Incorporation Of Waste Glass Research Articles

Utilization of Crushed Waste Glass as a Partial Replacement for Sand in Cement Mortar for a Sustainable Environment

The disposal of non-biodegradable waste glass poses a serious environmental threat as it can cause soil, water, and air pollution when not properly discarded in landfills. The use of glass in construction has shown promising results in enhancing various properties of concrete and improving overall sustainability. This study investigated the mechanical properties of mixed colored glass, comprising green and brown hues, and clear glass in mortar, to explore the feasibility of using colored glass as a replacement for sand and to determine how the addition of color affects the mechanical properties of mortar. The incorporation of waste glass as a partial replacement for sand resulted in a 2.7% increase in flow table values when 5% of Mixed Colored Glass Sand (MCGS) was utilized in place of sand, as compared to the control mix (CM). Conversely, a 5.4% and 4.7% decrease in flow table values were observed when 15% of clear glass (CGS) and MCGS were used as a substitute for sand respectively. When 15% of MCGS and CGS were replaced with sand, compressive strength increased by 60% and 42.6% respectively, compared to the control mix, when 5% MCGS, 10% MCGS, 5 CGS, and 10% CGS were observed. After 28 days of curing, a 10.6% and 10% increase in strength was observed when 10% of MCGS and CGS were replaced. At 7 days, a 3.3% increase in flexural strength was found when 5% of MCGS was replaced with sand was observed. The fire resistance test showed reduced mass and compressive strength of specimens at different temperatures. No significant expansion of ASR was recorded throughout the test period. The use of waste glass as a substitute for sand has shown improvements in environmental sustainability and economics. When 10%WGS and 15%WGS were utilized, 20% and 30% of waste glass sand was replaced with sand, respectively. Incorporating waste glass into construction enhances the mechanical properties of concrete and promotes the conservation of natural resources and environmental sustainability. This study examined the economic advantages of replacing sand with waste glass and found that CM has the highest cost of 90.64 Tl. At replacement of 5%, 10%, and 15% MCGS showed 1.07%, 1.96%, and 2.95% savings compared to the control mix, respectively. Moreover, replacing 5%, and 10% of natural sand with clear glass sand could bring about savings of 1.91%%, and 3.63%, respectively. Replacing 15% CGS showed the highest savings of 5.45% compared to the control mix. The study compared the use of colored and clear glass as a partial replacement for sand and found that there were slight differences in the results, but overall they were similar.

Recycling of contaminated waste glass in ultra-high performance concrete: Impurities impact

The feasibility of recycling clean waste glass in construction products has been demonstrated. However, the direct utilization of contaminated waste glass from consumed beverage glass bottles may negatively affect the performance of concrete. This study aimed to investigate the effect of impurities in waste glass on the properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). Washed and unwashed waste glass powder and sand were used as cement and river sand substitutes, respectively. Light particles, clay and fine silt, organic impurities and aluminium content in waste glass were determined. The results showed that the use of washed waste glass powder (W-WGP), washed waste glass sand (W-WGS) and unwashed waste glass powder (U-WGP) had a limited negative effect on the compressive strength of UHPC. In contrast, the use of unwashed U-WGS significantly decreased the compressive strength of UHPC due to the presence of impurities (e.g., paper and metallic aluminium). However, the impurities in the unwashed waste glass could positively reduce the autogenous and drying shrinkages of UHPC. The metallic impurities reacted with an alkaline solution to generate gases, resulting in the expansion of the matrix and reduction of autogenous shrinkage at the early stage. X-ray CT and microstructural images indicated that expansion resulting from the U-WGS caused cracks in the matrix and degraded the interfacial zone between the U-WGS and the paste. However, the incorporation of waste glass did not induce any alkali-silica reaction expansion in UHPC due to its low water-cement ratio and dense structure. The UHPC prepared with 30 % U-WGP as a replacement for cement was found to achieve satisfactory performance and lower carbon emissions.

Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Concrete Reinforced with Crushed Glass and Glass Fiber: An Experimental Study

The incorporation of waste glass and glass fiber, as replacements for fine aggregate and cement respectively, offers a sustainable strategy to mitigate landfilling and virgin aggregate extraction. The present study delves into the influence of these waste derivatives on the mechanical and thermal attributes of concrete. Fine aggregate was substituted by crushed glass shards in a weight-to-weight ratio ranging from 5% to 30%, and cement was replaced by glass fiber in a weight-to-weight ratio of 1%. Mechanical attributes such as compressive, flexural, and splitting strength were evaluated, along with thermal characteristics of the concrete. A concrete mix ratio of 1:2:4 and a water/cement ratio of 0.45 were employed. The results revealed that concrete designated as Mcf20% demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to the reference concrete. After 28 days, compressive strength of 51.2 MPa, flexural strength of 6.5 MPa, and splitting tensile strength of 3.78 MPa were recorded for Mcf20% concrete, signifying the beneficial effects of the combined use of glass fiber and crushed glass. Furthermore, an inverse relationship was observed between the percentage of waste additives and thermal conductivity. This investigation underscores the potential of recycling glass and glass fiber as eco-friendly additives in concrete, improving both mechanical properties and thermal performance, thus endorsing their use in structural and architectural concrete applications.

Influence of high temperature exposure on compressive strength and microstructure of ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete with waste glass and ceramic

This research evaluates the effect of high temperatures up to 800 °C on the compressive strength and microstructure of the developed ultra-high performance geopolymer concrete (UHPGC) containing waste glass (WG) and ceramic (WC). Fine aggregate was partially substituted with WG and WC in the range of 7.5–22.5% by vol. Samples were heated in the range of 200–800 °C at a heating rate of 5 °C/min for 1.5 h. The visual appearance, mass loss, residual compressive strength, and microscopic investigation of UHPGC mixtures were investigated. The outcomes of the experiments demonstrated that the residual strength of UHPGC containing WG varied from 98% to 97%, 59%–63%, and 27%–32% after being subjected to 300, 600, and 800 °C, respectively. While WC samples had residual strengths varying from 86% to 83%, 51%–45%, and 24%–18%, respectively. Therefore, compressive strength deteriorates more slowly with an increase in WG than WC. Microscopy experiments showed that WC pore structure expanded with temperature, notably above 600 °C, while WG had less pore structure and enhanced residual strength. Finally, the incorporation of WG is more effective in UHPGC thermal stability up to 800 °C than WC. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results revealed that the mixtures containing 22.5% WG maintained about 95% of its weight, while the mixtures incorporating 22.5% WC lost 8% of their weight. It is concluded that WG could be implemented as an eco-friendly material with desirable properties at high temperatures.

Effects of waste glass and waste marble on mechanical and durability performance of concrete

Industrial waste has been rapidly increased day by day because of the fast-growing population which results environmental pollutions. It has been recommended that the disposal of industrial waste would be greatly reduced if it could be incorporated in concrete production. In cement concrete technology, there are many possibilities to use waste materials either as cement replacement or aggregate in concrete production. Two major industrials waste are glass and marble waste. The basic objective of this investigation is to examine the characteristics of concrete waste glass (WG) as binding material in proportions 10%, 20% and 30% by weight of cement. Furthermore, to obtain high strength concrete, waste marble in proportion of 40%, 50% and 60% by weight cement as fine aggregate were used as a filler material to fill the voids between concrete ingredients. Fresh properties were evaluated through slump cone test while mechanical performance was evaluated through compressive strength and split tensile strength which were performed after 7 days, 28 days and 56 days curing. Results show that, workability of concrete decreased with incorporation of waste glass and marble waste. Furthermore, mechanical performance improved considerably up 20% and 50% substitution of waste glass and waste marble respectively. Statistical approach of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used optimize both waste materials in concrete. Results indicate better agreement between statistical and experimental results.

Incorporation of Waste Glass as an Activator in Class-C Fly Ash/GGBS Based Alkali Activated Material.

In this study, an alkaline activator was synthesized by dissolving waste glass powder (WGP) in NaOH-4M solution to explore its effects on the formation of alkali-activated material (AAM) generated by Class-C fly ash (FA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The compressive strength, flexure strength, porosity and water absorption were measured, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) were used to study the crystalline phases, hydration mechanism and microstructure of the resulting composites. Results indicated that the composition of alkali solutions and the ratios of FA/GGBS were significant in enhancing the properties of the obtained AAM. As the amount of dissolved WGP increased in alkaline solution, the silicon concentration increased, causing the accelerated reactivity of FA/GGBS to develop Ca-based hydrate gel as the main reaction product in the system, thereby increasing the strength and lowering the porosity. Further increase in WGP dissolution led to strength loss and increased porosity, which were believed to be due to the excessive water demand of FA/GGBS composites to achieve optimum mixing consistency. Increasing the GGBS proportion in a composite appeared to improve the strength and lower the porosity owing to the reactivity of GGBS being higher than that of FA, which contributed to develop C-S-H-type hydration.

Performance of concrete with the incorporation of waste from the process of stoning and polishing of glass as partial replacement of cement

Abstract The incorporation of waste glass as a partial replacement for cement in concrete can provide an alternative destination for the waste, reduce the consumption of cement (minimizing CO2 emissions and consumption of natural resources), and improve the concrete performance. Thus, this research evaluated the performance of concrete incorporating waste glass sludge (GS), resulting from the process of stoning and polishing of soda-lime flat glass, as a supplementary cementing material. Mechanical strength and durability properties were assessed through compressive strength, alkali-silica reactivity, electrical resistivity and chloride permeability, diffusivity and migration tests. Mixtures containing metakaolin (ME) were also evaluated. The results indicated that the use of the waste ground to an adequate size can replace up to 20% of cement. At this content, it caused a reduction of chloride penetration of over 80%, reduced ASR and conserved compressive strength. The combination of waste with metakaolin replacing 20% of cement also improved all the concrete properties, increasing the compressive strength up to 12% at 28 days.

Influence of Waste Glass on the Physical Properties of Portland Cement Concrete

A differential feature of this work was the use of a type of glass that is little used as fine aggregate in concrete – flat glass powder. This study involved an analysis of the influence of the incorporation of waste glass from the grinding and polishing operations of the glass heat treatment process on the void content, water absorption (W/A) and specific gravity of Portland cement concrete. The coarse and fine aggregates used here were crushed stone and sand, respectively. The concrete was produced using 5%, 10% and 20% of waste glass in place of sand, and water-to-cement (w/c) ratios of 0.50, 0.55 and 0.58. The test specimens were cured for 28 days. The results indicated a reduction in the void content when the percentage of waste glass increased to w/c ratios of 0.55 and 0.58. The reduction of the void content reduced the concrete’s W/A and increased its specific gravity. The waste glass used in this study shows a promising potential for use as fine aggregate in Portland cement concrete. However, other variables must be taken into consideration in the subsequent publications.