Incorrect Drawings Research Articles

Using HistoGuide Mobile Application (Virtual Microscopy): A Qualitative Pilot Study on Usability and Sixth Form Students’ Learning Experience

HistoGuide application is a smartphone application system used by sixth form students as virtual microscopy and slides to solve the problems of incorrect drawing and labelling, inability to apply magnification and scale, and inability to observe details in microscopic practical works. However, as a newly developed application, there are still many who do not understand the usability of the HistoGuide application. In building a good application, one important part is good usability. Usability testing, especially in the HistoGuide application, can show users' ease and efficiency in using the system. The authors try to use qualitative usability testing through observation, document analysis and interviews with four participants as a pilot study before a real study. The analysis revealed the preference of the students for utilizing virtual microscopy as an educational tool in terms of usability, in the construct of usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, satisfaction, effectiveness and efficiency. These results indicate that the HistoGuide application is good. The results of usability measurement are expected to help the development and improvement of the HistoGuide application in the future, besides gauging the students’ learning experience. The study also revealed that students accepted virtual microscopic learning tool that was easy to use, available at a distance, encouraged collaboration and mastery, changed learning attitudes and emulated the same concepts of optical microscopy. Although there are some concerns and challenges, the overall learning experiences are highly positive towards complementing optical microscopy with virtual microscopy.

Visualizing Properties of a Quadratic Function Using Torricelli’s Fountain

In the same chapter of his book Opera Geometrica, Torricelli published two discoveries: 1) initial velocity of a jet from a container increases with the square root of the depth of the hole; 2) he drew the pattern of jets from three openings at the wall of a container filled with water to constant level H and determined the height of the hole with maximal range. In studying the pattern, Torricelli used the mentioned law of initial velocities and Galileo’s law of free fall and projectile motion. The first Torricelli discovery is now well known in physics education under the name Torricelli’s law. But the pattern of jets from a container entered into physics literature along two ways, which we propose to name “da Vinci’s way” and “Torricelli’s way.” Along “da Vinci’s way” educators and textbook authors (Ref. 2 and textbooks and articles cited by Biser and Atkin) present incorrect drawings of jets in order to incorrectly “demonstrate” the correct Torricelli’s law. Along “Torricelli’s way” educators point out that the shape and range of a jet depend on the initial velocity as well as on the time of flight of a jet. Using algebra and calculus (instead of geometry, proportions, and narrative used by Torricelli and Galileo) the shape of trajectories, their envelope, range, and meeting of two jets at an arbitrary datum level are determined by quadratic function and quadratic equation. Their detailed mathematical analysis is presented in this paper.

Applicability of Surveying Professional Practice in Land Use Planning for Community Land Conflict Extrication in Mbeya Rural Area

Land conflict has been noted to be an intervening phenomenon for quite longer as it has caused many misunderstanding, competition and violence between different society group as well as adjacent land owners. Different factors has been noted in different literatures related to land conflict like scarcity of resource (water, land, pasture), policies, politics on land decision matters, land law, irregularities on land allocation procedures etc. This study explains the applicability of surveying professional practice in land use planning for community land conflict extrication in Mbeya rural area. Three districts were randomly selected as a pilot survey area for the study. Land officer, land surveyor and planners were considered as important participants in land related issues as well as participating in land conflict extrication. The study revealed that poor procedure on land planning and demarcation, poor technical survey skills, poor adherence to survey practice as well as poor participation of surveyors from inception and or during base map and or town planning drawing preparation mostly results to poor and or incorrect drawing which would always be used by the planner for land use planning. However the use of inaccurate surveying equipment like a hand held Global positioning system (GPS) which has the accuracy of up to ±3m was noted to facilitate encroachment and hence the land conflict between neibour if not well and early settled. Nevertheless the applicability of the surveying professional practice was considered to resolve the problems. A well trained and experienced surveyor should be engaged during preliminary spatial data capture for base map and or town planning drawing preparation, a work which to-date at large is being done by the planner who in reality lacks the surveying professional practice in either using surveying equipment or data analysis something in turn leads to prolonged land conflict.

Зрительный эффект членения поверхности

This paper has been devoted to the influence of surface decomposition on the visual perception of flat and three-dimensional figures’ sizes and proportions. A common stereotype is that the object surface’s vertical decompositions visually increase its height, decreasing its width, and vice versa the horizontal ones increase the width, reducing the height. There are a lot of examples for this in the art history, architecture and design, including academic literature. It’s approved unsubstantiated that "rooms with transverse stripes on the walls are perceived as wide and low and give the impression of movement and dynamism of space. Longitudinal bands, on the contrary, visually increase the height and create the impression of peace and static character". In the present paper has been demonstrated the fallacy of this stereotype propagated in art, architecture and design. Surface decompositions visually increase the transverse, and not the longitudinal in relation to decompositions dimension of the object. This was noticed by scientists for a long time and is known as the Helmholtz effect. The converse proposition, as well as a proposal that under certain conditions the opposite effect is possible, is either unfounded or based on incorrect drawings, examples of which are given in the paper. Images of flat and volumetric bodies, carried out by the author in a graphic editor, take into account different factors influencing the perception, such as contour lines, shades, perspective distortions. Have been considered decompositions for a variety of geometrical figures and clothing. Taken into account the possible influence of other visual effects. These images show that the Helmholtz effect pronouncedness in different images is different, but the opposite effect is always absent. A discrete object appears larger than equal-sized continual one, as the discrete object carries more visual information, and divided material object occupies a space no less than the holistic one.

Using Dynamic Geometry Software for the Intersection Surfaces

The purpose of this study is to define prospective teacher views about using dynamic geometry software for intersection surfaces. The study was conducted as a case study. For this purpose, data collection tool was developed based on the opinion of two experts. The data collection tool consists of 4 open-ended questions related to the intersection surfaces. The research sample consisted of 42 prospective mathematics teachers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three prospective teachers to obtain more detailed information. The analysis process was performed within a descriptive-interpretative approach to reveal the effects of dynamics geometry software on prospective teachers’ opinion. Qualitative data was presented under various themes. The obtained data demonstrated that the prospective teachers had difficulties in determining the intersection surfaces, the intersections had been set incorrectly due to the incorrect drawings arising from the challenges in the visualization, and some conclusions had never gone beyond estimations. It was observed that the intersection surfaces were set easily in the learning environment supported by dynamic geometry software thanks to the visualization, cutting and moving features of the software. The obtained findings were supported by the snapshots of the prospective teachers’ answers taken from the dynamic drawings and interview sections before using the software and then. The conclusion was reached that dynamic geometry software contributed more to the prospective teachers in the setting of intersection surfaces than the process in which pen and paper were used. As a result, the dynamics geometry software, especially in the teaching of surface intersection was found to be an effective tool.

Assessment of the Impact of Complex Healthcare Features on Construction Waste Generation

Over recent years, the British government has been investing billions of pounds in new and refurbished healthcare building projects. With the rapid growth in investment in healthcare infrastructure throughout the United Kingdom, a number of sustainability issues have been created, including construction waste generation. There is growing consensus in the literature that healthcare buildings are “complex”, due to their unique functional and operational features, and are thus more prone to generating larger amounts of construction waste. However, no significant research has been undertaken to identify the relationships between complex features in building projects and construction waste production, which is the focus of this study. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire survey were conducted among healthcare clients, contractors, and architects. A life cycle approach has been adopted in this study to holistically assess and evaluate the effects of complexities with construction waste causes in healthcare projects. The findings reveal that the complex shapes and sizes of rooms, and mechanical and electrical services, significantly impact waste caused by such things as: incomplete briefing, incorrect drawing details, complex designs, non-standard designs, and inadequate communication and coordination in the pre-design, design, and construction stages.

A Cypro-Archaic I Vase Rediscovered

This paper describes and discusses a Black-on-Red II (IV) ware jug of the Cypro-Archaic I period, which was found at Idalion by Alexander Palma di Cesnola and was acquired by the Berlin Museums in 1893. It has hitherto been known from incorrect drawings. After World War II it was taken to the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, where it is now. The vase is decorated on both sides with a highly stylized human figure holding a 'comb'. The author compares its pictorial decoration with that on other vases from Cyprus and suggests that the vase-painter probably intended to represent xoana, i.e.cultic statues of wood, which embodied the divine power. Such 'statues' were known in Cyprus from the Bronze Age. The origin of such statues may be Near Eastern, from where the idea was borrowed by the Greeks in the 8th century BC. The 'comb' may also be a cultic motif.

Measuring and Modeling the Misinterpretation of 3-D Perspective Views

Last year, we showed that there are systematic distortions in the perceptual reconstruction of scenes shown in 3–D perspective views (Smallman, St. John, and Cowen, 2002). We posited a new Cross-Scaling model which states that the depth cue of linear perspective, which is only relevant to widths across the scene (X), is inappropriately used to scale depths into the scene (Y), resulting in systematic misperceptions. Here, we report three experiments that test and refine this Cross-Scaling model and we relate it to a broader array of tasks and phenomena. In Exp 1, participants reproduced a square grid as it would appear to them from an oblique perspective. In Exp 2, they picked a drawing, from 25 alternatives, that closest approximated the Exp 1 scene. In Exp 3, participants completed square grids on the ground of 3-D perspective views of scenes that contained only linear perspective or foreshortening depth cues. In Exps 1 & 3, in accordance with the model, participants consistently made grids in which X and Y tapered with distance (non-veridically) equally. In Exp 2, however, participants chose as most natural, an incorrect drawing, but one other than that predicted by the model. Overall, there is apparently a general misconception among viewers about the nature of perspective projection, similar to Naive Physics misconceptions, that accounts for a wide variety of previously unrelated perceptual phenomena; these have important human factors implications.

Overcoming superstrictness in line drawing interpretation

Presents an algorithm for correcting incorrect line drawings-incorrect projections of a polyhedral scene. Such incorrect drawings arise, e.g., when an image of a polyhedral world is taken, the edges and vertices are extracted, and a drawing is synthesized. Along the way, the true positions of the vertices in the 2D projection are perturbed due to digitization errors and the preprocessing. As most available algorithms for interpreting line drawings are superstrict, they judge these noisy inputs as incorrect and fail to reconstruct a three-dimensional scene from them. The presented method overcomes this problem by moving the positions of all vertices until a very close correct drawing is found. The closeness criterion is to minimize the sum of squared distances from each vertex in the input drawing to its corrected position. With this tool, any superstrict method for line drawing interpretation is now practical, as it can be applied to the corrected version of the input drawing.

Long-term memory for a common object

A series of experiments was done to determine how completely and accurately people remember the visual details of a common object, a United States penny. People were asked to: draw a penny from unaided recall; draw a penny given a list of its visual features; choose from among a list of possible features those which do appear on a penny; indicate what was wrong with an erroneous drawing of a penny; and select the correct representation of a penny from among a set of incorrect drawings. Performance was surprisingly poor on all tasks. On balance, the results were consistent with the idea that the visual details of an object, even a very familiar object, are typically available from memory only to the extent that they are useful in everyday life. It was also suggested that recognition tasks may make much smaller demands on memory than is commonly assumed.