular, to increase throughput. The effect of azimuthal scattering of electromagnetic waves is also presented, which can be used to create low-profile antennas of subscriber radio communication stations installed on mobile objects.

Exploring group interactions in synchronous mobile computer-supported learning activities

This paper presents the results of a study of synchronous mobile computer-supported collaborative learning (mCSCL) that emphasized levels of pre-structuring in the context of primary school participants who need more guidance to benefit from the collaborative work. The male and female participants, who were, on average, 8-year-old primary school students, used Internet-connected mobile devices to work synchronously in small groups on mathematics tasks. The study examined two mCSCL interaction modes. In the first mode, each group member is assigned a role, and should have completed one part of the task before the group members negotiated their solutions. In the second mode, all group members completed parts of the task individually, and then negotiated their solutions to progress through the activity. The two interaction modes were compared in terms of student task completion attempts and incorrect completion attempts. The study results are of medium to large effect size and indicated that for tasks of lower difficulty, task distribution using roles led to statistically significantly more incorrect task completion attempts compared to the design without roles. For tasks of greater difficulty, there were more incorrect task completion attempts in groups with no explicit distribution of work compared to the groups with roles. The design of synchronous mCSCL technology emphasizes the importance of state preservation mechanisms, synchronization mechanisms, and immediate feedback messages. Practical implications of this study are that teachers must actively consider the type of mCSCL design they choose when preparing their mobile collaborative lessons, and choose an adequate design for the planned task difficulty level.