Incorporation Of Human Factors Research Articles

Incorporation of human factors into a Discrete Event Simulation Model for human centred assembly performance evaluation


 
 
 Discrete Event Simulation (DES) tool is commonly used for the design, analysis, and evaluation of manufacturing systems. Human centred assembly systems offer better system flexibility and responsiveness due to inherent human intelligence and problem-solving abilities; human can deal with product variations and production volumes; and can always adapt themselves to multiple tasks after learning process. Nevertheless, human performance can be unpredictable, and may alter over time due to varying psychological and physiological states, these are often overlooked by researchers when designing, implementing, or evaluating a manufacturing system. In this paper a user-friendly integrated DES method was proposed to enable manufacturing system designers to investigate overall performance of human centred system considering effects of selected human factors. the method can permit manufacturing system designers to evaluate overall manufacturing system performance with considerations of parameters of human factors at early design stage. A case study was carried out using integrated approach; simulation results demonstrate the applicability of this approach.
 
 

Incorporating human factors into LCM using fuzzy TCI model

ABSTRACT Incorporation of Human Factors (HF) into the mathematical car-following (CF) models has always been the research hotspot. Ignorance of such inclusion would inevitably hinder us from acquiring a comprehensive understanding of traffic flow phenomena. This paper proposed a novel CF model in order to bridge three existing research gaps: the demand for more inclusion of HF into the Longitudinal Control Model (LCM); the requirement for a more desirable underlying CF model for the Task Capability Interface (TCI) model; the ignorance of the fuzziness of human brains when modeling Task Difficulty (TD). Specifically, in order to imitate driver’s natural or subjective uncertainty and ambiguity of his TD, the fuzzy logic approach is introduced, and the TD is then incorporated into the LCM. Thereafter, both numerical simulation and field-data validation have been performed. Results indicate that our proposed model is more capable of accommodating HF and exhibits better performance than its predecessor.

Incorporation of human factors into maritime accident analysis using a data-driven Bayesian network

A data-driven Bayesian network (BN) is used to investigate the effect of human factors on maritime safety through maritime accident analysis. Its novelties consist of (1) manual collection and analysis of the primary data representing frequencies of risk factors directly derived from maritime accident reports, (2) incorporation of human factors into causational analysis with respect to different maritime accident types, and (3) modelling by a historical accident data-driven approach, to generate new insights on critical human factors contributing to different types of accidents. The modelling of the interdependency among the risk influencing factors is structured by Tree Augmented Network (TAN), and validated by both sensitivity analysis and past accident records. Our findings reveal that the critical risk factors for all accident types are ship age, ship operation, voyage segment, information, and vessel condition. More importantly, the findings also present the differentiation among the vital human factors against different types of accidents. Most probable explanation (MPE) is used to provide a specific scenario in which the beliefs are upheld, observing the most probable configuration. The work pioneers the analysis of various impacts of human factors on different maritime accident types. It helps provide specific recommendations for the prevention of a particular type of accidents involving human errors.

Causes and Impact of Human Error in Maintenance of Mechanical Systems

The concept of minimizing human error in maintenance is progressively gaining attention in various industries. The incorporation of human factors when solving engineering problems, particularly in maintenance, can no longer be ignored where high standards of performance are expected. The journey of improving maintenance performance through the reduction of human error begins with the understanding of causes and impact of human error in maintenance. This paper evaluates previous scholarly writings on human errors, to specifically establish the causes and impact of human error in maintenance. This study relies predominantly on the existing literature on human error in maintenance derived from published and unpublished research. The primary findings emerging from the research exhibit a number of key factors that cause a human error in maintenance such as poor management and supervision, organizational culture, incompetence, poorly written procedures, poor communication, time pressure, plant and environmental conditions, poor work design and many more. The literature review also revealed that human errors have a negative impact on safety, reliability, productivity and efficiency of the equipment. It was further discovered that equipment failures leading to accidents, incidents, loss of life and economic losses are the major effects of human error. Human error in mechanical systems’ maintenance is a serious problem which needs adequate attention in order to develop corrective and preventive measures. This review paper serves as a basis for maintenance practitioners and interested parties to develop corrective and preventive measures for minimizing human error in the maintenance of mechanical systems.

Research opportunity: incorporation of human factors in order picking system models

Research opportunity: incorporation of human factors in order picking system models

Incorporation of human factors into ship collision risk models focusing on human centred design aspects

This paper presents an approach that more adequately incorporates human factor considerations into quantitative risk analysis of ship operation. The focus is on the collision accident category, which is one of the main risk contributors in ship operation. The approach is based on the development of a Bayesian Network (BN) model that integrates elements from the Technique for Retrospective and Predictive Analysis of Cognitive Errors (TRACEr) and focuses on the calculation of the collision accident probability due to human error. The model takes into account the human performance in normal, abnormal and critical operational conditions and implements specific tasks derived from the analysis of the task errors leading to the collision accident category. A sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the most important contributors to human performance and ship collision. Finally, the model developed is applied to assess the collision risk of a feeder operating in Dover strait using the collision probability estimated by the developed BN model and an Event tree model for calculation of human, economic and environmental risks.

Generic Customizable Simulation Modules to Emphasize Error Risk in Medication Order Entry

Latent interface design issues can contribute to error prone instances during electronic medication order entry, which may in turn compromise patient safety. In electronic medication order entry, error-tolerant design and safety engineering approaches are paramount for mitigating risk. However, long-term interface or programming redesign recommendations often take time to implement after hazards are identified. Tradeoffs and unanswered questions in design may further complicate design and redesign efforts. A proposed approach for addressing these gaps where redesign is delayed or not possible is promoting user awareness of potential error mechanisms by creating structured customizable electronic health record (EHR) and computerized provider order entry (CPOE) simulation training modules to highlight latent design issues that could contribute to data entry problems. The development and use of simulated EHR and CPOE environments for training purposes has only recently begun to be described in published literature. These recent publications describe general EHR simulation curricula. This paper introduces the incorporation of human factors and human-computer interaction concepts as a primary learning objective within a model for a customizable universal EHR and CPOE simulation module.

Tour scheduling for part-time employee with variable productivity

Goal of our research is incorporation of human factors engineering into the scheduling theory in order to exploit optimised human performance. Tour scheduling problem in which part-time employees have variable performance was studied in this paper. We provided mathematical model, and its objective function was minimisation of staffing costs. Decision variables of model were determination of shifts duration and employees assignments. The unique characteristic of this study was consideration of ergonomic aspect (fatigue rate of employees) in tour scheduling problem. We used genetic algorithm to conquest difficulty of the model and to find desirable solution in a reasonable running time. In order to show effectiveness and efficiency of the model we generated sets of problems with different sizes. Using LINGO, we examined the performance of genetic algorithm for variety of instances. The comparison results demonstrated satisfactory performance of genetic algorithm in terms of computational time and quality of solutions. Also sensitivity analysis for the problems indicated that genetic algorithm had good ability to search solution space efficiently even for larger problems.

Current State of Human Factors in Systems Design

Many papers at previous HFES Meetings have touched on the theme of how to either incorporate human factors earlier in the design process, including development of new methods and discussion of what existing methods and tools are applicable at the preliminary and conceptual design phases. To many HFES members, these questions are not an academic exercise, but daily challenges. The goal of this discussion panel is to summarize the current state of human factors in systems design, particularly outside of the context of human factors-centric operations and to assess the gaps in human factors methods to support the incorporation of human factors earlier in the design process. Panel members represent industry organizations who work daily to incorporate good human factors principles into design.

European Contribution to the ITER Licensing

The DAC file (Demande d’Autorisation de Création) is the principal document supporting the application for the licensing of ITER. It includes the Preliminary Safety Report (RPrS - Rapport Préliminaire de Sûreté) and the “Impact Study”. On January 2008, the DAC was officially submitted to the French Nuclear Authority (ASN).To cope with the requests and recommendations given by the ASN to the earlier ITER Safety Options Report (DOS), CEA had taken commitments dealing with complementary information to be integrated into the RPrS. The necessary work had been implemented by EFDA (European Fusion Development Agreement) and, since its existence, by F4E (Fusion for Energy), in the EISS activities (European ITER Site Study) and in the European Safety Technology Work Programs. The executants of the work have been CEA-AIF (Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique – Agence ITER France), several European Associations (CEA, CIEMAT, ENEA, FZK and VR/Studsvik) and industry. All of them have been working in full cooperation with ITER Organization (IO). In addition some long term R&D tasks, which will have to be performed in parallel to ITER construction, have been defined and their implementation started. Typical examples are dust management (production, mobilization, diagnostic and removal), combined hydrogen/dust explosion models development and validation, demonstration of the feasibility of prevention/mitigation of in-vessel hydrogen/dust explosions and studies on magnet arcing behaviour and consequences.The final writing of the DAC and the related studies has involved the equivalent to 35 man-years of effort. Most of the resources have been focused on the fulfillment of the supporting files for the RPrS: lessons learnt from fusion experiments, R&D status of the fusion technology, safety operational limits, definition of the safety control system, development of a maintenance program, analysis of occupational radiation exposures, incorporation of human factors into the design, categorization of incidents and accidents, definition of design and safety codes and standards, criteria for design reviews, configuration control, waste management dismantling and demolition, safety analysis of internal and external hazards and security concerns. The remaining licensing effort has been dedicated to the environmental impact of the project and the coordination, preparation and presentation of documentation to the Safety Authorities.This paper summarizes the main outcomes of the European contribution to the ITER licensing process and the related ongoing and planned supporting R&D activities.

The development of marketing to design: The incorporation of human factors into product specification and design : Hutt, A.T.F., and Flower, F. ICL Technical J, 1990, 7.2, 253–269, 11 refs.

The development of marketing to design: The incorporation of human factors into product specification and design : Hutt, A.T.F., and Flower, F. ICL Technical J, 1990, 7.2, 253–269, 11 refs.

Design of man-machine interfaces in process control

Computerized CRT-displays are rapidly being introduced into man-machine interfaces for process control and supervision. The flexibility of these devices can promote the incorporation of human factors in interface design. The paper gives a survey of design criteria and guidelines for: Allocating system functions between “man” and “machine”; coping with operator skills; evaluating CRT-displays and choosing controls and dialogue structures for these type of displays. Also, attention is paid to experimental comparison of design alternatives, and to the influences of the human organization, high mental stress and job satisfaction on interface design.